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The air-filled organs (AOs) of vertebrates (lungs and swim bladders) have evolved unique functions (air-breathing or buoyancy control in water) to adapt to different environments. Thus far, immune responses to microbes in AOs have been described exclusively in the lungs of tetrapods. Similar to lungs, swim bladders (SBs) represent a mucosal surface, a feature that leads us to hypothesize a role for SB in immunity. In this study, we demonstrate that secretory IgT (sIgT) is the key SB immunoglobulin (Ig) responding to the viral challenge, and the only Ig involved in viral neutralization in that organ. In support of these findings, we found that the viral load of the SB from fish devoid of sIgT was much higher than that of control fish. Interestingly, similar to the lungs in mammals, the SB represents the mucosal surface in fish with the lowest content of microbiota. Moreover, sIgT is the main Ig class found coating their surface, suggesting a key role of this Ig in the homeostasis of the SB microbiota. In addition to the well-established role of SB in buoyancy control, our findings reveal a previously unrecognized function of teleost SB in adaptive mucosal immune responses upon pathogenic challenge, as well as a previously unidentified role of sIgT in antiviral defense. Overall, our findings indicate that despite the phylogenetic distance and physiological roles of teleost SB and mammalian lungs, they both have evolved analogous mucosal immune responses against microbes which likely originated independently through a process of convergent evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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We analyze the properties of immune noise model and propose a noise model that achieves high fidelity and in secure channel. We focuse on four different types of channel properties which include bit-flipping noise, phase-flip or phase-damping noise, depolarization noise, and amplitude-damping noise. Finally, we analyze Alice's qubit efficiency and all quantum bit efficiency in noise, and further design a high-fidelity immunity noise model based on density matrix. This research article is one of the cores of constructing a unified framework for high-fidelity secure communication channels. we also using decoherence-free subspaces (DFS) immune combined noise characteristics, a generalized entangled states to convert IDs that are initially shared by both the parties into logical quantum states for noise immunity, randomly mixed message sequence and transmitted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we examine unified framework of high-fidelity entangled quantum secure Communication channels under noise. We adopt system evolution density matrix to calculate the individual and average fidelity of initial states. We adjust intensity levels of noise with respect to the surroundings. Based on quantum entanglement and unitary transformation, we develop and implement a model for four types of noise that act on the quantum bits at different intensity levels. We analyze the model with quantum bits produced against the immune noise based on density matrix. Our propose model for immune noise is not only efficient and robust, but also achieves high-fidelity for secure quantum communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the inflow problem for one-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equations. For such a problem, Huang, Matsumura, and Shi showed in [4] that there exists viscous shock wave solution to the inflow problem and both the boundary layer solution, the viscous shock wave, and their superposition are time-asymptotically nonlinear stable provided that both the initial perturbation and the boundary velocity are assumed to be sufficiently small. The main purpose of this paper is to show that similar stability results still hold for a class of large initial perturbation which can allow the initial density to have large oscillations. The proofs are given by an elementary energy method and our main idea is to use the smallness of the strength of the viscous shock wave and the boundary velocity to control the possible growth of the solutions induced by the nonlinearity of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations and the inflow boundary condition. The key point in our analysis is to deduce the desired uniform positive lower and upper bounds on the density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a scheme that Quantum decoherence problem in quantum teleportation process in two three-level system. Evolution of entanglement of two V-type three-level atom system with time were studied under the vacuum radiation field. When the distance between two atoms is far, that is, the two atoms are independent of each other, at this time, under the action of the vacuum radiation field, the atomic entanglement will suddenly die after a period of time; When the distance between two atoms is very small, the co-operative effect induced by the vacuum radiation field between atoms may appear entangled and suddenly recover after death. We then design the related parameter of entanglement death and entanglement, in order to find out the cause of the entanglement death in order to address them, thereby improving the quality of quantum communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a scheme that solves the entanglement death problem by using a quantum entanglement model. We solved this problem by analyzing the evolutionary properties of entanglement together with the time evolution of the two atomic systems that are independent of each other in space. We then design the related parameter of entanglement death and entanglement, in order to find out the cause of the entanglement death in order to address them, thereby improving the quality of quantum communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advent of the Internet and information and communication technology, quantum teleportation has become an important field in information security and its application areas. This is because quantum teleportation has the ability to attain a timely secret information delivery and offers unconditional security. And as such, the field of quantum teleportation has become a hot research topic in recent years. However, noise has serious effect on the safety of quantum teleportation within the aspects of information fidelity, channel capacity and information transfer. