1. Cancer classification using the Immunoscore: a worldwide task force
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Iris D. Nagtegaal, Paul Waring, Michael I. Nishimura, Richard Palmqvist, Carlo Bifulco, Yutaka Kawakami, Christian H. Ottensmeier, Alessandro Lugli, Christoph Huber, Réjean Lapointe, Lotfi Chouchane, Noriyuki Sato, Helen K. Angell, Scott Kopetz, Kyogo Itoh, Michele Maio, Yili Wang, Bernard A. Fox, Thomas F. Gajewski, Christine Lagorce, Franck Pagès, Cedrik M. Britten, Ena Wang, Giuseppe Masucci, Patricia Shaw, Frank A. Sinicrope, Jill O'Donnell-Tormey, Fabiana Tatangelo, Andreas Lundqvist, Heinz Zwierzina, James P. Allison, Toshihiko Torigoe, P. Patel, Inti Zlobec, Blaise Clarke, Martin Asslaber, Corrado D'Arrigo, Shoichi Hazama, Martin C. Mihm, Harpreet Singh-Jasuja, Luigi Laghi, Anne Berger, Jérôme Galon, Samir N. Khleif, Paolo Delrio, Shilin N. Shukla, Gerardo Botti, Hartmann Arndt, Francesco M. Marincola, Leif Håkansson, Paolo A. Ascierto, Robert E. Hawkins, Bradly G. Wouters, Sacha Gnjatic, Graham Pawelec, Fabio Grizzi, Fernando Vidal-Vanaclocha, Shuji Ogino, Sebastian Kreiter, Kiyotaka Okuno, Peter Gibbs, Magdalena Thurin, Giorgio Trinchieri, Pamela S. Ohashi, Radiotherapie, RS: GROW - School for Oncology and Reproduction, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ( CRC (UMR_S 872) ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] ( HEGP ), Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer, Milwaukee, Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Clinical Center and trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), Cancer Diagnosis Program, National Cancer Institute ( NIH ), Oncology - Pathology - Anatomy, Institute of Pathology-University of Bern, Department of Pathology, Providence Portland Medical Center, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione G.Pascale', TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Weill Medical College of Cornell University [New York], Colorectal Surgery Department, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, University of Erlangen, Institute of Pathology, Medical University Graz, Division of Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, University Hospital of Siena, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, CEU-San Pablo University School of Medicine and HM-Hospital of Madrid Scientific Foundation, Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, University of Lund, Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Department Haematology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University [Austria] ( IMU ), Molecular Gastroenterology and Department of Gastroenterology, Istituto Clinico Humanitas [Milan] ( IRCCS Milan ), Humanitas University [Milan] ( Hunimed ) -Humanitas University [Milan] ( Hunimed ), Ontario Cancer Institute and Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Hospital, Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Pathobiology & Radiation Oncology, Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University [Yamaguchi], Department of Surgery, Kinki University, Cancer Research Institute, New York, Avicenne Hospital, Center for Medical Research, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Oncology Institute, Loyola University Medical Center ( LUMC ), School of Cancer and Imaging Sciences, University of Manchester [Manchester], Research Center, University Hospital, Department of Oncology-Pathology [Karolinska Institutet], Georgia Health Sciences University Cancer Center, Augusta University, Brigham and Women's Hospital [Boston], Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Kurume University School of Medicine, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Asarwa, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Pathology Department, Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Institute for Cancer Research, Center of Translational medicine, Department of Histopathology, Dorset County Hospital, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Mayo Clinic and Mayo College of Medicine, Rochester, Cancer Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, Oncology and Hematology, University of Chicago, Medical Oncology and Innovative Therapies Unit, Fondazione Melanoma Onlus, Laboratory of Molecular and Tumor Immunology, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute-Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, BMC, Ed., Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S 872)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), National Cancer Institute [Bethesda] (NCI-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Memorial Sloane Kettering Cancer Center [New York], Lund University [Lund], Innsbruck Medical University = Medizinische Universität Innsbruck (IMU), Istituto Clinico Humanitas [Milan] (IRCCS Milan), Humanitas University [Milan] (Hunimed)-Humanitas University [Milan] (Hunimed), University of Toronto-University of Toronto, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Loyola University Medical Center (LUMC), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CR CHUM), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université de Montréal (UdeM), University System of Georgia (USG)-University System of Georgia (USG), Sapporo Medical University-Sapporo Medical University, Kurume University-Kurume University, Oregon Health and Science University [Portland] (OHSU), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Innsbruck Medical University [Austria] (IMU), and Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU)
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Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Medicin och hälsovetenskap ,Internationality ,Colorectal cancer ,Advisory Committees ,lcsh:Medicine ,Review ,Medical and Health Sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neoplasms ,Internal medicine ,[ SDV.MHEP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology ,Tumor Microenvironment ,medicine ,Humans ,Stage (cooking) ,Biomarker discovery ,030304 developmental biology ,Medicine(all) ,0303 health sciences ,[SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology ,Merkel cell carcinoma ,business.industry ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all) ,lcsh:R ,Cancer ,General Medicine ,Classification ,medicine.disease ,Primary tumor ,3. Good health ,Treatment Outcome ,Tumor progression ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Immunology ,Biomarker (medicine) ,business ,[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology - Abstract
International audience; Prediction of clinical outcome in cancer is usually achieved by histopathological evaluation of tissue samples obtained during surgical resection of the primary tumor. Traditional tumor staging (AJCC/UICC-TNM classification) summarizes data on tumor burden (T), presence of cancer cells in draining and regional lymph nodes (N) and evidence for metastases (M). However, it is now recognized that clinical outcome can significantly vary among patients within the same stage. The current classification provides limited prognostic information, and does not predict response to therapy. Recent literature has alluded to the importance of the host immune system in controlling tumor progression. Thus, evidence supports the notion to include immunological biomarkers, implemented as a tool for the prediction of prognosis and response to therapy. Accumulating data, collected from large cohorts of human cancers, has demonstrated the impact of immune-classification, which has a prognostic value that may add to the significance of the AJCC/UICC TNM-classification. It is therefore imperative to begin to incorporate the 'Immunoscore' into traditional classification, thus providing an essential prognostic and potentially predictive tool. Introduction of this parameter as a biomarker to classify cancers, as part of routine diagnostic and prognostic assessment of tumors, will facilitate clinical decision-making including rational stratification of patient treatment. Equally, the inherent complexity of quantitative immunohistochemistry, in conjunction with protocol variation across laboratories, analysis of different immune cell types, inconsistent region selection criteria, and variable ways to quantify immune infiltration, all underline the urgent requirement to reach assay harmonization. In an effort to promote the Immunoscore in routine clinical settings, an international task force was initiated. This review represents a follow-up of the announcement of this initiative, and of the J Transl Med. editorial from January 2012. Immunophenotyping of tumors may provide crucial novel prognostic information. The results of this international validation may result in the implementation of the Immunoscore as a new component for the classification of cancer, designated TNM-I (TNM-Immune).
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