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The dry reforming of methane provides an attractive route to convert greenhouse gases (CH4 and CO2) into valuable syngas, so as to resolve the carbon cycle and environmental issues. However, the development of high-performance catalysts remains a huge challenge. Herein, we report a 0.6% Ir/CeO2−x catalyst with a metal-support interface structure which exhibits high CH4 (~72%) and CO2 (~82%) conversion and a CH4 reaction rate of ~973 μmolCH4 gcat−1 s−1 which is stable over 100 h at 700 °C. The performance of the catalyst is close to the state-of-the-art in this area of research. A combination of in situ spectroscopic characterization and theoretical calculations highlight the importance of the interfacial structure as an intrinsic active center to facilitate the CH4 dissociation (the rate-determining step) and the CH2* oxidation to CH2O* without coke formation, which accounts for the long-term stability. The catalyst in this work has a potential application prospect in the field of high-value utilization of carbon resources. Dry reforming of methane is an attractive route to convert greenhouse gases into valuable syngas. Here, the authors demonstrate design strategy to prepare efficient catalysts towards activation of both C–H and C = O bonds and provide atomic-level insights into interfacial synergistic catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methylcyclohexane (MCH) serves as an ideal hydrogen carrier in hydrogen storage and transportation process. In the continuous production of hydrogen from MCH dehydrogenation, the rational design of energy-efficient catalytic way with good performance remains an enormous challenge. Herein, an internal electric heating (IEH) assisted mode was designed and proposed by the directly electrical-driven catalyst using the resistive heating effect. The Pt/Al2O3 on Fe foam (Pt/Al2O3/FF) with unique three-dimensional network structure was constructed. The catalysts were studied in a comprehensive way including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-mapping, in situ extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), and in situ CO-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements. It was found that the hydrogen evolution rate in IEH mode can reach up to above 2060 mmol·gPt−1·min−1, which is 2–5 times higher than that of reported Pt based catalysts under similar reaction conditions in conventional heating (CH) mode. In combination with measurements from high-resolution infrared thermometer, the equations of heat transfer rate, and reaction heat analysis results, the Pt/Al2O3/FF not only has high mass and heat transfer ability to promote catalytic performance, but also behaves as the heating component with a low thermal resistance and heat capacity offering a fast temperature response in IEH mode. In addition, the chemical adsorption and activation of MCH molecules can be efficiently facilitated by IEH mode, proved by the operando MCH-FTIR results. Therefore, the as-developed IEH mode can efficiently reduce the heat and mass transfer limitations and prominently boost the dehydrogenation performance, which has a broad application potential in hydrogen storage and other catalytic reaction processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to determine the rate of different levels of return to sports (RTS) in athletes undergoing the modified arthroscopic Bristow procedure and the factors associated with the level of RTS. Methods: The study was performed retrospectively on patients with traumatic anterior shoulder instability who underwent the modified arthroscopic Bristow procedure with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. The RTS rate, the level of return and the timing of return were assessed. Additionally, factors such as preoperative basic information, clinical outcomes, graft position, graft healing and graft absorption were analysed to investigate their correlation with the level of RTS. Multivariate regression models were used to evaluate the factors affecting the level of RTS. Results: In total, this study included 182 shoulders of 177 athletes undergoing the modified arthroscopic Bristow procedure. Of these patients, 142 (78.0%) shoulders of 137 athletes were enrolled, with a mean of 3.3-year follow-up. At the final follow-up, 134 (94.4%) shoulders were able to RTS, 123 (86.6%) shoulders were able to RTS to the pre-injury level, 52 (36.6%) shoulders could be completely "forgotten" without any psychological barrier during exercise. The multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the variable associated with RTS at