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Current study envisions novel investigation about impact of multi-natured nanoparticles on characteristics produced by bioconvective motion of gyrotactic microorganisms in Williamson fluid flow over an enlargeable cylinder. In addition, consideration of physical aspects like viscous dissipation, permeability, activation energy, magnetic field, chemical reaction, and convective boundary constraints jointly also adds the strength and innovative prospect of present communications. In view of its originality, firstly formulation of the problem is constructed in the form of dimensionless ODEs. Numerical simulations are computed by executing shooting method in combination with RK-4 method to attain outcomes. Additionally, a machine learning algorithm based on Levenberg-Marquardt scheme is employed to predict numerical results found from the numerical procedures. Credibility of work is ensured by making comparison with existing studies in restricted sense of the present effort. Results depicting the behavior of associated distributions against flow controlling parameters are interpreted through graphs and tables. Quantities of engineering interest are computed against governing parameters in comparative manner for three different nanoparticles. It is certified that the velocity profile exceeds when Fe3O4 nanoparticles are added whereas temperature, concentration, and motile microorganism's distributions are optimum in case of (Ag) nanoparticles. It is worthwhile to mention that all associated engineering quantities show contrary behavior with respect to their distributions against addition of respective nanoparticles. It is also recorded that amplification in the magnitude of activation energy elevates concentration distributions whereas reduces the mass flux. Convective boundary constraints employed at the surface of cylinder cause enrichment in temperature and concentration profiles and respective fluxes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generation of fluid flow due to simultaneous occurrence of heat and mass diffusions caused by buoyancy differences is termed as double diffusion. Pervasive applications of such diffusion arise in numerous natural and scientific systems. This article investigates double diffusion in naturally convective flow of water-based fluid saturated in corrugated enclosure and containing hybrid nano particles composed of Copper (Cu) and Alumina (Al2O3). Impact of uniformly applied magnetic field is also accounted. To produce thermosolutal convective potential circular cylinder of constant radius is also adjusted by providing uniform temperature and concentration distributions. Finite element approach is capitalized to provide solution of utilized governing equations by utilizing Multiphysics COMSOL software. Wide-range of physical parameters are incorporated to depict their influence on associated distributions (velocity, temperature and concentration). Interesting physical quantities like Nusselt number, Sherwood numbers are also calculated against involved sundry parameters. It is note worthily observed that maximum strength of stream lines (ψ max ) is 3.3 at ϕ = 0 and drops to 1.2 when ϕ is increased to 0.04. Furthermore, in the hydrodynamic case (Ha = 0), it is observed that the velocity field exhibits an increasing trend compared to the hydromagnetic case H a ≠ 0 , which is proved from the attained values of stream-function i.e., | ψ | max = 11 (in the absence of a magnetic field) and | ψ | max = 3.5 (in the presence of a magnetic field). It is revealed from the statistics of Nusselt number that increase in volume fraction of nano particles from 0 to 0.4, heat flux coefficient upsurges up to 7% approximately. Since, present work includes novel physical aspects of thermosolutal diffusion generated due to induction of hybrid nanoparticles in water contained in corrugated enclosure, so this study will provide innovative thought to the researchers to conduct research in this direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current communication is addressed to elaborate features of laminar fluid flowing through a channel with permeable boundaries which is an important flow problem in real-world applications. In this work, Newtonian fluid (base fluid) in a rotating porous contracting/expanding channel with induction of TiO2-Cu nanoparticles (Suspensions) of different shapes and sizes is obliged. Formulation is executed under implementing boundary layer approach. Empirical relation representing features of nanoparticles are added in equations. Afterwards, partial differential expressions are changed into ODE's by incorporating transformations. Solution is heeded by collaboration of R–K and shooting procedure. The impact of flow-controlling parameters is interpreted via graphs and tables. The important quantities of engineering interest like heat flux coefficient, skin friction against different parameters are explained in tabulated manner. To make results more credible different range of nanoparticles volumetric fractions (1–4)%, and different shapes of particles like, i.e., triangle, oval, prism, hexagonal, spherical, brick, cylinders, and platelets are considered. It is inferred