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A method for calculating the 1/d expansion coefficients for solutions of integration by parts relations for Feynman integrals is presented. The idea is to use linear substitutions to transform these relations to an explicitly recursive form. A possible type of such substitutions is proposed for the case of vacuum integrals. Its applicability is shown for several families of massless (with one massive line) vacuum integrals up to the 7-loop level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The translational–rotational motions of a symmetrical dumbbell are considered in a circular restricted three-body problem where two primaries of equal mass move in circular orbits about common barycenter. A new type of motion is described for the dumbbell whereby its barycenter moves along the normal to the plane of rotation of the two primaries, whilst the dumbbell itself rotates continuously around the normal, forming a constant angle of π/2 with it (the invariant manifold "gravitational propeller"). It is shown that this manifold includes several two-dimensional invariant submanifolds. The dynamics of a dumbbell on these submanifolds is described. Relative equilibria were found on a "gravitational propeller" when the dumbbell mass center rests at the barycenter of the system, while the dumbbell is oriented parallel to the axis connecting the primaries or perpendicular to it. The stability of these equilibria is investigated. Small spatial nonlinear oscillations on a "gravitational propeller" manifold in the vicinity of a stable relative equilibrium were studied for the dumbbell of infinitesimal length. It is shown that these oscillations have the nature of a nonlinear parametric resonance, which sets a "slow" amplitude modulation of "fast" harmonic oscillations along the angle of rotation of the dumbbell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of anti-polyethylene glycol (PEG) antibodies can limit the clinical efficacy of PEGylated drugs and cause anaphylactic reactions in patients. Monocytes/macrophages are effector cells involved in IgG-mediated passive systemic anaphylaxis. We studied the influence of human blood serum on the efficiency of uptake of PEGylated nanoparticles by human blood monocytes. It has been shown that magnetic nanoparticles modified with PEG-3000 and solid lipid nanoparticles containing PEG-2000 are avidly internalized by human blood monocytes in vitro, the uptake efficiency depends on the features (composition) of donor blood serum, but does not correlate with the level of the IgG antibody against PEG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A plane problem of a potential fluid flow around a cylinder of arbitrary section over an uneven bottom with a flow velocity at infinity directed parallel to the bottom is considered. The circulation of the velocity field is determined from Goldshtik's postulate: the maximum velocity on the contour of the cylinder must be minimal. Two numerical schemes of the boundary element method are developed for solving this problem. The first scheme determines the flow on a bounded but arbitrarily defined bottom surface. The second scheme determines the flow around a contour in a half plane. The comparison of calculations using these numerical schemes with the exact solutions shows the convergence of the method as the grid elements increase. The pressure on the cylinder surface and on the bottom obtained using numerical calculations by the – model is compared with experimental data. Streamlines are also compared taking into account the separation region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive understanding of the resistive switching mechanisms that activate REDOX-based random access memory devices is necessary to further enhance their performance and reliability. In this article, devices of two different sizes were fabricated by magnetron sputtering and tested by potential sweeps and pulses. Reproducible memristive characteristics for HfOx-based devices were obtained. The contact geometry was shown to play a critical role in the process dynamics and device characteristics. Moderate to high ON/OFF ratios were obtained for all the devices. All the devices exhibited bipolar memristive behavior consistent with combined electric field and temperature-dependent oxygen migration in the filament formation mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We derive explicit expressions for the elements of the {β}-expansion for the nonsinglet Adler DA-function and Bjorken polarized sum rules SBjp in the N4LO using recent results by Chetyrkin for these quantities computed within extended QCD including any number of fermion representations. We discuss the properties of the {β}-expansion for DA and SBjp at higher orders which follow from the Crewther [1] and the Broadhurst-Kataev [2] relation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The studies were conducted to explore the total water-soluble antioxidants, polyphenol compounds, and flavonoids in the vegetable soybean seeds at the stages of industrial (R6) and biological (R8) ripeness. The values of these parameters were respectively 2.6 mg eq gallic acid/g, 4.1 mg eq gallic acid/g, and 0.69 mg eq quercetin/g at the industrial ripeness stage of vegetable soybeans. At the same time, the total water-soluble antioxidants of grain and vegetable samples were identical and the total polyphenolic compounds in vegetable types were 36.6% higher than in grain-type varieties, but the accumulation of isoflavones was 16.6% lower. There was an increase in the accumulation of alcohol-soluble antioxidants during the transition of plants from technical to biological ripeness, while the amount of the water-soluble fraction decreased. The total