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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of diabetic retinopathy (DR) on longitudinal morphological changes in AMD-associated type 1 macular neovascularization using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). We enrolled fifty treatment-naïve eyes with a diagnosis of exudative AMD and type 1 MNV. Twenty of 50 eyes were affected by mild DR. En face OCT angiography were examined for the MNV lesion area (mm2), the MNV flow area (mm2), the central macular thickness (CMT) and the BCVA. The OCTA acquisition was performed at the following visits: (i) before the loading phase (LP) of intravitreal injection of aflibercept (T1), and (ii) 1 month after the last intravitreal injection of loading phase comprising 3 monthly injections (T2). All morpho-functional parameters showed a significantly change at T2 compared to T1 values in both groups. Furthermore, we found a greater MNV area reduction after LP in eyes without DR (P = 0.023). With regard to the remaining parameters, no significant changes were found between two groups (P > 0.05). Our analysis revealed a less MNV area reduction after loading dose of anti-VEGF therapy in eyes affected by diabetic retinopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Posterior uveitis represents the second most frequent type of uveitis (15–30% of all uveitis). Noninfectious posterior uveitis complicated with secondary cystoid macular edema (CME) affects the visual prognosis negatively. The objective of the current study is to detect possible microvascular changes causing relapsing uveitis-related CME using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: This is an interventional, observational, retrospective study with 1 year follow-up. Patients with noninfectious, posterior uveitis-related CME undergoing dexamethasone (DEX) implant were evaluated. Following the DEX-implant were carried out control visits after 1 month, 2-months, 4-months, 6-months, and for up 1-year. A total of 76 eyes of 38 consecutive patients with noninfectious posterior uveitis were enrolled (consecutive sample). Complicated noninfectious posterior uveitis with secondary CME was diagnosed in 56 eyes of uveitis patients (73.7%) and reviewed. Results: Our investigation showed (1) a reduction in superficial vessel plexus (SVP) measurements within 2-month (84%), reaching 96.4% for up 1-year, (2) an irregular profile of SVP in 69.6% of cases, persisting for up 1-year; relapsing uveitis-related CME eyes with irregular superficial foveal avascular zone (FAZ) profile were in 51%, while the SVP measurements reestablished in 100% of cases. Conversely, (3) the deep vascular plexus (DVP) parameters restored in a lower number of eyes within the 2-month (39.3%), remaining abnormal in 46.4% of cases for up 1-year; despite DVP restored in 53.6% of cases for up 1 year, (4) a capillary rarefaction ring around the FAZ appeared in 80.4% of cases; the relapsing uveitis-related CME eyes with abnormal DVP parameters were present in 41% of cases, of which 92.1% showed a rarefaction ring had abnormal DVP. Conclusions: The use of OCTA enabled the evaluation in detail of retinal microvascular changes. We suggested that the possibility of the recurrence of the uveitis-related CME depends on the persistence of modifications of the superficial and deep layers. In this regard, we propose to implement the current imaging armamentarium with OCTA for the follow-up of patients with noninfectious uveitis-related CME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the mid-term safety and effectiveness of intravitreal dexamethasone implant (DEX-i) for treating unresponsive to medical therapy cystoid macular edema (CME) in vitrectomized eyes for endophthalmitis. Methods: Retrospective and interventional case series study conducted on vitrectomized eyes for endophthalmitis that developed a CME that did not adequately respond to medical therapy, who underwent 0.7-mg DEX-i. Main outcome measures were changes in central retinal thickness (CRT) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Results: Eleven eyes were included in the study. Microbiological findings of vitreous biopsies were 7 (63.6%) staphylococcus epidermidis; 3 (27.3%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and 1 (9.1%) Propionibacterium acnes. Median (interquartile range, IqR) duration of CME was 4.0 (3.0–4.0) months. Median (IqR) time between vitrectomy and DEX-i was 9.0 (9.0–11.0) months. Median CRT was significantly decreased from 548.0 (412.8–572.5) µm at baseline to 308.0 (281.3–365.5) µm at month 6 (p = 0.0009, Friedman test). Median BCVA significantly improved from 38.0 (30.5–44.8) letters at baseline to 50.0 (46.8–53.0) letters at month 6 (p < 0.0001, Friedman), with 9 (81.8%) eyes gaining ≥ 10 letters. Elevation of intraocular pressure was observed in one (9.1%) eye, which was successfully controlled with medical therapy. No recurrence of endophthalmitis or other complications