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The idea behind density-based clustering is to associate groups to the connected components of the level sets of the density of the data to be estimated by a nonparametric method. This approach claims some advantages over both distance- and model-based clustering. Some researchers developed this technique by proposing a graph theory–based method for identifying local modes of the underlying density being estimated by the well-known kernel density estimation (KDE) with normal and t kernels. The present work proposes a semi-parametric KDE with a more flexible family of kernels including skew-normal (SN) and skew-t (ST). We show that the proposed estimator not only reduces boundary bias but it is also closer to the actual density compared to that of the usual estimator employing the Gaussian kernel. Finding optimal bandwidth for one-dimensional and multidimensional cases under the mentioned asymmetric kernels is another main result of this paper where we shrink the bandwidth more than the one obtained under the normal assumption. Finally, through a comprehensive numerical study, we will illustrate the application of the proposed semi-parametric KDE on the density-based clustering using some simulated and real data sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind energy production depends not only on wind speed but also on wind direction. Thus, predicting and estimating the wind direction for sites accurately will enhance measuring the wind energy potential. The uncertain nature of wind direction can be presented through probability distributions and Bayesian analysis can improve the modeling of the wind direction using the contribution of the prior knowledge to update the empirical shreds of evidence. This must align with the nature of the empirical evidence as to whether the data are skew or multimodal or not. So far mixtures of von Mises within the directional statistics domain, are used for modeling wind direction to capture the multimodality nature present in the data. In this paper, due to the skewed and multimodal patterns of wind direction on different sites of the locations understudy, a mixture of multimodal skewed von Mises is proposed for wind direction. Furthermore, a Bayesian analysis is presented to take into account the uncertainty inherent in the proposed wind direction model. A simulation study is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed Bayesian model. This proposed model is fitted to datasets of wind direction of Marion island and two wind farms in South Africa and show the superiority of the approach. The posterior predictive distribution is applied to forecast the wind direction on a wind farm. It is concluded that the proposed model offers an accurate prediction by means of credible intervals. The mean wind direction of Marion island in 2017 obtained from 1079 observations was 5.0242 (in radian) while using our proposed method the predicted mean wind direction and its corresponding 95 % credible interval based on 100 generated samples from the posterior predictive distribution are obtained 5.0171 and (4.7442, 5.2900). Therefore, our results open a new approach for accurate prediction of wind direction implementing a Bayesian approach via mixture of skew circular distributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modeling wind speed data is the prime requirement for harnessing the wind energy potential at a given site. While the Weibull distribution is the most commonly employed distribution in the literature and in practice, numerous scientific articles have proposed various alternative continuous probability distributions to model the wind speed at their convenient sites. Fitting the best distribution model to the data enables the practitioners to estimate the wind power density more accurately, which is required for wind power generation. In this paper we comprehensively review fourteen continuous probability distributions, and investigate their fitting capacities at seventeen locations of India covering the east and west offshore corner as well as the mainland, which represents a large variety of climatological scenarios. A first main finding is that wind speed varies a lot inside India and that one should treat each site individually for optimizing wind power generation. A second finding is that the wide acceptance of the Weibull distribution should at least be questioned, as it struggles to represent wind regimes with heterogeneous data sets exhibiting multimodality, high levels of skewness and/or kurtosis. Our study reveals that mixture distributions are very good alternative candidates that can model difficult shapes and yet do not require too many parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insurance loss data have peculiar features that can rarely be accounted for by simple parametric distributions. Thus, in this manuscript, we first introduce a new type of location mixture model: the mode mixture. By using convenient mode-parameterized hump-shaped distributions, we present a family of eight mode mixture of unimodal distributions. Then, we fit these models to two real insurance loss datasets, where they are evaluated in terms of goodness of fit and ability to reproduce classical risk measures. We extend the comparisons to existing models based on mode-parameterized hump-shaped distributions. Lastly, using simulated data, we further investigate the performance of the estimated risk measures of our models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]