water-soluble antioxidants, polyphenolic compounds, and flavonoids in vegetable soybean were respectively 2.2 mg eq gallic acid/g, 4.8 mg eq gallic acid/g, and 0.90 mg eq quercetin/g at the stage of biological ripeness. This is respectively 10.0, 26.3, and 9.7% higher than that of grain-type varieties. Significant relationships were found between the total water-soluble antioxidants and polyphenolic compounds (r = 0.80 ± 0.14) and polyphenolic compounds and isoflavones (r = 0.81 ± 0.12) at the stage of biological ripeness. The accumulation of water- and alcohol-soluble antioxidants in the seeds of vegetable-type soybeans is different from the grain-type soybean varieties in the Central Region of the Nonchernozem zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fracture toughness of syntactic composites with various degrees of filling with hollow glass microspheres is studied. It is shown that the "area method" can be employed for calculation of the crack resistance of syntactic composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present the form factor measurement in the virtual photon mass range 1 GeV < < 2 GeV in the process. Measurements are based on the data acquired by the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 collider in Novosibirsk. The obtained form factor is approximated in the vector meson dominance (VMD) model. The joint fitting of the form factor obtained in the SND and NA60 experiments is also performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial monitoring was conducted and the environmental situation assessed in local populations of a relict endemic species, V. formosa, based on a climatic modeling of its distribution range performed using the maximum entropy method. Plants belonging to this species live only in high mountains on open unsodded shale screes in periglacial zones and sporadically occur in mountain systems of the Taurus Mountains, Armenian Highlands, Caucasus Ridge, and Elburz Range. V. formosa is an extremely rare species listed in the Red Data Books of Russia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia, as well as in many regional Red Data Books. The limiting factors determining its rarity previously remained unidentified, which raised the need to assess the environmental situation in all habitats of this species on the basis of climatic modeling. An original methodology has been developed to assess the environmental situation within and around the localities of the species using the following gradations: favorable, unfavorable, and ambivalent; a quantitative point-based assessment technique is proposed for this purpose. The new methodology makes it possible to identify the most favorable areas for the preservation of local V. formosa populations. The environmental situation was recognized low favorable for 11 local populations, unfavorable for 23 local populations, and ambivalent for 36 local populations. Such an approach to describing the environmental situation around localities is proposed for the first time in international practice. The purpose of this approach is to obtain the most accurate formalized information on the climatic situation in each locality and in each nestle cell surrounding the locality throughout the entire distribution range of a given species. To formalize a description of a specific climatic situation, a color scale of rasters generated in MAXENT is proposed: 1 point is assigned to loci adversely affected by the complex of climatic factors (blue segment of the spectrum), 2 points are assigned to neutrally affected loci (green segment of the spectrum), and 3 points are assigned to loci positively affected by the complex of climatic factors (yellow-red segment of the spectrum). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied an original radiolabeled complex of antimicrobial peptides UBI29-41 and UBI18-35, ubiquicidin derivatives, for distinguishing between bacterial and aseptic inflammation. For radiolabeling of the peptides with technetium-99m, a bifunctional chelating agent succinimide-1-yl 6-(bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)hexanoate was used. The obtained complexes 99mТс-DPAH-UBI29-41 and 99mТс-DPAH-UBI18-35 had radiolabeling yield >80% and radiochemical purity >96%. Accumulation of the complexes in the focus of bacterial inflammation in bone structures and the absence of this complex in the site of aseptic inflammation was confirmed in a rat model of traumatic osteomyelitis by single-photon emission computed tomography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of anilines containing a 1,2,4-oxadiazole moiety with the bis(xylylisocyanide) Pd(II) complex leads to the formation of acyclic diaminocarbene complexes. The oxadiazole ring is not involved in the reaction. Composition and structure of the obtained complexes have been confirmed by means of mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A one-pot method for the synthesis of biphenylcarboxylic acids containing 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring in the NaOH–DMSO system was developed. The results of in vitro experiments showed that the synthesized compounds exhibit antibacterial activity against susceptible strains of E. coli and S. aureus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of a simulation, performed using the code ATHLET/BIPR-VVER (Russia, Germany), of tests on connecting a single main circulation pump (MCP) unit with three operating units during operation of VVER-1200 at 26% normal power level are presented. A comparison of the calculation and experiment showed the accuracy of the computational model to be satisfactory. Modeling is sufficient from the stand-point of calculating the macroparameters of a reactor facility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for