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This review is devoted to a problem of the impact of low-frequency electromagnetic fields on the productivity of plant seeds. The work discusses the patterns of manifestation of a magnetobiological effect when irradiating seeds, considers the basic laws underlying magnetobiological effects, and discusses the cause-and-effect relationships between the mechanisms and parameters of the action of electromagnetic fields on plants on one hand and the composition of mineral substances and the cellular structure of seeds on the other hand. Based on an analysis of the results of laboratory tests carried out in the fields and in scientific laboratories for the presowing treatment of seeds of various grain and vegetable crops, it is shown that a strict correspondence of the mechanism and kinetics of energy impact with the energy susceptibility of a living plant organism at macromolecular and molecular levels is among the main factors determining the growth of seed germination and the subsequent development into an adult organism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) [1] is a facility under development at LHEP, JINR, aimed to improve the quality of the output parameters of the power system [2] of the NICA Booster and Nuclotron of magnets. The primary part of SMES is a solenoid of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets. One of the ways for studying properties as well as quality control of HTS samples is measuring current-voltage characteristics (CVC) [3]. A test facility has been developed for measuring CVC of HTS tapes, cables and windings for SMES and particle accelerator magnets was developed. This test bench is based on National Instruments equipment [4] and power supplies TDK [5]. The commissioned test facility is described in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The features of the structure and thermal degradation of the compositions of the butadiene–styrene thermoelastoplastic with a biodegradable polymer (polylactide) and surfactants (tetramethylenediethylenetetramine and distearyldimethylammonium chloride) have been studied. Morphology features of the formulations have been studied by means of scanning electron microscopy, whereas thermal and kinetic parameters of the decomposition of the components have been determined by means of thermogravimetry and differential thermogravimetry. Kinetic parameters of thermal decomposition have been calculated using the Freeman‒Carroll, Friedmen‒Ozawa, and Coats‒Redfern models. The decomposition parameters have been calculated using the differential-thermal curve deconvolution into the peaks characterizing the individual components. It has been shown that the introduction of polylactide and surfactants in the butadiene–styrene thermoelastoplastic leads to the change in the kinetics and mechanism of thermal decomposition of the polybutadiene and polystyrene components. Polylactide has decreased the maximum rate of the formulation mass loss in comparison with the individual thermoelastoplastic, whereas the surfactants have decreased it. The influence of the fillers on the kinetics of thermal decomposition is due to their intermolecular interactions with the thermoelastoplastic. It has been shown that the features of thermal decomposition of the filled butadiene–styrene thermoelastoplastic are determined by the lactide localization in the butadiene–styrene matrix around the polystyrene domains, whereas the surfactants are localized in the polylactide and in the butadiene–styrene thermoelastoplastic matrix, including the polystyrene blocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different types of position auctions are considered. A position auction is a mechanism for the allocation of advertising space in search engine results to a user-defined query. Advertisers make bids they are willing to pay the search engine for a click to their website. The search engine determines whose advertisements will get to the page and in what position, based on the bids of all the advertisers. Different types of such auctions are discussed using the example of the Yandex search engine based on the Vickrey-Clarke-Grovesmechanism. The main result is a formalization of the concept of an auction with two-stage ranking and its balance test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews characteristics of human vision from the perspective of the origin and development of life and the role of images in perception of reality. It shows that the human ability to create images led to significant acceleration of evolution. One of the most complex of images is the medical image in X-ray diagnostics. Various physical fields used in X-ray diagnostics allow imaging specific properties of physical objects, hence many times empowering perception of reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews the current state of digital mammography equipment and assesses technical requirements for its functional units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of the X-ray tube focal spot size on radiovisiograph resolution was tested experimentally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adverse effect of X-ray scattering on X-ray image as a result of variation of exposure is discussed. A method for elimination of this effect is suggested. The method is shown to be more effective than X-ray tube raster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main performance specifications of X-ray computer tomographs as a guide to selecting the best tomograph model for special care institutions of different profiles are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design of medical X-ray equipment still poses a number of unsolved problems. The solution of these problems would greatly enhance the diagnostic capacity of X-ray devices and minimize the radiation load on patients. Among the major problems are those presented by the techniques of phase-contrast imaging, backscatter X-ray imaging, and diagnostic spectral analysis of shadow X-ray images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for detection of phase contrast X-ray images is described. The mechanism of detection of phase-contrast X-ray images is suggested and optimum conditions for detection of the described effect are considered. Advantages of microfocal sources for implementation of the method are described. Examples of phase-contrast X-ray images are discussed and areas of their application are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technical Committee TC-411 for Apparatuses and Equipment for Radiation Diagnosis, Therapy, and Dosimetry was established for development of national standards, industrial standards, and international standardization of medical radiation equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New accurate data of the neutron–proton spin-dependent total-cross-section difference ΔσL(np) at the neutron-beam kinetic energies 1.39, 1.69, 1.89, and 1.99 GeV are presented. In general, these data complete the measurements of energy dependence of ΔσL(np) over the Dubna Synchrophasotron energy region. Measurements were carried out at the Synchrophasotron of the Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energies of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. The quasi-monochromatic neutron beam was produced by breakup of extracted polarized deuterons. The deuteron (and hence neutron) polarization direction was flipped every accelerator burst. The initial transverse (with respect to beam momentum) neutron polarization was changed to a longitudinal one and longitudinally polarized neutrons were transmitted through the large proton longitudinally polarized target. The target polarization direction was inverted after one to two days of measurements. Four different combinations of the beam and target parallel and antiparallel polarization directions, both oriented along the neutron-beam momentum, were used at each energy. A fast decrease in –ΔσL(np) with increasing energy above 1.1 GeV and a structure in the energy dependence around 1.8 GeV, first observed from our previous data, seem to be well revealed. The new results are also compared with model predictions and with phase-shift analysis fits. The ΔσL quantities for isosinglet state I = 0, deduced from the measured ΔσL(np) values and known ΔσL(pp) data, are also given. The results of the measurements of unpolarized total cross sections σ0tot(np) at 1.3, 1.4, and 1.5 GeV and σ0tot(nC) at 1.4 and 1.5 GeV are presented as well. These data were obtained using the same apparatus and high-intensity unpolarized deuteron beams extracted either from the Synchrophasotron or from the Nuclotron.