from investigation that magnitude of heat transfer coefficient has gained optimization against concerning parameters for the platelet shape of nanoparticles. It is revealed that magnitude of wall drag force and heat flux at lower boundary of channel is more inthe case of contraction than to the expansion of channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current communication is designed by keeping in the mind high heat transfer capabilities of nanoliquids with the dispersion of diversified-natured nanoparticles in poorly conducting base liquids. Here, an amalgamation of metallic (Cu) and hybridization of metallic and non-metallic oxide (Cu-TiO2) nanoparticles to uplift thermophysical attributes of water is deliberated. The magnetically affected flow between rotating disks under the impact and permeability aspect is assumed. Empirical relations for effective dynamic viscosity, density, and heat capacitance to show mesmerizing features of obliged nanoparticles are also expressed. In addition, mathematical relations also depend on morphological factors like shape, size, and diameter of inducted nanoparticles. The mathematical formulation of the problem is conceded in the form of a system of ODEs after using similarity transformation on dimensional PDEs. Simulations of the complex coupled differential structure are solved by using a numerical approach by employing shooting and Runge–Kutta procedures jointly. The impact of flow concerning variables on associated distributions is revealed through tabular and graphical manner. Quantities of engineering interest associated with work like wall friction and thermal flux coefficients at walls of the disk are also calculated. It is deduced from an examination that the addition of metallic particles raises heat transfer more than non-metallic particles. A significant impression of magnetic field on shear stress is executed by hybrid nanoparticles along the surface of disks. In addition, elevation in Nusselt number and depreciation in skin friction coefficient is revealed against increasing magnitude of nanoparticle volume fraction. A positive trend in skin friction coefficient is manifested against the increasing magnitude of Reynold number. It is also observed that by increasing the size and shape of hybrid nanoparticles thermal conductivity and viscosity of the base fluid increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current communication candidly explicates the incremental aspect of generated entropy in apermeablesquare enclosure. Porosity aspects are mathematically formulated by Darcy-Forchheimer model, whereas the Lorentz force law is manifested to enclose magnetic field effectiveness. Water is capitalized as base fluid and nanoparticles composed of silver with different nanoparticles volume fractions are obliged. Thermal buoyancy is generated within the flow domain by provision of heat to left boundary. Description about physical modeling of the problem is manipulated in the form of PDEs with boundary constraints. Finite element procedure is used as a solution procedure to sort out the characteristics of flow problem. Variation in thermophysical attributes is presented through stream patterns, isothermal plots against flow contributing variables. Convective heat transfer through boundaries is measured through Nusselt number calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An exertion is executed to explicate thermophysical aspects of viscoelastic fluid flow produced by a nonlinearized stretched surface. Here, viscoelasticity is characterized by Casson fluid model and expressed rheologically in momentum equation. Flow attributes of Casson fluid are thoroughly investigated under transversal magnetized field and along with provision of suction/injection to surface. Flow medium is also considered to be porous. Convective heating is supplied to the surface to depict heat transfer change within the flow domain. Nanosized particles are hanged into the Casson fluid to understand the effectiveness of Brownian motion and thermophoretic forces on the diffusion of particles. Generative chemical reactions are also considered to measure mass transport. Initially, flow narrating differential equations for concerning a problem are attained in differential equations and later on transforming into ordinary differential coupled system via similarity approach. Variations in flow associated distributions against involved parameters are divulged through graphical structures. Wall drag, thermal and mass fluxes are also calculated. Credibility of computing results is tested with the aid of comparison with previously published data in limiting sense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Matrix nanocomposites are high performance materials possessing unusual features along with unique design possibilities. Due to extraordinary thermophysical characteristic contained by these matrix nanocomposites materials they are useful in several areas ranging from packaging to biomedical applications. Being an environment friendly, utilization of nanocomposites offer new technological opportunities for several sectors of aerospace, automotive, electronics and biotechnology. In this regards, current pagination is devoted to analyze