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Based on a mutual internal relationship among membrane properties (e.g., permeability, selectivity, antifouling ability), a comprehensive performance improvement of the thin film composite (TFC) membrane remains the huge issue. In this study, single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) was used as a nanofiller to tune the polyester membrane via the IP reaction with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and TMC as aqueous and organic monomer, respectively. Through Van der Waals interaction and hydrogen bonding with SWCNT, the diffusion behavior of CMC towards the TMC boundary was affected and finally tune the properties and structures of the polyester active layer. Besides, physical and chemical natures of the fabricated membranes modified by different SWCNT concentrations were characterized. The results revealed that polyester selective layer presented a rougher and more hydrophilic surface with an increased content, which were beneficial for water molecules transit. Consequently, the optimal TFC membrane decorated by 0.50 mg SWCNT presented an excellent permeance at 14.47 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 and satisfied dye retention of 99.7%, 100.0%, 100.0%, and 98.0% for congo red, coomassie blue G250, reactive blue 19, and methyl blue, respectively. Moreover, TFC membrane exhibited moderate salt rejections against Na2SO4 (91.8%), MgSO4 (23.2%), NaCl (24.3%), and MgCl2 (2.9%) and preferable long-term filtration stability of 72 h, which was rather competitive for the application of wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rutile nickel fluoride NiF2 has a theoretically high pseudocapacitance performance in alkaline aqueous solutions, while the actual pseudocapacitance performance of an actual NiF2 electrode material is relatively low. Obviously, the actual NiF2 electrode material's chemical activity of Ni2+ ions, crystal structure of NiF2, electron conductivity, and the amount of NiF2 that contacts with OH− definitely affect the completeness and speed of the pseudocapacitance process or reaction and further the pseudocapacitance performance. Lots of researches devote to improve these structural factors through various strategies, such as synthesizing NiF2 with large specific surface areas or excess F amount, introducing a heterogeneous metal atom (Co) to construct bimetallic fluoride NiCoF2, and introducing another heterogeneous metal atoms (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn) to construct trimetallic fluorides, so as to benefit for the pseudocapacitance process and enhance the pseudocapacitance performance. The research status of these novel NiF2 materials, including synthetic methods, pseudocapacitance parameter test, structure characterization results representing the above mentioned structural factors, and pseudocapacitance performance, is summarized and clarified in this review. A perspective is given. This review enriches the understanding of anion storage materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy has been widely applied in patients with some types of lymphoma. Classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL) is highly sensitive to immunotherapy, but non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) does not show a good response. Studies have indicated that haematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) suppresses T cells and reduces antitumour immunity. Therefore, HPK1 inhibitors may restore and elicit antitumour immune responses and are promising candidate drug targets for cancer immunotherapy. We first explored the Gene Expression Profile Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database and predicted that HPK1 expression was increased in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and associated with Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) expression. We investigated whether an HPK1 inhibitor could enhance the tumour response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in NHL and the association between HPK1 and NLRP3 expression. Employing shHPK1 and an inhibitor, we demonstrated that the HPK1 inhibitor increased anti-PD-1-mediated T-cell cytotoxicity in BJAB and WSU-DLCL2 cells cocultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). HPK1 inhibitor treatment increased PD-1, PD-L1, Bax, p53 and NK-kB expression but decreased NLRP3 expression, indicating that the HPK1 inhibitor promoted apoptosis and blocked the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway to affect anti-PD-1-mediated T-cell cytotoxicity. Moreover, the HPK1 inhibitor enhanced the efficiency of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in vivo in a zebrafish xenograft model of NHL. In summary, this study provides evidence that an HPK1 inhibitor enhanced the tumour response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in NHL by promoting apoptosis and blocking the NLRP3 pathway. These findings provide a potential therapeutic option for NHL combining HPK1 inhibitor treatment and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron(II) fluoride (FeF2) is a promising candidate as the cathode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its quite high theoretical energy density compared with the commercial cathode materials like LiCoO2 and its abundance. However, the actual energy density of various FeF2 materials nowadays is lower than the theoretical one. The actual energy density is largely determined by its conversion process, in which the transportation and migration of lithium ion (Li+) and electron play a vital role. The completeness of the Li+ and electron transport determines the completeness of the conversion process and further determines the capacity, while the ease of Li+ migration determines the conversion potential. This review is divided into four parts to introduce the Li+ and electron transport, from the aspects of barrier, stability, constructing method, and influence factors, in various existing "FeF2 materials-electrolyte" systems. The four parts are Li+ and electron transport or Li+ migration within a FeF2 particle, electron transport between FeF2 particles, Li+ transport from the electrolyte to FeF2, and the amount of Li+ that can transport. Finally, several points on optimizing the "FeF2 materials-electrolyte" systems with superior Li+ and electron transport are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small-diameter thread is widely used in the connection of aeroengine, nuclear equipment, and petrochemical equipment parts due to its advantages of high connection strength, simple structure, and convenient loading and unloading. Manual tapping is its main production method. But, the stability of product quality is poor; the qualified rate of one-time machining is less than 20%, resulting in a large number of repeated machining and scrap. The existing thread milling method is difficult to adapt to the small-diameter internal thread processing of Waspaloy high-temperature alloy. The deformation of the tool during the processing and the difficulty in heat dissipation from the unreasonable processing technology are the main reasons for the processing accuracy not meeting the standard. In this paper, a 3-D numerical simulation model of small-diameter internal thread milling is established based on the flow stress control theory. The influence of structure parameters and milling machining parameters on milling force and milling temperature is studied by orthogonal experiment, and the range analysis is carried out. The mathematical model of milling force and temperature is calculated by nonlinear regression analysis. Based on Pareto genetic algorithm, multiple objective optimization method, the cutter structure, and machining parameters are optimized. The better machining parameters and cutting cutter parameters are obtained; the deformation of thread milling cutter in X, Y, and Z direction is obtained, and a new structure of thread milling cutter is designed; the feasibility of the new type of thread milling cutter and the machining scheme is verified by the trial cutting experiment of the thread milling cutter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the features of Waspaloy, such as high-temperature resistance, easy to hardening, low thermal diffusivity, and low thermal conductivity, the milling cutter for internal threads suffers from serious wear. Particularly, the milling cutter for internal thread with a small diameter restricts the application of milling technology to Waspaloy threads. Based on the cutting flow stress control theory and the cutter wear control theory, a three-dimensional wear calculation model for milling cutter with small diameter internal thread was established. SEM was used to obtain the surface morphology and wear of the machined thread milling cutter, compared with the calculated results; the accuracy of the calculated results is verified. It employed the calculation model to study the variation law of tool wear under different milling parameters and front angle. The better milling parameters and front angles were obtained. In combination of the calculation results and the actual processing requirements, it is recommended: rotation speed, 600–900 r/min; revolution speed, 5–10 r/min; milling depth, 1/2–3/4 of the height of thread teeth; front angle, 5°–10°. And it is significant for the reduction of cutter wear and reasonable design and application of milling cutter for internal thread with a small diameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional layers of metal dichalcogenides have attracted much attention because of their ultrathin thickness and potential applications in electronics and optoelectronics. Monolayer SnS, with a band gap of ~2.6 eV, has an octahedral lattice made of two atomic layers of sulfur and one atomic layer of tin. Till date, there have been limited reports on the growth of large-scale and high quality SnS atomic layers and the investigation of their properties as a semiconductor. Here, we report the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of atomic-layer SnS with a large crystal size and uniformity. In addition, the number of layers can be changed from a monolayer to few layers and to bulk by changing the growth time. Scanning transmission electron microscopy was used to analyze the atomic structure and demonstrate the 2H stacking poly-type of different layers. The resultant SnS crystals is used as a photodetector with external quantum efficiency as high as 150%, suggesting promise for optoelectronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crystalline nanostructures possess defects/vacancies that affect their physical and chemical properties. In this regard, the electronic structure of materials can be effectively regulated through defect engineering; therefore, the correlation between defects/vacancies and the properties of a material has attracted extensive attention. Here, we report the synthesis of BiS microspheres by nanorod assemblies with exposed {211} facets, and the investigation of the types and concentrations of defects/vacancies by means of positron annihilation spectrometry. Our studies revealed that an increase in the calcined temperature, from 350 to 400 °C, led the predominant defect/vacancy densities to change from isolated bismuth vacancies (V) to septuple Bi-sulfur vacancy associates (V). Furthermore, the concentration of septuple Bi-sulfur vacancy associates increased as the calcined temperature was increased from 400 to 450 °C. The characterized transient