was observed. Eight (72.7%) eyes required an additional DEX-i, while 3 (27.3%) were successfully controlled with only one DEX-i. CME recurrence occurred in 5 (62.5%) Gram-positive and 3 (100.0%) Gram-negative bacteria (p = 0.2357). Conclusion: In vitrectomized eyes for endophthalmitis affected by CME unresponsive to medical therapy, DEX-i had an acceptable safety profile and achieved favorable outcomes. The possibility of suppressing mechanisms for infection control should be taken into account, although correct management of endophthalmitis and long time without reactivation before DEX-i reduce the risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The principles of the Lean methodology, introduced by Toyota to improve productivity, are relevant to other settings, including healthcare. We aimed to use Lean methodology to design a new setting in our ophthalmology clinic to improve the management of patients receiving an intravitreal injection for ocular diseases. Methods: The location of services, days of operation, scheduling and processing of patients, utilization of staff, data recording methods, and examination and surgical procedures were analyzed, and a new Intravitreal Injection Center was developed according to Lean principles. Results: The new setting, which is confined to a single floor, in contrast to the previous system, which necessitated that patients visit various locations spread over three floors of the hospital, demonstrated benefits for patients and improved the flow and management of patients through the system with a need for fewer team members. The intravitreal injection service improved with regard to both the quality and speed of the overall procedure and the efficient use of staff. Conclusion: Our aim to achieve a fast and one-way route to move patients through intravitreal injection administration was achieved, limiting any waste of time and space and improving the capacity management of the center. The system is of relevance to other ophthalmology clinic settings and facilitates the collection of valuable epidemiological and clinical information on the response of patients to different drugs and treatment regimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-fluence-rate photodynamic therapy (LFPDT) to treat choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) secondary to pathological myopia (PM). Twenty-five eyes with CNV in PM underwent LFPDT, with a standard dose of verteporfin and timing but adopting fluence and irradiance rates reduced to 25 mJ/cm2 and 300 mW/cm2, respectively. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was measured and biomicroscopy and fluorescein angiography (FA) were evaluated. Particular attention was paid to choroidal hypoperfusion, and to changes (depigmentation/atrophy) at the RPE level in areas exposed to laser light. After a mean follow-up of 13.4 ± 2.46 months (range: 12–21), and 1.37 ± 0.66 treatments (range: 1–3), BCVA was stable in 29 (91%) eyes. Two (6%) patients gained more than three lines and one (3%) eye lost more than three lines. Mean greatest linear dimension did not change significantly ( p = 0.08) at the end of follow-up. RPE depigmentation was present in six eyes (18%) and no patient showed RPE atrophy. LFPDT is effective and safe for CNV secondary to PM treatment, stabilizing visual acuity and lesion size and determining only mild RPE changes. Further controlled studies are needed to demonstrate the long-term efficacy and safety of this treatment option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose State Gentamicin antibiotic prophylaxis is contraindicated in 25 gauge Transconjunctival Sutureless Vitrectomy. Methods A 75-year-old diabetic woman was affected by glaucoma and mild diabetic retinopathy in both eyes, and epiretinal membrane in the left eye. A 25-gauge Transconjunctival Sutureless Vitrectomy (TSV) was performed with self-sealing transconjunctival scletomies of the left eye. Post-operation antibiotic prophylaxis was obtained by subconconjunctival injection of Gentamicin sulfate (0.4 mg/ml) adjacent to scletomies. Results A month after the operation visual acuity had not recovered. Fluorescein angiography detected occlusion of perifoveal capillaries. Conclusion Antibiotics, in particular gentamicin, have the potential to cause significant ocular toxicity when they gain access to the inside of the eye, through thinned sclera or sutureless sclerotomies of TSV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the visual and anatomical results of navigated subthreshold micropulse laser (nSML) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).Patients who underwent either half-dose PDT or nSML for the management of chronic CSCR were included in this study. Comprehensive ophthalmic examination, fundus autofluorescence, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were performed at baseline and at 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up visits after nSML or