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to address these problems of quantum teleportation. Firstly, in order to resist collective noise, we construct a decoherence-free subspace under different noise scenarios to establish a two-dimensional fidelity quantum teleportation models. And also create quantum teleportation of multiple degree of freedom, and these models ensure the accuracy and availability of the exchange of information and in multiple degree of freedom. Secondly, for easy preparation, measurement and implementation, we use super dense coding features to build an entangled quantum secret exchange channel. To improve the channel utilization and capacity, an efficient super dense coding method based on ultra-entanglement exchange is used. Thirdly, continuous variables of the controlled quantum key distribution were designed for quantum teleportation; in addition, we perform Bell-basis measurement under the collective noise and also prepare the storage technology of quantum states to achieve one-bit key by three-photon encoding to improve its security and efficiency. We use these two methods because they conceal information, resist a third party attack and can detect eavesdropping. Our proposed methods, according to the security analysis, are able to solve the problems associated with the quantum teleportation under various noise environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major problem faced by photons propagating through a physical channel is that of collective noise. This collective noise has the ability to reduce the number of quantum bits that are transmitted, thereby reduces the message fidelity. The traditional method of noise immunity is the use of entanglement purification, which consumes a lot of quantum resources in accomplishing the joint probability of noise immunity but does not guarantee accurate quantum dialog. In this paper, we investigate a new approach to quantum dialogue in which quantum information can be faithfully transmitted via a noisy channel. we constructs corresponding Decoherence Free Subspace(DFS), the quantum state after the change is in the maximally entangled state, so as to realize the fidelity of quantum dialogue model that can ensure the accuracy and noise resistance, and secret information exchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of the modified FOLFOX6 (mFOLFOX6) regimen as a neoadjuvant chemotherapy in gastric cancer patients.Methods: Seventy-three patients with T2-T4 or N+ were enroled. Preoperative chemotherapy consisted of three cycles of mFOLFOX6. The primary end points were the response rate and the R0 resection rate. Prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) were investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses.Results: Sixty-seven (91.8%) patients completed 3 cycles, with grade 3-4 toxicity arising in 33.0%. The radiology response rate was 45.8%. Sixty-seven (91.8%) patients receiving radical surgery showed different levels of histological regression of the primary tumour, with a ⩾50% regression rate of 49.2%. ypTNM stage (HR 4.045, 95% CI 1.429-11.446) and tumours of diffuse and mixed type (HR 9.963, 95% CI 1.937-51.235; HR 8.890, 95% CI 1.157-68.323, respectively) were significantly associated with OS. The pathologic regression rate (GHR; ⩾2/3/<2/3, ⩾50%/<50%) was statistically significantly associated with OS according to a univariate analysis.Conclusions: Perioperative mFOLFOX6 was a tolerable and effective regimen for gastric cancer. The ypTNM stage was an independent predictor of survival. GHR ⩾50%/<50% could be used as a surrogate marker for selecting a postoperative chemotherapy regimen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we demonstrate how a five-qubit entangled state can be used to realize the deterministic Quantum State Sharing (QSTS) of a single and two-qubit state among three parties by performing von-Neumann measurement and bell-state measurements. In our scheme, any of the two agents has the ability to reconstruct the original state if he/she collaborates with the other agent,otherwise an individual agent does not have enough information to reconstruct the original state. The paper also outlines the various measurements and mathematical framework of the scheme. The security analysis of our scheme against two attacks scenarios prove that the scheme is secure against an eavesdropper attack and a malicious attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a scheme for quantum dialogue by using a four-qubit cluster state as quantum channel.The scheme has two cases: Case 1, Sender Alice and receiver Bob share information using an orderly sequence of entangled state as quantum channel which was prepared by Alice. This case is achieved as follows: The two sides agreed to encode quantum state information, then Alice perform a bell state measurement for quantum information which has been encoded. This will convey the information to Bob, then Bob measuring his own qubits, through the analysis of the measurement results of Alice and Bob, Bob can obtain quantum information. For case 2, four-qubit cluster state and quantum state information is transmitted to form a total quantum system. In the Case 2 scenario, Alice and Bob perform bell state measurements for part of the qubits, and tell the measurement result to each other through the classical channel. Finally, according to the measurement result, Alice and Bob operate an appropriate unitary transformation, as a result, Alice's qubit will be renewed upon Bob's measurements, and also, Bob's qubit will be renewed upon Alice's measurements. Thus, a bidirectional quantum dialogue is achieved. After analysis, this scheme has high security by taking certain eavesdropping attacks into account. There is therefore a certain reference value to the realization of quantum dialogue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum secure communication of dephasing in the presence of noise is a hot spot in research in the field of quantum secure communication. Quantum steganography aims is to transfer secret information in public quantum channel. But because effect of annealing phase noise, quantum states which is need to transfer easily delayed or changed. So, quantum steganography is very meaning apply to transmit secret information covertly in quantum noisy channels. The article introduced dephasing noise impact on the physics of quantum state, through the theoretical research, construct the logic of quantum states to back the phase noise immunity, and construct the decoherence free subspace, It can guarantees fidelity secret information exchange through quantum communication model in a noisy environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A scheme for quantum information splitting of a two-qubit Bell state using a five-qubit entangled state as quantum channel is proposed. In the scheme,a genuine five-qubit entangled can be used as the quantum channel. Assume that the sender is called Alice, the receiver is called Bob and the controller id called Charlie. Alice, Bob and Charlie share a five-qubit quantum entangled state. The sender Alice sends the quantum information to the receiver Bob, anyone can not obtain the quantum