© 2005 Pleiades Publishing, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New accurate data on the neutron-proton spin-dependent total cross section difference ΔσL(np) at the neutron beam kinetic energies 1.4, 1.7, 1.9 and 2.0 GeV are presented. A number of physical and methodical results on investigation of an elasticnp→pn charge exchange process over a few GeV region are also presented. Measurements were carried out at the Synchrophasotron and Nuclotron of the Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energies of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New results for the np spin-dependent total cross section difference Δσ p ( np) at neutron beam kinetic energies of 1.59, 1.79 and 2.20 GeV are presented. Measurements of the Δσ p ( np) energy dependence were carried out at the Synchrophasotron of the Laboratory of High Energies of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna. The values of Δσ L were measured as a difference between the np total cross sections for parallel and antiparallel beam and target polarizations, both oriented along the beam momentum. A fast decrease of Δσ p ( np) with increasing energy above 1.1 GeV, as it was first seen from our previous data, was confirmed. The new results are also compared with model predictions and with the phase shift analysis fits. The Δσ L quantities for isosinglet state I=0, deduced from the measured values of Δσ p ( np) and known Δσ p ( pp) data, are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addition of titanium increases the strength and plasticity of Al−Zn−Mg system casting alloys. The alloys with 0.2-0.3% Ti have the best mechanical properties. These alloys strengthen during natural and artificial aging without preliminary hardening. The highest strength is reached after hardening and artificial aging. Fracture of the alloys after heat treatment has a ductile character. Local deformation occurs nonuniformly in the alloys. The alloys are not prone toward general or intergranular corrosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, a new generation of X-ray diagnostic apparatuses (XRDA) for monitoring of output parameters became widely used worldwide. Such XRDA models can be connected directly to a PC to provide calculation, graphical presentation, and storage of XRDA parameters. In 2013, foreign apparatuses for monitoring of output parameters were replaced on the local medical market by domestic XRDA certified in the Russian Federation. Since October 2013, modified UKREKh devices with Hamamatsu S8193 detectors became available from the Scientific-Practical Center of Medical Radiology. The main specifications of the portable autonomous apparatus Cobia and the modified apparatus UKREKh are presented in this work. The competitiveness and efficiency of the modernized UKREKh device in terms of repair and installation are demonstrated as compared to foreign models of radiation kilovoltmeters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problems of quality assurance (QA) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) devices are discussed. The necessity and urgency of creating regulatory and methodological documents ensuring safety of high performance MRI and the development of monitoring methods and accessories such as phantoms to evaluate the quality of the MRI are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Laboratory of High Energies at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, as part of the NICA-MPD [1] project, tests of two prototypes of HTSC current leads prepared at ASIPP institute (Hefei, China) have been performed [2, 3] to measure electric and heat parameters and to search for structural and physical drawbacks. Based on the experimental results, necessary changes are made in the structure of HTSC current leads of the testing stand for the magnetic element testing of the NICA accelerating complex and its basic setups: the Nuclotron, Booster, and Collider. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Color in medical imaging (coloring of monochrome images and parametric coding) is discussed. The disadvantages of color image decoding are noted. In recent years, there has been significant progress in medical color imaging. This has raised the problem of decoding of color images. In addition to conventional imaging methods, the goal of this work was to discuss the parametric method of visualization of hidden color images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Specifications of kilovoltmeters used in modern X-ray diagnostic apparatuses are discussed. A modified PC-aided version of the UKREKh radiation kilovoltmeter is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current state and trends in the development of Russian radiologic equipment during the period of transition to digital technology is discussed. The problems of supply of medical organizations, production of X-ray apparatuses, and research and education are considered. Approaches to bridging the gap separating domestic radiology from that of highly developed countries are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problems of the necessity and sufficiency of technical upgrade of domestic healthcare service are discussed. Suggestions for an increase in the efficiency of new X-ray apparatuses are presented. Necessary normative documents for equipment for polyclinics and hospitals are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Specific features of biomedical imaging in modern medicine are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on aspects of practical application. Modern trends in radiation diagnosis are associated with digital engineering. Digital medical imaging is widely used in various areas of modern medicine. The demand for imported digital imaging apparatuses is considered. Diagnostic information and corresponding software require unification and standardization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The supportive care programme in St. Petersburg has existed for more than 10 years and works mainly with breast cancer patients. It includes physical procedures, psychotherapy and support given by volunteers of the Hope/ Nadezhda Association, who operate in accordance with the Reach to Recovery International Programme. In the last stages the pain relief service is activated and has good results. The Anticancer/Antirak Society in St. Petersburg provides cancer patients with help and information. Our experience with this kind of care is described and some outcomes are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]