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A method for improving lateral resolution and reducing imaging distortion of optical subtraction microscopy is proposed. First, an azimuthally polarized (AP) light is modulated by an annular aperture. Then, an image with higher lateral resolution is obtained by subtracting an image obtained by an annular AP beam from an image obtained by a radially polarized beam. The simulation results demonstrate that compared with the case without the annular aperture, negative side-lobes in the effective point spread function are effectively suppressed, and the imaging quality of subtraction microscopy is obviously enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in metamaterial resonator with two bright modes and one dark mode at the terahertz (THz) band is numerically and experimentally demonstrated. Different from two kinds of the traditional passive modulations, our design can realize the passive modulation of EIT phenomenon by adding another bright mode resonator. Simulated and experimental results show that the transmission peak varies for incident THz waves with different polarization directions due to its asymmetric structure, which provides a novel way to realize high efficiency switch and modulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the generalized Mie theory, refractive index sensing characteristics of single silver nanoparticle respectively illuminated by tightly focused linearly-polarized and radially-polarized light beams are investigated. The spectra for localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) under different dielectric environments demonstrate that distinct dipolar and quadrupolar resonances can be always observed for the case of radial polarization, while there is only strong dipolar resonance for the case of linear polarization. The dipolar mode has a higher sensitivity. However, the figure of merit ( FOM) for the quadrupolar resonance is much higher than that for the dipolar resonance, because the quadrupolar resonance has a narrower width. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A terahertz (THz) polarizer and switch structure is proposed based on the phase transition of vanadium dioxide (VO). When VO is in the insulation phase, the resonance frequencies of the proposed structure are 1.49 THz and 1.22 THz for the x- and y-polarization, respectively. It can perform as a THz polarizer with extinction ratios of 52.5 dB and 17 dB for the y- and x-polarization, respectively; When VO transforms into metallic phase, the resonance frequency for x-polarization wave shifts from 1.49 THz to 1.22 THz, while that remains still for the y-polarization component. It means that the structure can work as a polarization-dependent THz switch with a high extinction ratio of 32 dB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A thermally tunable terahertz metamaterial absorber (MA) with InSb embedded in a metal-dielectric-metal structure is proposed. The transmission and tuning properties of the proposed metamaterial absorber are analyzed for the temperature ranging from 160 K to 350 K. The simulated results show that the maximum absorption of the absorber is nearly 99.8% at a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 38 GHz, and the absorption frequency can be dynamically tuned from 0.82 THz to 1.02 THz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A terahertz bandpass filter with the sandwich structure consisting of thermally tunable vanadium dioxide (VO) thin film, silica substrate and subwavelength rectangular Cu hole arrays is designed and theoretically analyzed. The results show that the transmittance of the filter can be actively tuned by controlling the temperature of VO, the narrow band terahertz (THz) waves with the transmittance from 85.2% to 10.5% can be well selected at the frequency of 1.25 THz when the temperature changes from 50 °C to 80 °C, and the maximum modulation depth of this terahertz bandpass filter can achieve 74.7%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A metamaterial based on complementary planar double-split-ring resonator (DSRR) structure is presented and demonstrated, which can optically tune the transmission of the terahertz (THz) wave. Unlike the traditional DSRR metamaterials, the DSRR discussed in this paper consists of two split rings connected by two bridges. Numerical simulations with the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method reveal that the transmission spectra of the original and the complementary metamaterials are both in good agreement with Babinet's principle. Then by increasing the carrier density of the intrinsic GaAs substrate, the magnetic response of the complementary special DSRR metamaterial can be weakened or even turned off. This metamaterial structure is promised to be a narrow-band THz modulator with response time of several nanoseconds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an optical device which can continuously change the polarization state of terahertz (THz) waves. The device consists of metal gate, anti-reflection coatings, liquid crystal and mirror. By changing the refractive index of liquid crystal in the interface between the metal gate and the mirror, the phase difference between two beams with orthogonal polarization is varied and a continuous phase shift is achieved. The phase shift of the device is calculated by using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, and the transmittance and reflectance are calculated by using the rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) method. The results reveal that the structure can realize continuously tunable phase shift for THz wave at 1 THz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the vector diffraction theory and the phenomenological model, this paper investigates the second harmonic generation (SHG) of a single centrosymmetric nanosphere excited by focused doughnut beams (DBs) with different topological charges. The results show that strong backward SHG (BSHG) appears when the particle is excited by focused DBs with topological charges of ±1. The backward second harmonic radiation can be caused by the depolarized effect of high numerical aperture (NA) objectives due to the strong longitudinal components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coupling between the line defect and point defect in a two-dimensional photonic crystal is studied by using plane wave expansion method and finite difference time domain method. Based on the analysis, we propose a novel tunable terahertz narrow-band filter. Simulation results on the defect modes and output spectra show that the photonic crystal that consists of two line defects and one point defect can act as a tunable filter with narrow bandwidth of 0.02 THz under the control of an external electric field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of routing solutions is to satisfy the requirements of the Quality of Service (QoS) for every admitted connection as well as to achieve a global efficiency in resource utilization. In this paper proposes a solution based on Hopfield neural network (HNN) to deal with one of representative routing problems in uni-cast routing, i. e. the multi-constrained (MC) routing problem. Computer simulation shows that we can obtain the optimal path very rapidly with our new Lyapunov energy functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for gazing-detection of human eyes using Support Vector Machine (SVM) based on statistic learning theory (SLT) is proposed. According to the criteria of structural risk minimization of SVM, the errors between sample-data and model-data are minimized and the upper bound of predicting error of the model is also reduced. As a result, the generalization ability of the model is much improved. The simulation results show that, when limited training samples are used, the correct recognition rate of the tested samples can be as high as 100%, which is much better than some previous results obtained by other methods. The higher processing speed enables the system to distinguish gazing or not-gazing in real-time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subwavelength dielectric gratings are widely applied in the phase and polarization manipulation of light. However, the dispersion of the normal dielectric gratings is not flat while their birefringences are not enough in the THz regime. In this paper, we have fabricated two all-dielectric gratings with gradient grids in the THz regime, of which artificial birefringence is much larger than that of the equal-grid dielectric grating demonstrated by both experiments and simulations. The transmission and dispersion characteristics are also improved since the gradient grids break the periodicity of grating lattices as a chirp feature. From 0.6-1.4 THz, a broadband birefringence reaches 0.35 with a low dispersion and good linearity of phase shift, and the maximum phase shift is 1.4π. Furthermore, these gradient gratings are applied as half-wave plates and realize a linear polarization conversion with a conversion rate over 99%, also much higher than the equal-grid gratings. These gradient gratings show great advantages compared to the periodic gratings and provide a new way in the designing of artificial birefringence material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]