calculating the optimal ratio of the fuel and solid propellant in the gas generator of a high-velocity flying vehicle is proposed. A thermodynamic approach is used to describe the processes in the gas generator. The ratio of the solid propellant and fuel in the gas generator is determined by their physical and chemical properties. An increase in the density and heat of combustion of the solid propellant and in the fuel porosity leads to reduction of the volume fraction of the solid propellant in the gas generator. An increase in the density, specific heat, specific heat of sublimation, and temperature of sublimation of the fuel leads to an increase in the volume fraction of the solid propellant in the gas generator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of bis(cyclohexylisocyanide) complex of Pd(II) with substituted benzo[d]thiazole-2-amines in the presence of triethanolamine as the base has lead to the formation of deprotonated C,N-chelated carbene complexes with a structure similar to that described previously for the products of the reaction with unsubstituted benzo[d]thiazole-2-amine. The complexes have been isolated and characterized using high-resolution mass spectrometry, IR and NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C{1H}, 1H-1H COSY, 1H-1H NOESY, 1H-13C HSQC, 1H-13C HMBC). The resulting complexes have exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against sensitive strains of gram-negative bacteria E. coli (C600) and P. fluorescens (P218), gram-positive bacteria S. aureus (ATCC-25923) and B. subtillis (B-3142D) as well as fungi C. albicans (401/NCTC-885-653). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of the rapid amperometric method made it possible to promptly measure and evaluate the total content of water- and ethanol-soluble antioxidants in extracts from Chryzantemum coronarium L. plants. The effect of optimal and low positive temperatures on the accumulation of low-molecular weight antioxidants—ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, soluble carbohydrates, and carotenoids—in various organs of the vegetable chrysanthemum plant was investigated. The content of flavonoids in the leaves of the studied varieties was two times higher than in the stems, while the accumulation level of condensed and polymeric polyphenols in the stem was three times higher than the level of their accumulation in the leaves. The maximum total antioxidant content was found in the inflorescences, whereas their content was 2–3 times lower in other organs of the plant. Under the conditions of hypothermia in November, the amount of ascorbic acid and photosynthetic pigments and the total content of antioxidants remained at a higher level in the upper photosynthesizing leaves. The data obtained indicate the important role of low-molecular weight antioxidants in the protection of plant cells under the effect of low positive temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composition and ecological–geographical features of the rarest endemic species of vascular plants of Siberia are considered, including 50 species known so far only from their classical location (so-called stenoendemics). Their share is about 1% of the flora of vascular plants of Siberia. For the first time, according to floristic zoning, the composition of the chorological groups of the stenoendemics of Siberia has been established. The zones of concentration of their ranges are determined. The largest number of species studied (23) is concentrated in the Altai–Siberian ecoregion. A significant number of stenoendemic species is also represented in the Baikal–Siberian (10) and West Siberian (8) regions. It has been quantitatively proven that the most favorable conditions for the existence of stenoendemics are in Southern Siberia. The mountain systems of Altai and Sayan provide the most diverse spectra of habitats for the successful implementation of microevolutionary processes, as well as the level of isolation sufficient to isolate new species. For the determination of the environmental conditions conducive to the speciation processes, the grouping of the studied species according to their belonging to floristic complexes is carried out. More than a third of the studied species of the Altai–Siberian ecoregion (9 out of 23) are confined to the high-mountain floristic complex. Stenoendemics of the forest floristic complex are concentrated in the Altai–Siberian and West Siberian ecoregions and form a grouping comparable in value to the high-mountain floristic complex types. In the Baikal–Siberian, species of the steppe floristic complex predominate, which is due to the diversity of the steppe areas and their insular character. It has been established that the level of state protection of the studied species is unacceptably low, since none of them are listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation. To assess the degree of study and the prospects for further research on endemic species, a methodology for their ranking by quantitative indicators has been developed and tested. The recommendations presented in the article should be the basis for the consideration of questions regarding the inclusion of the studied endemic species of vascular plants of Siberia into the lists of rare and endangered plants of the Russian Federation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The features of burning of solid propellant with a high metal content (over 40%) under conditions of a separately located gas generator of an air-jet engine were investigated. It was shown that solid propellant with a high metal content burns in the mode of dominant heat release in the condensed phase. It was found that metal propellant under conditions of the condensed phase is not a simple heat sink, but plays an active role