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Celestine V is considered one of the most enigmatic Popes. He has been the subject of much speculation, with legends claiming he was murdered by order of his successor Boniface VIII. Assassination rumors first started in medieval times, but they were renewed in 1630 by the discovery of a nail that fitted perfectly into a square opening in his skull. During the latest Canonical Recognition, the morphology of the lesion was examined by visual inspection, showing it could not have been produced during life. The legend that the nail was driven through the Pope's head may finally be discredited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present the study of a skull belonging to a young male from the Italian Bronze Age showing three perimortem injuries on the frontal and parietal bones; the peculiarity of the frontal injury is represented by its singular shape, which may be indicative of the weapon that caused the lesion. The aim of the present study is to examine the traumatic evidence in relation to possible etiological factors, in order to attempt to establish if the lesion occurred peri or post-mortem, and to evaluate if these traumatic injuries could be interpreted as an evidence of interpersonal violence, by combining anthropological, taphonomic and ESEM investigations. The combination of multidisciplinary methods of study can provide important new insights into inter-personal violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case of almost complete absence of the alveolar processes of the incisive bones and multiple tooth fracture and loss in a male gray wolf Canis lupus from Snina, eastern Slovakia. The skull of the wolf, with an estimated 6 years of death, was characterized by injuries to the incisive bones and maxillary dentition that were attributed to a severe trauma. It was concluded that the fact that all fractured teeth of the wolf showed signs of wear indicates the occurrence of trauma some time before the wild animal was shot.

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