the pre-injury level as previously failed arthroscopic Bankart repair (p < 0.001). As for the "forgetting" operated shoulder, the duration from first dislocation to surgery was a significant independent predictor (p = 0.034). Conclusion: Although a large majority of athletes were able to RTS at the pre-injury level after the modified arthroscopic Bristow procedure, about two-thirds of the athletes felt difference in shoulders on both sides and could not completely "forget" the operated shoulder during exercise. Previously failed Bankart repair and the duration from first dislocation to surgery were the risk factors associated with the level of RTS after the modified arthroscopic Bristow procedure. Level of evidence: IV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the clinical characteristics of intratendinous subscapularis (inSSC) tears. Methods: Retrospectively, 69 patients with arthroscopically confirmed inSSC tears were identified from 2018 to 2019. Preoperatively and at final follow-up, thorough physical examination was performed and clinical outcomes (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ASES] score; University of California, Los Angeles [UCLA] score; visual analogue scale [VAS] for pain; and Simple Shoulder Test [SST]) were recorded. Features of pre-operative magnetic resonance image (MRI) such as high signalling within the tendon substance, communication to the bicipital groove and long head of biceps tendon (LHBT) lesions were investigated. Characteristics of arthroscopic view were investigated. Bear-hug and internal rotation resistance test at 90° abduction and external rotation (IRRT90°) test were used to assess the SSC strength. Results: The mean follow-up was 2.4 (2–3) years. The prevalence of arthroscopically confirmed inSSC tears was 69/675 (10.2%) among arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs. Pre-operative physical examination found positive IRRT90° and bear-hug test in 41/60 (68.3%) and 42/69 (60.8%) patients, respectively. The Cohen kappa coefficient was interpreted to be substantial for the evaluation of all MRI parameters. According to the conditions of LHBT, inSSC tears were classified into 3 types: type I: without LHBT subluxation and tear; type II: with LHBT subluxation or tears and type III: with LHBT dislocation. At final follow-up, mean ASES, UCLA, VAS, and SST scores improved significantly from mean of 50.6 ± 14.7, 19.4 ± 3.07, 6.2 ± 2.0, and 6.1 ± 2.5 to mean of 90.7 ± 9.5, 32.2 ± 1.8, 1.4 ± 1.2 and 9.8 ± 2.2, respectively (P < 0.001). Bilateral symmetric strength was found by bear-hug and IRRT90° test in all patients postoperatively. Conclusion: Understanding features of pre-operative MRI, physical examination and arthroscopic view is helpful to identify inSSC tears. Arthroscopic repair yielded satisfactory clinical outcomes in patients with inSSC tears. Level of evidence: Level IV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major staple food for more than one-third of the world’s population. Tiller number is an important agronomic trait in wheat, but only few related genes have been cloned. Here, we isolate a wheat mutant, tiller number1 (tn1), with much fewer tillers. We clone the TN1 gene via map-based cloning: TN1 encodes an ankyrin repeat protein with a transmembrane domain (ANK-TM). We show that a single amino acid substitution in the third conserved ankyrin repeat domain causes the decreased tiller number of tn1 mutant plants. Resequencing and haplotype analysis indicate that TN1 is conserved in wheat landraces and modern cultivars. Further, we reveal that the expression level of the abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic gene TaNCED3 and ABA content are significantly increased in the shoot base and tiller bud of the tn1 mutants; TN1 but not tn1 could inhibit the binding of TaPYL to TaPP2C via direct interaction with TaPYL. Taken together, we clone a key wheat tiller number regulatory gene TN1, which promotes tiller bud outgrowth probably through inhibiting ABA biosynthesis and signaling.Tiller number is an important agronomic trait of wheat. Here, the authors clone a positive regulator of wheat tiller number and show that the encoded ankyrin repeat protein can promote tiller bud outgrowth through inhibiting ABA biosynthesis and signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selective hydrogenolysis of biomass-derived glycerol to propanediol is an important reaction to produce high value-added chemicals but remains a big challenge. Herein we report a PtCu single atom alloy (SAA) catalyst with single Pt atom dispersed on Cu nanoclusters, which exhibits dramatically boosted