photocurrent spectrum demonstrates that the photocurrent values closely correlate with the types and concentrations of the predominant defects/vacancies. Our theoretical computation, through first principles, showed that V strongly absorbs I(sol), easily desorbs I(sol), and enhances the electrocatalytic activity of the nanostructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiation-induced cellular injury is attributed primarily to the harmful effects of free radicals, which play a key role in irradiation-induced apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the radioprotective efficacy of edaravone, a licensed clinical drug and a powerful free radical scavenger that has been tested against γ-irradiation-induced cellular damage in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes in studies of various diseases. Edaravone was pre-incubated with lymphocytes for 2 h prior to γ-irradiation. It was found that pretreatment with edaravone increased cell viability and inhibited generation of γ-radiation-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lymphocytes exposed to 3 Gy γ-radiation. In addition, γ-radiation decreased antioxidant enzymatic activity, such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, as well as the level of reduced glutathione. Conversely, treatment with 100 μM edaravone prior to irradiation improved antioxidant enzyme activity and increased reduced glutathione levels in irradiated lymphocytes. Importantly, we also report that edaravone reduced γ-irradiation-induced apoptosis through downregulation of Bax, upregulation of Bcl-2, and consequent reduction of the Bax:Bcl-2 ratio. The current study shows edaravone to be an effective radioprotector against γ-irradiation-induced cellular damage in lymphocytes in vitro. Finally, edaravone pretreatment significantly reduced DNA damage in γ-irradiated lymphocytes, as measured by comet assay (% tail DNA, tail length, tail moment, and olive tail moment) ( p < 0.05). Thus, the current study indicates that edaravone offers protection from radiation-induced cytogenetic alterations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purposes of this study were to elucidate the effects of ARHI (aplysia ras homolog I) on several biological features of lung cancer cells, including growth, proliferation and invasion, to collect experimental evidence for the future biological treatment of human lung cancer. The eukaryotic expression vector, pcDNA3.1-ARHI, was constructed and transfected into the human lung cancer cell line SK-MES-1. The biological properties of the resulting ARHI-expressing lung cancer cell line were evaluated using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, flow cytometry, and a Transwell invasion assay. Additionally, the influence of ARHI on the gene expression levels of cyclin D1, p27, death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1), and matrix metalloproteinases1/2 (MMP-1/2) was determined. Compared to the non-transfected SK-MES-1 cells and the cells transfected with the empty pcDNA3.1 plasmid, the ARHI-transfected cells displayed significantly reduced growth rates and decreased viability ( P < 0.05). The ARHI-transfected cells also displayed a significantly higher percentage of cells in G1 phase ( P < 0.05) and a lower percentage of cells in S phase ( P < 0.05); a higher percentage of apoptosis ( P < 0.05); and finally, a notable reduction in the basement membrane-penetration rate in the Transwell invasion assay ( P < 0.05). Furthermore, it was determined that ARHI is capable of inhibiting the expression of cyclin D1, MMP-1, and MMP-2; however, ARHI promotes the expression of both p27 and DAPK1 in SK-MES-1 cells. In conclusion, overexpression of ARHI gene might be associated with the inhibition of lung cancer cell growth, proliferation and invasion, and the promotion of apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current literatures suggest a growing body of evidence highlighting the pivotal role of Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) in multiple tumor types. Nevertheless, the potential and mechanisms of ICD in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remain inadequately studied. To address this gap, our current study aims to examine the impact of ICD on DLBCL and identify a corresponding gene signature in DLBC. Using the expression profiles of ICD-associated genes, the gene expression omnibus (GEO) samples were segregated into ICD-high and ICD-low subtypes utilizing non-negative matrix factorization clustering. Next, univariate and LASSO Cox regression analyses were employed to establish the ICD-related gene signature. Subsequently, the CIBERSORT tool, ssGSEA, and ESTIMATE algorithm were utilized to examine the association between the signature and tumor immune microenvironment of DLBC. Finally, the oncoPredict algorithm was implemented to evaluate the drug sensitivity prediction of DLBCL patients. These findings suggest that the immune microenvironment of the ICD-high group with a poor prognosis was significantly suppressed. An 8-gene ICD-related signature was identified and validated to prognosticate and evaluate the tumor immune microenvironment in DLBCL. Similarly, the high-risk group exhibited a worse prognosis compared to the low-risk group, and the immune function was considerably suppressed. Moreover, the results of oncoPredict algorithm indicated that patients in the high-risk group exhibited higher sensitivity to Cisplatin, Cytarabine, Epirubicin, Oxaliplatin, and Vincristine with low IC50. In conclusion, the present study provides novel insights into the role of ICD in DLBCL by identifying a new biomarker for the disease and may have implications for the development of immune-targeted therapies for the tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]