PDT. Fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography were performed only at baseline. Main outcome measures were best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), subretinal fluid (SRF), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and choroidal vascularization index (CVI) that were collected at baseline and at each follow-up visit for up to 6 months.Forty-two eyes of 42 patients (PDT group-20 eyes, nSML group-22 eyes) affected by chronic CSCR were enrolled. At 6-month follow-up, no significant differences were observed between the nSML group compared to the PDT group in BCVA (0.10 [0.00; 0.20]) and 0.10 [0.10; 0.10], respectively, p=0.69, and between some OCT parameters, namely CMT and CVI. SFCT was significantly reduced in the PDT group more than in the nSML group (p=0.01). Twelve eyes (60%) in the PDT group had complete resolution of the SRF at 6 months compared to 8 eyes (36.4%) in the nSML group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.14).Results from patients treated with PDT and nSML showed that, at 6 months, no significant differences except for choroidal thickness. nSML is less invasive than PDT and can be used as an effective alternative to PDT.Treating chronic CSCR is a therapeutic conundrum for clinicians because of a lack of definitive consensus over remediation options, two of which are photodynamic therapy (PDT) and navigated subthreshold micropulse laser (nSML) therapy.Treating chronic CSCR is a therapeutic conundrum for clinicians because of a lack of definitive consensus over remediation options, two of which are photodynamic therapy (PDT) and navigated subthreshold micropulse laser (nSML) therapy.Results from patients treated with PDT and nSML showed no significant differences except for choroidal thickness.Even though patients treated with PDT recovered more quickly, retreatment was necessary due to fluid recollection.Although patients treated with nSML also needed retreatment, nSML is less invasive than PDT and can be used as an effective alternative to PDT.Results from patients treated with PDT and nSML showed no significant differences except for choroidal thickness.Even though patients treated with PDT recovered more quickly, retreatment was necessary due to fluid recollection.Although patients treated with nSML also needed retreatment, nSML is less invasive than PDT and can be used as an effective alternative to PDT.Methods: To compare the visual and anatomical results of navigated subthreshold micropulse laser (nSML) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).Patients who underwent either half-dose PDT or nSML for the management of chronic CSCR were included in this study. Comprehensive ophthalmic examination, fundus autofluorescence, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were performed at baseline and at 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up visits after nSML or PDT. Fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography were performed only at baseline. Main outcome measures were best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), subretinal fluid (SRF), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and choroidal vascularization index (CVI) that were collected at baseline and at each follow-up visit for up to 6 months.Forty-two eyes of 42 patients (PDT group-20 eyes, nSML group-22 eyes) affected by chronic CSCR were enrolled. At 6-month follow-up, no significant differences were observed between the nSML group compared to the PDT group in BCVA (0.10 [0.00; 0.20]) and 0.10 [0.10; 0.10], respectively, p=0.69, and between some OCT parameters, namely CMT and CVI. SFCT was significantly reduced in the PDT group more than in the nSML group (p=0.01). Twelve eyes (60%) in the PDT group had complete resolution of the SRF at 6 months compared to 8 eyes (36.4%) in the nSML group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.14).Results from patients treated with PDT and nSML showed that, at 6 months, no significant differences except for choroidal thickness. nSML is less invasive than PDT and can be used as an effective alternative to PDT.Treating chronic CSCR is a therapeutic conundrum for clinicians because of a lack of definitive consensus over remediation options, two of which are photodynamic therapy (PDT) and navigated subthreshold micropulse laser (nSML) therapy.Treating chronic CSCR is a therapeutic conundrum for clinicians because of a lack of definitive consensus over remediation options, two of which are photodynamic therapy (PDT) and navigated subthreshold micropulse laser (nSML) therapy.Results from patients treated with PDT and nSML showed no significant differences except for choroidal thickness.Even though patients treated with PDT recovered more quickly, retreatment was necessary due to fluid recollection.Although patients treated with nSML also needed retreatment, nSML is less invasive than PDT and can be used as an effective alternative to PDT.Results from patients treated with