in burning. The oxidation of the metal under the conditions of the condensed phase maintains the thermal balance of the condensed phase during burning of solid propellant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3,5-Disubstituted 1,2,4-oxadiazoles were synthesized by the reaction of amidoximes with carboxylic acids or their esters under high-pressure conditions (10 kbar). The reaction proceeds without the use of other reagents or catalysts. Both aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids undergo this reaction. The obtained 1,2,4-oxadiazoles possess high fungicidal activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new diaminocarbene cis-palladium(II) complex containing a 2-aminobenzoxazole ligand was synthesized by reacting cis-[PdCl2(CNCy)2] and 2-aminobenzoxazole. The structure and composition of the obtained complex were proven by NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The cytotoxicities of the obtained complex and structurally similar palladium(II) complexes containing a 2-aminothiazole ligand were tested against human cancer cells of various histogenesis (MCF-7, HL60, HeLa, DLD1, A431). The activities of several complexes against cancer cells were higher than those of the reference drug cisplatin and the free ligands, i.e., 2-aminooxazole and substituted 2-aminothiazoles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this work, plane problems of numerical simulation of wave motion are studied. Potential flows of a perfect incompressible fluid are considered. A numerical algorithm for calculating the shape of a free boundary is proposed. The algorithm is based on the boundary element method with the use of quadrature formulas with no saturation. The algorithm is used for studying the breaking of capillary gravity waves and calculating thin cumulative jets. The stability of the scheme and high accuracy in calculations of sharp cumulative jets are achieved due to special control for the distribution of grid points and a decrease in the grid step in the neighborhood of the forward end of the cumulative jet with an ultimately rapid growth of the curvature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exact solution of self-excited vibrations of a reservoir hydraulic fracture after stopping the hydraulic fracture fluid injection is obtained on the basis of the generalized hyperbolictype Perkins-Kern-Nordgren model of the development of vertical reservoir hydraulic fracture. The vibrations are excited by the rarefaction wave developed after stopping the injection. The solution obtained is used to estimate the height, the width, and the half-length of the reservoir hydraulic fracture on the basis of the field data of bottomhole pressure gauges by the time of stopping the hydraulic fracture fluid injection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One-pot convenient process was developed for the production of 3,5-disubstituted 1,2,4-oxadiazoles by reaction of amidoximes with anhydrides or acyl chlorides in a system NaOH‒DMSO. The reaction proceeds at room temperature with high yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method of development of a simulation complex for creating the simulation computer models of wind-diesel power plants (WDPPs) and results of such modeling are considered. The main types of the applied mathematical models are described: analytical approximation of the rated characteristics, reproduction of the transient processes in the equivalent circuits on the basis of integration of the differential equations, and harmonic analysis and playout of the values of the random variables during the statistical computational experiments. The simulation computer models allow carrying out investigations and analysis of the static and dynamic operation modes of the WDPPs and can be used when carrying out engineering solutions in designing energy-efficient local power-supply systems with WDPPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the operation of gas-turbine units deposits, which have the form of a conglomerate of hydraulic oil and contaminations from atmosphere air, are accumulated on the axial-compressor blades. Deposits are occasionally removed using solid abrasive or detergent solutions. Only detergent solutions are employed on modern units, because abrasive substances damage the protective sputtering of blades. The detergent solutions that are used have a high cost and are unsafe in use. In this work, a high-performance detergent solution is suggested, which is able to dissolve deposits on the axial-compressor blades of gas-turbine units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The system of equations and numerical results for the problem of cylindrical cavity evolution in the plane-parallel potential flow of a perfect incompressible fluid are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the accumulation of antioxidants at аn early stage of development of organs of P. incarnata L. plants grown in greenhouses (medicinal aromatic plants were used for comparison), as well as to evaluate the effect of biostimulant Albit. The use of amperometric and biochemical methods made it possible to measure and evaluate the total antioxidant content in aqueous extracts of leaves of aromatic plants with sedative effects compared to aqueous extracts of P. incarnata L. leaves. The latter are characterized by a lower level of antioxidant accumulation. Seed treatment with biostimulant Albit and foliar treatment of aerial parts of the P. incarnata L. plant increased the total antioxidant content and the content of carotenoids, chlorophylls a and b, and the yield of aerial parts of the plant by 10-15%. The findings suggest that the P. incarnata L. plants grown in greenhouses can be used to create antioxidant herbal