15 results on '"Capsicum frutescens"'
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2. Unravelling the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Indian Capsicum through fluorescent banding.
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Jha, Timir Baran and Bhowmick, Biplab Kumar
- Abstract
Hot chilli species of Capsicum are one of the most significant spice crops in India having several genetically distinct cultivars. The present study was targeted to upgrade chromosomal database of 15 cultivars belonging to C. annuum L., C. frutescens L. and C. chinense Jacq. EMA-based fluorochrome banding with GC-specific stain Chromomycin A3 (CMA) was elemental to reveal specialization in karyotypes that could not be traced out by Giemsa-stained preparations. CMA banding pattern was combined with karyomorphometric indices to statistically evaluate chromosomal relationship among the cultivars. The marker chromosome pairs 11 and 12 containing nucleolar CMA bands could be suggested as the evolutionary landmarks in 'C. annuum complex'. We found direct correspondence between fruit morphotype variation and CMA banding pattern to demonstrate maximum genetic diversity within C. annuum, followed by C. frutescens while Bhut jolokia of C. chinense displayed genetic uniformity. UPGMA phenogram upheld distinct species separation, cultivar diversity and relationships within and among the species. Out of nine C. annuum cultivars, at least two cultivars showed some sort of genetic relationship with C. chinense, particularly the Ghee cultivar shares more proximity with C. chinense. The fluorescent karyotype database reliably symbolized uniqueness of Capsicum germplasm of India, especially from the NEH sector that grows Bhut jolokia. Our attempt is believed to complement genomic investigation in the popular and exotic chilli cultivars of India and interest breeders in search of alternative genetic resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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3. Seaweed extract as natural priming agent for augmenting seed quality traits and yield in Capsicum frutescens L.
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Dutta, Sudip Kumar, Layek, Jayanta, Akoijam, R. S., Boopathi, T., Vanlalhmangaiha, Saha, Saurav, Singh, S. B., Lungmuana, and Prakash, N.
- Abstract
Chilli growers across the world face the problem of seed germination, nursery raising and field establishment of the crop. The present study investigates the use of liquid seaweed extract (SWE) of Kappaphycus alvarezii (K-sap) and Gracilaria edulis (G-sap) as seed priming agent for Capsicum frutescens. The aims of the study were (1) to investigate the effects of seaweed extract priming at various concentration and duration on germination and seedling vigour of C. frutescens seeds, (2) to determine the possible effect of seaweed extract priming on the physiological and biochemical changes of in the seeds, and (3) to study the morphological traits of seedling and changes in the reproductive traits after priming treatments. Priming significantly improved germination percentage, mean germination time, vigour index and seedling weight. Moreover, we studied the electrolyte leakage, total phenol, DPPH assay and ABTS assay of both primed and non-primed seeds. Morphological traits of seedling and changes in the reproductive traits after priming treatments were found to be significantly improved upon priming. We used PCA biplots for separation of the priming treatments by using seedling traits. Overall we recommended the treatments P21 (K-sap; 1:100 for 48 h), P16 (K-sap; 1:25 for 72 h), P6 (K-sap; 1:1 for 48 h), P42 (G-sap; 1:25 for 48 h), P35 (G-sap; 1:5 for 24 h) and P37 (G-sap; 1:5 for 72 h) for improving the germination, storability and higher fruit yield in C. frutescens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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4. Beneficial Changes in Capsicum frutescens Due to Priming by Plant Probiotic Burkholderia spp.
- Author
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Sabu, Rohini, Aswani, R., Nidheesh, K. S., Ray, J.G., Remakanthan, A., and Radhakrishnan, E. K.
- Abstract
Plant probiotic mechanisms of endophytic microorganisms are highly remarkable as it play key role in growth and health of plants. Even though Burkholderia spp. have been studied for their role in plant growth and disease management, report on their field performance is very limited. Hence, the objective of the study was to investigate the plant probiotic performance of selected Burkholderia spp. on Capsicum frutescens. The results of the study showed bacterial influence on growth of C. frutescens with remarkable induction of early flowering and fruiting. Most interestingly, the plants treated with Burkholderia strains, ZoB74 and ZoB82 were found to have limited infestation with Bemisia tabaci. However, the control plants and those treated with Burkholderia ZoB86 were observed to have stunted growth with crumpled and curled leaves with no flowers or fruits. Hence, the study confirmed the strain specific potential of Burkholderia spp. in triggering the early flowering and fruiting in C. frutescens with associated protection from insect attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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5. Analysis of triacylglycerides, carotenoids and capsaicinoids as disposable molecules from Capsicum agroindustry.