PDT and nSML showed no significant differences except for choroidal thickness.Even though patients treated with PDT recovered more quickly, retreatment was necessary due to fluid recollection.Although patients treated with nSML also needed retreatment, nSML is less invasive than PDT and can be used as an effective alternative to PDT.Results: To compare the visual and anatomical results of navigated subthreshold micropulse laser (nSML) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).Patients who underwent either half-dose PDT or nSML for the management of chronic CSCR were included in this study. Comprehensive ophthalmic examination, fundus autofluorescence, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were performed at baseline and at 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up visits after nSML or PDT. Fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography were performed only at baseline. Main outcome measures were best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), subretinal fluid (SRF), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and choroidal vascularization index (CVI) that were collected at baseline and at each follow-up visit for up to 6 months.Forty-two eyes of 42 patients (PDT group-20 eyes, nSML group-22 eyes) affected by chronic CSCR were enrolled. At 6-month follow-up, no significant differences were observed between the nSML group compared to the PDT group in BCVA (0.10 [0.00; 0.20]) and 0.10 [0.10; 0.10], respectively, p=0.69, and between some OCT parameters, namely CMT and CVI. SFCT was significantly reduced in the PDT group more than in the nSML group (p=0.01). Twelve eyes (60%) in the PDT group had complete resolution of the SRF at 6 months compared to 8 eyes (36.4%) in the nSML group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.14).Results from patients treated with PDT and nSML showed that, at 6 months, no significant differences except for choroidal thickness. nSML is less invasive than PDT and can be used as an effective alternative to PDT.Treating chronic CSCR is a therapeutic conundrum for clinicians because of a lack of definitive consensus over remediation options, two of which are photodynamic therapy (PDT) and navigated subthreshold micropulse laser (nSML) therapy.Treating chronic CSCR is a therapeutic conundrum for clinicians because of a lack of definitive consensus over remediation options, two of which are photodynamic therapy (PDT) and navigated subthreshold micropulse laser (nSML) therapy.Results from patients treated with PDT and nSML showed no significant differences except for choroidal thickness.Even though patients treated with PDT recovered more quickly, retreatment was necessary due to fluid recollection.Although patients treated with nSML also needed retreatment, nSML is less invasive than PDT and can be used as an effective alternative to PDT.Results from patients treated with PDT and nSML showed no significant differences except for choroidal thickness.Even though patients treated with PDT recovered more quickly, retreatment was necessary due to fluid recollection.Although patients treated with nSML also needed retreatment, nSML is less invasive than PDT and can be used as an effective alternative to PDT.Conclusion: To compare the visual and anatomical results of navigated subthreshold micropulse laser (nSML) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).Patients who underwent either half-dose PDT or nSML for the management of chronic CSCR were included in this study. Comprehensive ophthalmic examination, fundus autofluorescence, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were performed at baseline and at 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up visits after nSML or PDT. Fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography were performed only at baseline. Main outcome measures were best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), subretinal fluid (SRF), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and choroidal vascularization index (CVI) that were collected at baseline and at each follow-up visit for up to 6 months.Forty-two eyes of 42 patients (PDT group-20 eyes, nSML group-22 eyes) affected by chronic CSCR were enrolled. At 6-month follow-up, no significant differences were observed between the nSML group compared to the PDT group in BCVA (0.10 [0.00; 0.20]) and 0.10 [0.10; 0.10], respectively, p=0.69, and between some OCT parameters, namely CMT and CVI. SFCT was significantly reduced in the PDT group more than in the nSML group (p=0.01). Twelve eyes (60%) in the PDT group had complete resolution of the SRF at 6 months compared to 8 eyes (36.4%) in the nSML group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.14).Results from patients treated with PDT and nSML showed that, at 6 months, no significant differences except for choroidal thickness. nSML is less invasive than PDT and can be used as an effective alternative to PDT.Treating chronic CSCR