catalytic performance (yield: 98.8%) towards glycerol hydrogenolysis to 1,2-propanediol. Remarkably, the turnover frequency reaches up to 2.6 × 103 molglycerol·molPtCu–SAA−1·h−1, which is to our knowledge the largest value among reported heterogeneous metal catalysts. Both in situ experimental studies and theoretical calculations verify interface sites of PtCu–SAA serve as intrinsic active sites, in which the single Pt atom facilitates the breakage of central C–H bond whilst the terminal C–O bond undergoes dissociation adsorption on adjacent Cu atom. This interfacial synergistic catalysis based on PtCu–SAA changes the reaction pathway with a decreased activation energy, which can be extended to other noble metal alloy systems. Selective hydrogenolysis of biomass glycerol to propanediol is a promising route for the production of high-value chemicals but remains a challenge. Here, the authors find a PtCu single atom alloy catalyst exhibits remarkably boosted performance with a turnover frequency value of 2.6 × 103 molglycerol·molPtCu–SAA−1·h−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Correction to: I Nature Communications i https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36271-z, published online 14 February 2023 The original version of this Article contained an error in Fig. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: To investigate the accuracy of preoperative 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) interpreted with standardized procedure for diagnosing subscapularis (SSC) tears identified by arthroscopy. The diagnostic accuracy of MRI for different types of SSC lesions was also evaluated.Methods: Two-hundred and seventy-two consecutive patients with rotator cuff tears identified by arthroscopy were included into this study. All patients had preoperative MRI scans with 1.5 T strength. Totally, seven different signs of SSC tears were evaluated on MRI scans. The diagnostic value of MRI was evaluated, respectively, according to two classifications of SSC lesions. The definitive diagnosis for SSC lesions was based on the arthroscopic findings.Results: Among the 272 patients in this study, 107 (39 %) had SSC tears confirmed by arthroscopy. The surgeons correctly diagnosed 88 of 107 patients with SSC tears. The overall sensitivity was 82.2 %. The sensitivity of MRI for types I, II, III, IV and V was 70, 82.4, 96, 100 and 100 %, respectively, based on the classification by Lafosse. The sensitivity of MRI for partial-thickness and partial-width, full-thickness and partial-width, full-thickness and full-width tear was 75.3, 96.2, 100 %, respectively, according to the classification by Kim.Conclusions: The sensitivity of MRI in predicting SSC tears preoperatively was improved with the current procedure. Understanding of certain MRI characteristics of SSC tears could increase the accuracy for diagnosing SSC lesions. 1.5 T MRI of the SSC was not reliable for predicting partial thickness and especially less than 1/3 width tears.Level Of Evidence: III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: A new clinical test for evaluating subscapularis (SSC) integrity was described, and its diagnostic value was compared with the present SSC tests (the lift-off, belly-press, IRLS and bear-hug tests). The new test is called internal rotation resistance test at abduction and external rotation (IRRT). The test is performed at maximal 90° of abduction and maximal external rotation. Methods: Two hundred and thirty-five consecutive patients suffering from rotator cuff injury were evaluated preoperatively. Six tests were performed to assess the function of the SSC: the lift-off, belly-press, IRLS, the bear-hug, IRRT at 0° abduction and 0° external rotation (IRRT0°) and IRRT at maximal 90° abduction and maximal external rotation (IRRTM). Arthroscopic findings were the reference for diagnosing of SSC lesions. Results: The IRRTM test showed the greatest sensitivity (76.5 %), and IRLS (31.6 %) test had the lowest sensitivity. The IRRTM had the highest accuracy (79.0 %), and lift-off had the lowest accuracy (65.3 %). Positive IRRTM, bear-hug, belly-press, IRRT0° tests indicate that about one-third of the SSC is torn, and a positive lift-off and IRLS tests predict a severe tear at least two-thirds of the SSC. Conclusions: The IRRTM represents a sensitive diagnostic test for SSC lesions and improves the chance of finding the upper part of the SSC tears. When the IRRTM is positive, the surgeon should pay particular attention to detecting the SSC tendon during arthroscopy. Level of evidence: Diagnostic study, Level I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]