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Penagos-Calvete, Diana, Guauque-Medina, Jonathan, Villegas-Torres, María Francisca, and Montoya, Guillermo
- Abstract
Capsicum is currently one of the highest value vegetable crops due its richness in vitamins and antioxidants and is frequently commercialized as fresh fruit, dry crushed pepper, paprika oleoresin or pepper paste. The chemical content comprises carotenoids, flavonoids, lipid molecules like fatty acids, triacylglycerides and capsaicinoids as its principal chemotaxonomic markers. However, triacylglycerides and carotenoids are no frequently taken into analytical spectrometric methods due to nonvolatile and extreme low polarity properties. Those molecules are usually extracted and commercialized as oleoresin, and there are gaining attention because it helps to combat nutrient deficiencies. This study monitors the behavior of the pungency value in two real industrial productive crops of Capsicum frutescens (tabasco) and Capsicum annuum (cayenne) during a complete harvest period. A comparison of chemical carotenoid and triacylglycerides profile was carried out by UPLC–PDA–ESI–MS between Capsicum frutescens (tabasco), Capsicum chinense (habanero), Capsicum annuum (jalapeño), and Capsicum annuum (serrano) in two different ripening stages. The authors' main finding is a strong correlation between plant age and pungency level independent of the size and dehydration state of the fruits. The major carotenoid content was founded in red Tabasco variety, and 12 triacylglycerides and 10 esterified carotenoids are reported along the all fruits treated. Our results present an important and alternative finding for agro-industrial chili pepper producers and marketers who need to better understand the behavior of the pungency value as the principal quality feature, and to discover added-value chemicals like TAG and carotenoids in their products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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6. Two predatory mite species as potential control agents of broad mites.
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Rodríguez-Cruz, Fredy, Janssen, Arne, Pallini, Angelo, Duarte, Marcus, Pinto, Cleide, and Venzon, Madelaine
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The broad mite is a key pest of various crops worldwide, including chili pepper ( Capsicum frutescens), where it is controlled with chemical pesticides. Two phytoseiid predators ( Amblyseius herbicolus and Neoseiulus barkeri) and a blattisociid mite species ( Lasioseius floridensis) occur in association with the broad mite in Brazil. Predation of broad mites and oviposition rates of A. herbicolus were higher than those of N. barkeri and lowest for L. floridensis. On intact plants, both phytoseiids controlled broad mite populations seven days after their release. In a separate experiment, the predators controlled broad mites on flowering plants during 15 days. After two months, plants with predators produced heavier fruits than plants without predators. Concluding, these two phytoseiid species can control broad mites on chili peppers plants at different densities and over time, reducing production losses, and should be evaluated under field conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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7. Characterization of some Indian Himalayan Capsicums through floral morphology and EMA-based chromosome analysis.
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Jha, Timir and Saha, Partha
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PEPPERS , *FLORAL morphology , *CHROMOSOME analysis - Abstract
The North Eastern Himalayan (NEH) regions of India are considered as one of the major repositories of the ' Capsicum annuum complex' which comprises of three cultivated species namely C. annuum, C. frutescens, and C. chinense. The interspecific delimitation within this large complex is ill-defined due to poorly developed crossing barriers and lack of discontinuous morphological characters. The present study elucidates the relationship among nine different cultivars of three Capsicum species on the basis of floral morphology and karyological parameters for the first time. Different floral characteristics such as margins and constrictions of calyx, type of pedicel, flower size, and color were found to have paramount importance in the species delimitation within the studied members of ' C. annuum complex.' The present karyomorphometric study explicitly revealed differences between the observed chromosomal data such as karyotype formulae, ordering of satellite bearing chromosome pairs and total diploid chromatin length which aid in resolving interspecific relationship among the studied cultivars of Capsicum. The present analyses unambiguously distinguished all cultivars of C. annuum from the members of C. frutescens and C. chinense and also proposed that among the five cultivars of C. annuum, Ghee lanka was comparatively distant from the other four cultivars on the basis of their karyomorphological characteristics. For the first time karyotype of hottest Indian chili is included in this paper. Comprehensive knowledge on floral morphology and karyotypes of some Himalayan Capsicums not only help to conserve genetic diversity but also help capsicum breeders for their basic and applied research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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8. Description of the Asian chili pod gall midge, Asphondylia capsicicola sp. n., with comparative notes on Asphondylia gennadii (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) that induces the same sort of pod gall on the same host plant species in the Mediterranean region.