is a therapeutic conundrum for clinicians because of a lack of definitive consensus over remediation options, two of which are photodynamic therapy (PDT) and navigated subthreshold micropulse laser (nSML) therapy.Treating chronic CSCR is a therapeutic conundrum for clinicians because of a lack of definitive consensus over remediation options, two of which are photodynamic therapy (PDT) and navigated subthreshold micropulse laser (nSML) therapy.Results from patients treated with PDT and nSML showed no significant differences except for choroidal thickness.Even though patients treated with PDT recovered more quickly, retreatment was necessary due to fluid recollection.Although patients treated with nSML also needed retreatment, nSML is less invasive than PDT and can be used as an effective alternative to PDT.Results from patients treated with PDT and nSML showed no significant differences except for choroidal thickness.Even though patients treated with PDT recovered more quickly, retreatment was necessary due to fluid recollection.Although patients treated with nSML also needed retreatment, nSML is less invasive than PDT and can be used as an effective alternative to PDT.Key Messages: To compare the visual and anatomical results of navigated subthreshold micropulse laser (nSML) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).Patients who underwent either half-dose PDT or nSML for the management of chronic CSCR were included in this study. Comprehensive ophthalmic examination, fundus autofluorescence, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were performed at baseline and at 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up visits after nSML or PDT. Fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography were performed only at baseline. Main outcome measures were best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), subretinal fluid (SRF), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and choroidal vascularization index (CVI) that were collected at baseline and at each follow-up visit for up to 6 months.Forty-two eyes of 42 patients (PDT group-20 eyes, nSML group-22 eyes) affected by chronic CSCR were enrolled. At 6-month follow-up, no significant differences were observed between the nSML group compared to the PDT group in BCVA (0.10 [0.00; 0.20]) and 0.10 [0.10; 0.10], respectively, p=0.69, and between some OCT parameters, namely CMT and CVI. SFCT was significantly reduced in the PDT group more than in the nSML group (p=0.01). Twelve eyes (60%) in the PDT group had complete resolution of the SRF at 6 months compared to 8 eyes (36.4%) in the nSML group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.14).Results from patients treated with PDT and nSML showed that, at 6 months, no significant differences except for choroidal thickness. nSML is less invasive than PDT and can be used as an effective alternative to PDT.Treating chronic CSCR is a therapeutic conundrum for clinicians because of a lack of definitive consensus over remediation options, two of which are photodynamic therapy (PDT) and navigated subthreshold micropulse laser (nSML) therapy.Treating chronic CSCR is a therapeutic conundrum for clinicians because of a lack of definitive consensus over remediation options, two of which are photodynamic therapy (PDT) and navigated subthreshold micropulse laser (nSML) therapy.Results from patients treated with PDT and nSML showed no significant differences except for choroidal thickness.Even though patients treated with PDT recovered more quickly, retreatment was necessary due to fluid recollection.Although patients treated with nSML also needed retreatment, nSML is less invasive than PDT and can be used as an effective alternative to PDT.Results from patients treated with PDT and nSML showed no significant differences except for choroidal thickness.Even though patients treated with PDT recovered more quickly, retreatment was necessary due to fluid recollection.Although patients treated with nSML also needed retreatment, nSML is less invasive than PDT and can be used as an effective alternative to PDT.: To compare the visual and anatomical results of navigated subthreshold micropulse laser (nSML) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).Patients who underwent either half-dose PDT or nSML for the management of chronic CSCR were included in this study. Comprehensive ophthalmic examination, fundus autofluorescence, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were performed at baseline and at 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up visits after nSML or PDT. Fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography were performed only at baseline. Main outcome measures were best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), subretinal fluid (SRF), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and choroidal vascularization index (CVI) that were collected at baseline and at each follow-up visit for up to 6 months.Forty-two