remedies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A procedure has been developed for the synthesis of (5-alkenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)anilines by selective reduction of the nitro group in 5-alkenyl-3-(nitrophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazoles. The resulting amines are promising monomers for oxidative and radical polymerizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Processes of thermal desorption of oxygen molecules and water from BaCeMO, where M= Nd, Sm, and Gd, presintered in air at the temperature of 650°C are studied. It is found that oxygen is desorbed only from neodymium-doped barium cerate and is almost not evolved from barium cerate doped by samarium and gadolinium. The amount of desorbed oxygen features a square dependence on cationic doping by neodymium. At similar degrees of cationic doping, the amount of water desorbed from neodymium-doped barium cerate is always lower than that from the cerate doped by samarium and gadolinium. The obtained experimental data on thermal desorption and analysis of literature data served as a basis for the conclusion as to the mixed valency of neodymium Nd(III)-Nd(IV) in BaCeNdO. In this case, at similar doping degrees x, the hydration degree of BaCeNdO is lower and the oxygen index is higher than in BaCe1(Sm,Gd)O. The differences become more pronounced at high degrees of cationic doping and must decrease at an increase in temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We extend the $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}_s^5\right) $$ result of the analytic calculation of the quark mass anomalous dimension in pQCD [1] to the case of a generic gauge group. We present explicit formulas which express the relevant renormalization constants in terms of four-loop massless propagators. We also use our result to shed new light on the old puzzle of the absence of even zetas in results of perturbative calculations for a class of physical observables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents estimates for the operating life of guide vanes that have been in operation for a long time. The calculations are carried out with due regard for weld defects on vane trunnions and foils, as well as corrosion damage to vane foils. Defect characteristics were determined using ultrasound, magnetic particle, and optical methods of nondestructive testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The transpiration of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in pipelines decreases the cost of transfer, and pipes of smaller diameters can be used in this case. Based on system analysis, we developed a mathematical model to determine the pipeline wall thickness for LNG transportation as a function of the pipeline diameter and steel grade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of published data provided evidence that the main candidates for the role of the end effector for ischemic postconditioning of the heart are: 1) BK-type K channels (big conductance K channels); 2) mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K channels; and 3) MPT pores (mitochondrial permeability transition pores). However, some investigators believe that mitoK channels constitute no more than an intermediate link in the chain of signal events mediating increases in the tolerance of the heart to the actions of ischemia-reperfusion. Of these three structures, MPT pores are the most likely end effector. However, it remains possible that there is no unique molecular complex which is the sole end effector of postconditioning. It may be that there are several effectors mediating the cardioprotective effects of the adaptive postconditioning phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A relationship for the determination of the optimal thickness of heat insulation for line systems is developed. Experimental findings concerning the heat-insulation properties of liquid-ceramic heat-insulation materials are given for valves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different methods to study the elastic and strength properties of syntactics - materials based on epoxy resins filled with hollow glass microspheres (HGMs) - are presented. Measurement results for the shear modulus and strength of the materials are analyzed. The effect of microsphere volume fraction in the polymeric matrix on the characteristics is shown. Experiments are performed to investigate the failure mechanisms of syntactics under compression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new approach to the synthesis of 4and 3-(5-R-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)benzoic acids via a selective oxidation of 5-R-3-tolyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles with air oxygen in the presence of a catalytic system based on cobalt acetate was suggested. This synthesis allowed us to obtain the products in higher yields and with shorter sequence of steps as compared to the known procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Features of amidoximes reactions with ethyl chlorooxalate in a wide range of solvents at the use of a number of bases were investigated. An efficient preparation method for ethyl 3-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carboxylates in acetonitrile in the presence of triethylamine was developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The special features of the crystallization processes of 50% two-component metal melts in the model of transitive two-phase zone (TTZ) whose structure is described by the system of stationary kinetic transcendental equations are investigated. The influence of the TTZ structure and crystallization temperature of the system two-component metal melt - crystal on the frequencies of joining of step-growth