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Uechi, Nami, Yukawa, Junichi, Tokuda, Makoto, Maryana, Nina, Ganaha-Kikumura, Tomoko, and Kim, Wanggyu
- Abstract
A new species of the genus Asphondylia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) that infests pods of chili, Capsicum annuum L. and Capsicum frutescens L. (Solanaceae), is described as Asphondylia capsicicola sp. n. based on specimens collected from Indonesia and Vietnam. The new species is similar to Asphondylia gennadii (Marchal) (= Asphondylia capsici) that induces chili pod galls in the Mediterranean region, but is distinguishable from it by the morphological features of pupa such as the nonlinear arrangement of the lower frontal horns, and the narrower longitudinal band of transverse wrinkles on the tergite of the mesothorax. Differences between the two species in the DNA sequencing data were 69 bp (16%) to 77 bp (19%) among 413 bp of the partial cytochrome oxidase subunit I region examined, supporting the morphological identification. This is one of the examples in which two congeners induce the same sort of gall on the same host plant organ and species, which means that the two species are not distinguishable based solely on gall shape and host plant information, unlike many other gall midges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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9. Bioengineering of the Plant Culture of Capsicum frutescens with Vanillin Synthase Gene for the Production of Vanillin.
- Author
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Chee, Marcus, Lycett, Grantley, Khoo, Teng-Jin, and Chin, Chiew
- Abstract
Production of vanillin by bioengineering has gained popularity due to consumer demand toward vanillin produced by biological systems. Natural vanillin from vanilla beans is very expensive to produce compared to its synthetic counterpart. Current bioengineering works mainly involve microbial biotechnology. Therefore, alternative means to the current approaches are constantly being explored. This work describes the use of vanillin synthase ( VpVAN), to bioconvert ferulic acid to vanillin in a plant system. The VpVAN enzyme had been shown to directly convert ferulic acid and its glucoside into vanillin and its glucoside, respectively. As the ferulic acid precursor and vanillin were found to be the intermediates in the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway of Capsicum species, this work serves as a proof-of-concept for vanillin production using Capsicum frutescens ( C. frutescens or hot chili pepper). The cells of C. frutescens were genetically transformed with a codon optimized VpVAN gene via biolistics. Transformed explants were selected and regenerated into callus. Successful integration of the gene cassette into the plant genome was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to quantify the phenolic compounds detected in the callus tissues. The vanillin content of transformed calli was 0.057% compared to 0.0003% in untransformed calli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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10. A low-pungency S3212 genotype of Capsicum frutescens caused by a mutation in the putative aminotransferase ( p- AMT) gene.