information, unless they cooperate with each other. Alice first performs Bell-state measurements on her qubit paris (A, 1) (B, 5) respectively and then tells Charlie and Bob measurement results via a classical channel. It is impossible for Bob to reconstruct the original state with local operation, if Charlie allows Bob to reconstruct the original states, he needs to perform a single-qubit measurement on his qubit and tells Bob the results. According to the information from Alice and Charlie, Bob can reconstruct the original state with an appropriate unitary operation of his qubits 3, 4. We also consider the problem of security attacks. This protocol is considered to be secure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a scheme of quantum information splitting arbitrary three-qubit state by using seven-qubit entangled as quantum channel. The sender Alice first performs Bell-state measurements (BSMs) on her qubits pairs respectively and tells her measurement outcome to authorizers Bob to reconstruct the original state, then Charlie should carries out single-qubit measurement (SQM) on his qubits. According to the results from Alice and Charlie, Bob can reconstruct the original state by applying an appropriate unitary operation. After analyzing, the method achieved the desired effect of quantum information splitting (QIS). We also realize the QIS of arbitrary three-qubit state in cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A scheme is proposed for quantum information splitting of arbitrary three-qubit state by using four-qubit cluster state and GHZ state as quantum channel. In the scenario, assume that the sender is called Alice, the receiver is called Bob and the controller id called Charlie. First of all, Alice performs Bell-state measurements on her qubit paris (A, 1), (B, 3), (C, 5), respectively. And then tells Charlie and Bob measure results via a classical channel. It is impossible for Bob to reconstruct the original state with local operation; if Charlie allows Bob to reconstruct the original states, he needs to perform a single particle measurement on his particle and tells Bob the results. According to the information from Alice and Charlie, Bob can reconstruct the original state with an appropriate unitary operation of his qubits 2, 4, 6.We also consider the problem of security attacks .This protocol is considered to be secure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we proposed a scheme for quantum information splitting of arbitrary two-qubit by using four-qubit cluster state and Bell-state as quantum channel. The splitter (Alice) and two receivers (Bob and Charlie) safely share a four-qubit cluster and Bell-state as quantum channel. Then, the sender Alice first performs Bell-state measurement (BSMs) on her qubit pairs, respectively, and tells the results to the receiver Bob and Charlie via a classical channel. But it is impossible for Bob to reconstruct the original state with local operations without help from Charlie. If Charlie allows Bob to reconstruct the original state information, he also needs to perform BSMs on his qubits and tell Bob the measurement result. Using the measurement results from Alice and Charlie, Bob can reconstruct the original state by applying the appropriate unitary operation. The scheme is tested against various attack scenarios such as eavesdropping attack, eavesdropping in the presence of a malicious attacker and even in the presence of a dishonest agent and found to be secure in all these cases. In addition, the deterministic quantum information splitting of arbitrary two-qubit state in cavity quantum electrodynamics is implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The static test of 13 square hollow section (SHS) X-joints with different β and different types of plate reinforcement under in-plane moment in brace was carried out. Experimental test schemes, failure modes of specimens, moment-vertical displacement curves, moment-deformation of the chord, and strain strength distribution curves were presented. The effect of β and plate reinforcement types on in-plane flexural property of SHS X-joints was studied. Results show that punching shear of chord face disappears, brace material fracture appears and concave and convex deformation of chord decrease when either collar plates or doubler plates were welded on chord face. Moment-vertical displacement curves of all specimens have obvious elastic, elastic-plastic and plastic stages. As β increases, the in-plane flexural ultimate capacity and initial stiffness of joints of the same plate reinforcement type increase, but ductility of joints decreases. With the same β, the in-plane flexural initial stiffness and ultimate capacity of doubler plate reinforced joints, collar plate reinforced joints, and unreinforced joints decrease progressively. Thickness of reinforcement plate has no obvious effect on in-plane flexural initial stiffness and ultimate capacity of joints. As thickness of reinforcement plate increases, the ductility of reinforced X-joints decreases. The concave and convex deformation of every specimen has good symmetry; as β increases, the yield and ultimate deformation of chord decrease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the convergence rates of solutions to the three-dimensional turbulent flow equations are considered. By combining the L- L estimate for the linearized equations and an elaborate energy method, the convergence rates are obtained in various norms for the solution to the equilibrium state in the whole space when the initial perturbation of the equilibrium state is small in the H-framework. More precisely, the optimal convergence rates of the solutions and their first-order derivatives in the L-norm are obtained when the L-norm of the perturbation is bounded for some $p \in [1,\tfrac{6} {5}) $. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we show that current two different quantum channels of two three-qubit GHZ states and the six-qubit entangled state can be used for quantum teleportation of an arbitrary two-qubit state deterministically. Moreover, we propose two distinct protocols for quantum teleportation of an arbitrary two-qubit state within a three-qubit, by using a single-qubit measurement under the basis and also using a two-qubit projective measurement under the basis { | + ⟩ , | - ⟩ } , so as to get 16 kinds of possible measured results with equal probability of 1/4. Furthermore, the deterministic quantum teleportation of an arbitrary two-qubit states can be realized in a cavity quantum electrodynamics systems. This is unique, in that a cluster state has a maximal persistence when compared with a entangled state and it is also more robust against decoherence. Furthermore, the schemes are secure against internal and external attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]