thermal features of viscous fluid flow between orthogonally rotating disks with inclusion of metallic matrix nanocomposite (MMNC) and ceramic matrix nanocomposites (CMNC) materials. Morphological aspects of these nanomaterials on flow and heat transfer characteristics has been investigated on hybrid viscous fluid flow. Mathematical structuring of problem along with empirical relations for nanocomposites materials are formulated in the form of partial differential equations and later on converted into ordinary differential expressions by using suitable variables. Solution of constructed coupled differential system is found by collaboration of Runge–Kutta and shooting methods. Variation in skin friction coefficient at lower and upper walls of disks along with measurement about heat transfer rate are calculated against governing physical parameters. Impact of flow concerning variables on axial, radial components of velocity and temperature distribution are also evaluated. Contour plots are also drawn to explore heat and thermal profiles. Comparison and critical analysis of MMNc and CMNc have been presented at lower and upper porous disks. Our computed analysis indicates that hybrid nanofluids show significant influence as compared to simple nanofluids with the permutation of the different shape factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to technology advancement, smart visual sensing required in terms of data transfer capacity, energy-efficiency, security, and computational-efficiency. The high-quality image transmission in visual sensor networks (VSNs) consumes more space, energy, transmission delay which may experience the various security threats. Image compression is a key phase of visual sensing systems that needs to be effective. This motivates us to propose a fast and efficient intelligent image transmission module to achieve the energy-efficiency, minimum delay, and bandwidth utilization. Compressive sensing (CS) introduced to speedily compressed the image to reduces the consumption of energy, time minimization, and efficient bandwidth utilization. However, CS cannot achieve security against the different kinds of threats. Several methods introduced since the last decade to address the security challenges in the CS domain, but efficiency is a key requirement considering the intelligent manufacturing of VSNs. Furthermore, the random variables selected for the CS having the problem of recovering the image quality due to the accumulation of noise. Thus concerning the above challenges, this paper introduced a novel one-way image transmission module in multiple input multiple output that provides secure and energy-efficient with the CS model. The secured transmission in the CS domain proposed using the security matrix which is called a compressed secured matrix and perfect reconstruction with the random matrix measurement in the CS. Experimental results outwards that the intelligent module provides energy-efficient, secured transmission with low computational time as well as a reduced bit error rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work concerns the momentum and heat transmission of the electro-magnetohydrodynamic (E-MHD) boundary layer Darcy-Forchheimer flow of a Sutterby fluid over a linear stretching sheet with slip. The nonlinear equations for the proposed model are analyzed numerically. Suitable techniques are used to transform the coupled nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) conforming to the forced balance law, energy, and concentration equations into a nonlinear coupled system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Numerical solutions of the transformed nonlinear system are obtained using a shooting method, improved by the Cash and Carp coefficients. The influence of important physical variables on the velocity, the temperature, the heat flux coefficient, and the skin-friction coefficient is verified and analyzed through graphs and tables. From the comprehensive analysis of the present work, it is concluded that by intensifying the magnitude of the Hartmann number, the momentum distribution decays, whereas the thermal profile of fluid increases. Furthermore, it is also shown that by aug- menting the values of the momentum slip parameter, the velocity profile diminishes. It is found that the Sutterby fluid model shows shear thickening and shear thinning behaviors. The momentum profile shows that the magnitude of velocity for the shear thickening case is dominant as compared with the shear thinning case. It is also demonstrated that the Sutterby fluid model reduces to a Newtonian model by fixing the fluid parameter to zero. In view of the limiting case, it is established that the surface drag in the case of the Sutterby model shows a trifling pattern as compared with the classical case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the physical and computational aspects of normally applied magnetic field on non-Newtonian Prandtl-Eyring fluid flow over a stretching sheet. The Prandtl-Eyring fluid is a non-Newtonian viscoinelastic fluid model capable of describing zero shear rate viscosity effects. Stretching of a sheet induces the flow (Couette flow). The mathematical formulation of the problem gives