- Author
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Park, Young-Jun, Nishikawa, Tomotaro, Minami, Mineo, Nemoto, Kazuhiro, Iwasaki, Tomohiro, and Matsushima, Kenichi
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PUNGENCY , *TABASCO pepper , *AMINOTRANSFERASES , *CAPSAICINOIDS , *HIGH performance liquid chromatography , *GENETIC mutation - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the genetic mechanism underlying capsinoid biosynthesis in S3212, a low-pungency genotype of Capsicum frutescens. Screening of C. frutescens accessions for capsaicinoid and capsiate contents by high-performance liquid chromatography revealed that low-pungency S3212 contained high levels of capsiate but no capsaicin. Comparison of DNA coding sequences of pungent (T1 and Bird Eye) and low-pungency (S3212) genotypes uncovered a significant 12-bp deletion mutation in exon 7 of the p- AMT gene of S3212. In addition, p- AMT gene transcript levels in placental tissue were positively correlated with the degree of pungency. S3212, the low-pungency genotype, exhibited no significant p- AMT transcript levels, whereas T1, one of the pungent genotypes, displayed high transcript levels of this gene. We therefore conclude that the deletion mutation in the p- AMT gene is related to the loss of pungency in placental tissue and has given rise to the low-pungency S3212 C. frutescens genotype. C. frutescens S3212 represents a good natural source of capsinoids. Finally, our basic characterization of the uncovered p- AMT gene mutation should contribute to future studies of capsinoid biosynthesis in Capsicum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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11. Horticultural and chemical quality characterization of accessions selected from four species of Capsicum.
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Mo, Hwang-sung, Jang, Kil-su, Hwang, Ji-eun, Jeon, Su-gyeong, and Kim, Byung-Soo
- Abstract
Pepper accessions with promising adaptations to the Korean growing environment were selected from Capsiucm annuum, C. frutescens, C. baccatum, and C. chinense. 'Cherry Sweet,' 'Papri Sweet,' and 'Papri Mild' accessions of C. annuum were selected for their fresh fruit quality. The fruit of 'Cherry Sweet' and 'Papri Mild' matured into a bright red color, with a high American Spice Trade Association (ASTA) color value, while the fruit of 'Papri Sweet' was characterized by a good taste and chewing texture. KC01299, KC01333, KC01338, and KC01345 accessions of C. frutescens had relatively low ASTA color values, but were highly pungent with a capsaicinoid content similar to or higher than Tabasco (375.5 mg·100 g) and 3 to 5 times that of 'Cheongyang' (103.3 mg·100 g), which is a popular Korean hot pepper cultivar. The three selected C. baccatum accessions (KC01739, KC00625, and KC00628) were tolerant to powdery mildew and viruses, with KC01691 and KC00625 having high sugar content. A good diversity in fruit shape and chemical quality components was found among the selected C. chinense accessions. The fruit of KC01693 (with a temporary RDA genebank number 800080) were light emerald green when immature and ivory to ripe apricot color when mature, with a high sweet taste and the characteristic aroma of C. chinense. The mature fruits contained similar levels of capsaicinoids as 'Cheonyang,' and had the highest sugar content of all tested accessions in this study. The red and orange lines bearing Korean chile pepper type fruits with tolerance to powdery mildew and viruses were selected from PI224445 (KC00163). The red fruit selection had the highest ASTA color value among all tested accessions, with the appropriate pungency for making Korean Kimchee. Bhut Jolokia had the highest ranking for capsaicinoid content, but its fruit set was poor. A red Habanero, KC01787, was selected for productivity, high capsaicinoid content, and tolerance to viruses in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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12. Cross-infectivity and genetic variation of Phytophthora capsici isolates from chilli and black pepper in Vietnam.
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Truong, Nguyen, Burgess, Lester, and Liew, Edward
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CROSS infection ,PHYTOPHTHORA capsici ,PLANT genetics ,PEPPER diseases & pests ,BLACK pepper (Plant) ,TABASCO pepper ,DISEASES - Abstract
Phytophthora capsici is an economically significant pathogen of various important annual and perennial crops in temperate and tropical regions. Not much is known about the genetic diversity of this pathogen worldwide. In Vietnam it is the causal agent of devastating diseases on several hosts, including chilli and black pepper. Crossinfectivity of P. capsici isolates obtained from the two hosts was demonstrated. Analysis of forty-six P. capsici isolates based on Random Amplified Microsatellites (RAMS) and Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic (REP) fingerprinting revealed that isolates from black pepper were genetically distinct from isolates recovered from chilli. Twenty-two isolates from chilli clustered into two clonal groups at a DICE similarity level of >85%, whereas twenty-four isolates from black pepper were separated from these chilli isolates at a similarity level of <50%. In general the genetic diversity among isolates of P. capsici from black pepper was greater than that of the chilli isolates. The current study indicated that the P. capsici population infecting chilli and black pepper in Vietnam consists of two separate genetic strains, adapted to chilli and black pepper, despite their morphological similarity and host cross-infectivity. The implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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13. Direct shoot bud induction and plant regeneration in Capsicum frutescens Mill.: influence of polyamines and polarity.