eyes of 42 patients (PDT group-20 eyes, nSML group-22 eyes) affected by chronic CSCR were enrolled. At 6-month follow-up, no significant differences were observed between the nSML group compared to the PDT group in BCVA (0.10 [0.00; 0.20]) and 0.10 [0.10; 0.10], respectively, p=0.69, and between some OCT parameters, namely CMT and CVI. SFCT was significantly reduced in the PDT group more than in the nSML group (p=0.01). Twelve eyes (60%) in the PDT group had complete resolution of the SRF at 6 months compared to 8 eyes (36.4%) in the nSML group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.14).Results from patients treated with PDT and nSML showed that, at 6 months, no significant differences except for choroidal thickness. nSML is less invasive than PDT and can be used as an effective alternative to PDT.Treating chronic CSCR is a therapeutic conundrum for clinicians because of a lack of definitive consensus over remediation options, two of which are photodynamic therapy (PDT) and navigated subthreshold micropulse laser (nSML) therapy.Treating chronic CSCR is a therapeutic conundrum for clinicians because of a lack of definitive consensus over remediation options, two of which are photodynamic therapy (PDT) and navigated subthreshold micropulse laser (nSML) therapy.Results from patients treated with PDT and nSML showed no significant differences except for choroidal thickness.Even though patients treated with PDT recovered more quickly, retreatment was necessary due to fluid recollection.Although patients treated with nSML also needed retreatment, nSML is less invasive than PDT and can be used as an effective alternative to PDT.Results from patients treated with PDT and nSML showed no significant differences except for choroidal thickness.Even though patients treated with PDT recovered more quickly, retreatment was necessary due to fluid recollection.Although patients treated with nSML also needed retreatment, nSML is less invasive than PDT and can be used as an effective alternative to PDT.: To compare the visual and anatomical results of navigated subthreshold micropulse laser (nSML) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).Patients who underwent either half-dose PDT or nSML for the management of chronic CSCR were included in this study. Comprehensive ophthalmic examination, fundus autofluorescence, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were performed at baseline and at 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up visits after nSML or PDT. Fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography were performed only at baseline. Main outcome measures were best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), subretinal fluid (SRF), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and choroidal vascularization index (CVI) that were collected at baseline and at each follow-up visit for up to 6 months.Forty-two eyes of 42 patients (PDT group-20 eyes, nSML group-22 eyes) affected by chronic CSCR were enrolled. At 6-month follow-up, no significant differences were observed between the nSML group compared to the PDT group in BCVA (0.10 [0.00; 0.20]) and 0.10 [0.10; 0.10], respectively, p=0.69, and between some OCT parameters, namely CMT and CVI. SFCT was significantly reduced in the PDT group more than in the nSML group (p=0.01). Twelve eyes (60%) in the PDT group had complete resolution of the SRF at 6 months compared to 8 eyes (36.4%) in the nSML group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.14).Results from patients treated with PDT and nSML showed that, at 6 months, no significant differences except for choroidal thickness. nSML is less invasive than PDT and can be used as an effective alternative to PDT.Treating chronic CSCR is a therapeutic conundrum for clinicians because of a lack of definitive consensus over remediation options, two of which are photodynamic therapy (PDT) and navigated subthreshold micropulse laser (nSML) therapy.Treating chronic CSCR is a therapeutic conundrum for clinicians because of a lack of definitive consensus over remediation options, two of which are photodynamic therapy (PDT) and navigated subthreshold micropulse laser (nSML) therapy.Results from patients treated with PDT and nSML showed no significant differences except for choroidal thickness.Even though patients treated with PDT recovered more quickly, retreatment was necessary due to fluid recollection.Although patients treated with nSML also needed retreatment, nSML is less invasive than PDT and can be used as an effective alternative to PDT.Results from patients treated with PDT and nSML showed no significant differences except for choroidal thickness.Even though patients treated with PDT recovered more quickly, retreatment was necessary due to fluid recollection.Although patients treated with nSML also needed retreatment, nSML is less invasive than PDT and can be used as an effective alternative to PDT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]