a highly non-linear system of partial differential equations. By means of a scaling group of transformations, the partial differential equations are transfigured into ordinary differential equation. The implicit finite difference scheme Keller-Box is implemented to solve the resulting equation. The expression for dimensionless velocity is calculated numerically and inclusive pictures of its physical characteristics are analyzed very concisely and briefly. The influence of different pertinent parameters is displayed via graphs, which are plotted against variation in parameters. Computation of the skin friction coefficient is accomplished, and effects of influential parameters are analyzed via graphs and tables. The accuracy of the present solution is certified by displaying contrast between present and existing literature. It is important to remark that the results have shown excellent agreement up to significant number of digits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional flow of Casson fluid toward an exponentially stretched surface in view of Cattaneo-Christove flux theory is discoursed in current communication. Flow pattern within boundary layer under the effectiveness of magnetic field is also contemplated in the communication. Non-dimensionalized governing expressions are attained through transformation procedure. To anticipate the fascinating features of present work, solution of resulted nonlinear differential system is computed with the collaborated help of shooting scheme and Runge-Kutta method. The influence of involved variables on velocity and temperature fields is scrutinized. Contribution of thermal relaxation is explicitly pointed out. Evaluation of convective heat transfer and friction factor in the fluid flow is visualized through graphs and tables. Additionally, the assurance of present work is affirmed by developing comparison with previous findings in the literature which sets a trade mark for the implementation of numerical approach. It is inferred from the thorough examination of the analysis that present formulation reduces to classical Fourier’s problem by considering Λ=0. Furthermore, decreasing pattern in temperature distribution is depicted in the presence of Cattaneo-Christove flux law as compared to heat transfer due to the Fourier’s law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: An audit of the hospital notes and letters of patients with epilepsy sent to general practitioners was undertaken. Aims: (a) To examine the frequency of important omissions in history taking and role of precipitants in seizure control, (b) to determine whether appropriate investigations had been performed and their results, (c) to assess whether letters sent to GPs contain all the appropriate information and advice, and to evaluate the waiting time for out-patient clinics and investigations. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in a teaching hospital setting. A computerised search of the clinical database of a consultant neurologist was performed on patients with epilepsy. The notes of the first 100 names selected randomly by the computer were analysed. The study period was during the years 1998-2005. Age range was from 17-72 years. The male:female ratio was 1:1. Conclusion: Major deficiencies in documentation were identified in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Associations between plasma cell dyscrasia and peripheral neuropathy were well recognized as early as the 1950s. In 1980, Bardwick coined the acronym POEMS (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M protein and skin changes). Aim: We report a 56-year-old woman who presented with excessive sweating, lethargy, intermittent clawing of fingers and painful limb spasms for 2 years. Clinical examination showed hyperpigmented skin lesions, bilateral pleural effusions and organomegaly. Relevant investigations revealed the presence of sensorimotor polyneuropathy, raised cerebrospinal fluid protein, IgM monoclonal band on serum protein electrophoresis, and reactive bone marrow. The patient was treated with combination therapy which included cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone, and intravenous immunoglobulin with moderate response. Conclusion: Presence of cryoglobulinemia in this case has not been described in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We give a relatively short proof of the fact that the solution set of a nonlocal semilinear differential inclusion is dense in the weak solution set of the corresponding convexified system. Moreover, we prove a similar result for the solutions with continuous pseudoderivatives when the right-hand side is continuous with nonempty convex closed and bounded values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe a 90-year-old woman with right upper limb monoparesis secondary to varicella zoster virus infection as a result of extensive inflammatory involvement of the entire brachial plexus at root level. To our knowledge, this is the first report of entire brachial plexus involvement in a living patient of such advanced age. Despite a delay in presentation and thus initiation of treatment, a favourable clinical response was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]