- Author
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Kumar, Vinod, Sharma, Ashwani, Narasimha Prasad, Bellur, Gururaj, Harishchandra, Giridhar, Parvatam, and Ravishankar, Gokare
- Abstract
Direct shoot bud induction and plant regeneration was achieved in Capsicum frutescens var. KTOC. Aseptically grown seedling explants devoid of roots, apical meristem and cotyledons were inoculated in an inverted position in medium comprising of Murashige and Skoog (Physiol Plant 15:472–497, 1962) basal medium supplemented with 2-( N-morpholine) ethanesulphonic acid buffer along with 2.28 μM indole-3-acetic acid, 10 μM silver nitrate and either of 13.31–89.77 μM benzyl adenine (BA), 9.29–23.23 μM kinetin, 0.91–9.12 μM zeatin, 2.46–9.84 μM 2-isopentenyl adenine. Profuse shoot bud induction was observed only in explants grown on a media supplemented with BA (26.63 μM) as a cytokinin source and 19.4 ± 4.2 shoot buds per explant was obtained in inverted mode under continuous light. Incorporation of polyamine inhibitors in the culture medium completely inhibited shoothoot bud induction. Incorporation of exogenous polyamines improved the induction of shoot buds under 24 h photoperiod. These buds were elongated in MS medium containing 2.8 μM gibberellic acid. Transfer of these shoots to hormone-free MS medium resulted in rooting and rooted plants were transferred to fields. This protocol can be efficiently used for mass propagation and presumably also for regeneration of genetically transformed C. frutescens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
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14. Evaluation of ethanolic extracts of Piper guineense, Dennettia tripetala, and Capsicum frutescens as protectant of smoked fish, Clarias gariepinus (Pisces: Clariidea) against Dermestes maculatus (Coleoptera: Dermestidae).
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Philip-Attah, Tejumade Mary
- Abstract
Background: Dermestes maculatus is a destructive pest of smoked-dried fish. Due to its implications, this research was aimed at investigating the insecticidal activities of edible plant extracts on smoked Clarias gariepinus as protectants against Dermestes maculatus.Result: The extract of Piper guineense at 4%, 8%, and 12% concentrations recorded between 8-92% and 33-100% mortalities, respectively, for the first 4 weeks and 0% mortality was observed in weeks 5-8. The extracts of Capsicum frutescens and Dennettia tripetala at 4% concentration recorded between 8 and 92% mortalities in the first 4 weeks and 5 weeks, respectively, and no mortality was recorded in the remaining weeks. At 12% concentration for Dennettia tripetala extract, 8-100% mortality was recorded throughout the experimental period. At 12% concentration for Capsicum frutescens, 8-92% mortality was recorded in weeks 1-7 and 0% in week 8. Positive control recorded 33-67% mortality in weeks 1-4 and 0% mortality in weeks 5-8. Negative control recorded no mortality in the first 3 weeks, but few larvae were found dead in the remaining weeks. The mean value of 106, 36, and 96 progenies emerged at 4%, 8%, and 12% concentrations, respectively, in the smoked fish treated with Piper guineense. Mean value of 0.50 and 0.50 progenies were recorded at 4% and 8% concentrations, respectively, while no emergence was observed at 12% concentration of Dennettia tripetala extract. Extract of Capsicum frutescens recorded mean value of 1.00, 3.00, and 3.50 progenies at 4%, 8%, and 12% concentrations, respectively. Weight loss of 66.47%, 31.46%, and 56.25% at 4%, 8%, and 12% concentrations was observed for Piper guineense extract respectively. Extracts of Dennettia tripetala and Capsicum frutescens recorded weight loss of 3.46%, 2.11%, and 0.02% and 27.77%, 12.30%, and 22.90%, respectively, at 4%, 8%, and 12% concentrations. Positive and negative controls recorded 4.36% and 81.18% weight loss, respectively.Conclusion: They can therefore serve as affordable substitutes for synthetic chemicals which had been proven to be detrimental to the health of its consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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15. Spermatogonial stem cell sensitivity to capsaicin: An in vitro study