monomers to TTZ monolayers is considered. It is demonstrated that in this case, the disordering process of two-component crystals at temperatures smaller than the Curie temperature follows the Bragg-Williams thermodynamic transition. It is noted that at the point of the two-component crystal disordering, the average crystallization rate has a singularity in the form of a finite jump whose value is proportional to the squared long-order parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure of the so-called transitive two-phase zone (TTZ) in space of concentrations of step-growth monomers belonging to two aggregate states - melt and crystal ones - is considered for the kinetic crystallization regime of two-component metal melts. Dependences of the frequencies of joining of step-growth monomers to TTZ monolayers on the temperature of the crystallizing system and the binding energy of the two nearest neighboring particles (step-growth monomers in the TTZ model) belonging to different aggregate states are considered. Variants of systems of stationary kinetic equations describing the TTZ structure are presented that can be used to investigate the disordering processes in two-component crystals with simple cubic lattice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Questions concerning assessment of the remaining service lives of generating sets, and equipment replacement are examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A macroscopic heterostructure synthesized in the form of a germanium-hydroxide proton conductor-graphite assembly generates electric voltage comparable with that in polymer microfuel cells (0.7 V). Germanium-containing heterostructures, operating at room temperature and involving no precious metals, can be used as electric current sources for low-power devices. From the fundamental standpoint, a new combination of solid hydroxide proton conductors with group-IV electrodes is also of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An information system for fuzzy measurement of the state of wood is constructed for the determination of admissible operating modes of an electrical desiccator. The problem formulation, electrical facility, previously obtained data, features of the construction of the fuzzy output system, and methods used are given. The input data interface and verification results are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the mathematical model of electron beam transformation in a narrow tube developed by the authors and the KlypWin program suite, conditions for the maximal efficiency of decimeter-wave klystrons having from three to six amplification stages are simulated. Simulation is based on a real electron-optical system and real parameters of the cavities. It is shown that the maximal efficiency (across the load) is 83% for a four-cavity klystron, 86% for a five-cavity klystron, 88% for a six-cavity klystron, and 90% for a seven-cavity one. The electronic efficiency of the simulated seven-cavity klystron equals 94%, which implies the achievement of a global extremum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dependence of the maximal efficiency on the amplification factor is studied for double-cavity klystrons simulated based on real electron-optical systems and real electrodynamic parameters of cavities. Simulation uses a mathematical model of electron beam transformation in a narrow tube and a KlypWin software suite. It is shown that the maximal efficiency of such klystrons, 46-47%, is achieved at an amplification factor of 16-18 dB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we have investigated how the luminescence characteristics and the total content of antioxidants in leaves of strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) change after infestation of plants by spider mites ( Tetranychus atlanticus McGregor). At early stages of plant injury, the chlorophyll concentration remained unchanged. However, the total amount of antioxidants decreased and the intensity of high-temperature thermoluminescence band (60-100°C) increased, indicating degradation of membrane lipids caused by oxidative stress. In infested leaves, the light-induced rise of nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence was slower, while the relaxation of nonphotochemical quenching in the dark was faster than in control leaf samples. These data may indicate that the thylakoid membranes in infested leaves were more permeable to ions than in control leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing body of knowledge concerning the molecular biology of viruses and virus-cell interactions provides possibilities to use viruses as a tool in an effort to treat malignant tumors. As a rule, tumor cells are highly sensitive to viruses, which can be used in cancer therapy. At the same time, the application of viral oncolysis in cancer treatment requires that the highest possible safety be ensured for both the patient and environment. Human enteroviruses are a convenient source for obtaining oncolytic virus strains, since many of them are nonpathogenic for humans or cause mild disease. The current progress in genetic engineering enables the development of attenuated enterovirus variants characterized with high safety and selectivity. This review focuses on the main members of the Enterovirus genus, such as ECHO, coxsackievirus, and vaccine strains of poliovirus as a promising source for the development of oncolytic agents applicable for cancer therapy. We have summarized the data concerning recently developed and tested oncolytic variants of enteroviruses and discusses the perspectives of their application in cancer therapy, as well as problems associated with their improvement and practical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]