- Author
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Aytekin Özer, S.C. Mizrak, Federica M.F. van Dissel-Emiliani, Hatice Erdost, Bart M. Gadella, Ana M. M. van Pelt, Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Histoloji ve Embriyoloji Anabilim Dalı., Erdost, Hatice, Özer, Aytekin, AAH-9216-2021, Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veterinerlik Fakültesi/Histoloji ve Embriyoloji Anabilim Dalı., Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), and Center for Reproductive Medicine
- Subjects
Male ,Extract ,Capsaicin ,Tumor-Associated NADH Oxidase ,ME-344 ,Enzyme activation ,Vanilloid receptor 1 ,Gonocytes ,DNA fragmentation ,Apoptosis ,Growth ,Wistar rat ,Animal tissue ,Cell survival ,Immunolocalization ,Induction ,Western blotting ,Substrate Specificity ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Transient receptor potential channel ,Endocrinology ,lcsh:Reproduction ,Flow cytometry ,Cells, Cultured ,Cancer ,Endocrinology & metabolism ,Reproductive Biology ,Stem cell ,Phase contrast microscopy ,Caspase 3 ,Stem Cells ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Transformed-cells ,Meiosis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Enzyme specificity ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Erratum ,Germ cell ,Receptor ,Agonist ,endocrine system ,lcsh:QH471-489 ,medicine.drug_class ,TRPV1 ,TRPV Cation Channels ,Biology ,lcsh:Gynecology and obstetrics ,Article ,Error ,Pepper ,medicine ,Animals ,Rats, Wistar ,lcsh:RG1-991 ,Vanilloid receptor ,Spermatogonium ,Rattus ,Animal ,Research ,Trpv1 ,In vitro study ,Nonhuman ,Molecular biology ,Trpv1 protein, rat ,Capsicum frutescens ,Spermatogonia ,Rats ,Drug effect ,Metabolism ,chemistry ,Reproductive Medicine ,Protein expression ,Rat ,Cell culture ,Spermatogonial stem cell ,Cytology ,Spermatogenesis ,Controlled study ,Cell labeling ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Background Conflicting reports have been published on the sensitivity of spermatogenesis to capsaicin (CAP), the pungent ingredient of hot chili peppers. Here, the effect of CAP on germ cell survival was investigated by using two testis germ cell lines as a model. As CAP is a potent agonist of the transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) and no information was available of its expression in germ cells, we also studied the presence of TRPV1 in the cultured cells and in germ cells in situ. Methods The rat spermatogonial stem cell lines Gc-5spg and Gc-6spg were used to study the effects of different concentrations of CAP during 24 and 48 h. The response to CAP was first monitored by phase-contrast microscopy. As germ cells appear to undergo apoptosis in the presence of CAP, the activation of caspase 3 was studied using an anti activated caspase 3 antibody or by quantifying the amount of cells with DNA fragmentation using flow cytometry. Immunolocalization was done with an anti-TRPV1 antibody either with the use of confocal microscopy to follow live cell labeling (germ cells) or on Bouin fixed paraffin embedded testicular tissues. The expression of TRPV1 by the cell lines and germ cells was confirmed by Western blots. Results Initial morphological observations indicated that CAP at concentrations ranging from 150 uM to 250 uM and after 24 and 48 h of exposure, had deleterious apoptotic-like effects on both cell lines: A large population of the CAP treated cell cultures showed signs of DNA fragmentation and caspase 3 activation. Quantification of the effect demonstrated a significant effect of CAP with doses of 150 uM in the Gc-5spg cell line and 200 uM in the Gc-6spg cell line, after 24 h of exposure. The effect was dose and time dependent in both cell lines. TRPV1, the receptor for CAP, was found to be expressed by the spermatogonial stem cells in vitro and also by premeiotic germ cells in situ. Conclusion CAP adversely affects spermatogonial survival in vitro by inducing apoptosis to those cells and TRPV-1, a CAP receptor, may be involved in this effect as this receptor is expressed by mitotic germ cells.
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