1. Single modular flow-electrode capacitive deionization using modified Prussian blue analogues as cation intercalation electrode for continuous water desalination.
- Author
-
Zhao, Yan, Fan, Xinyu, Song, Tianwen, Leng, Bing, Qin, Yuan, and Qian, Guangsheng
- Subjects
PRUSSIAN blue ,ION bombardment ,SALINE waters ,RHEOLOGY ,SALT ,SALINE water conversion - Abstract
Ion back-diffusion hinders the practical application of conventional flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) under long-term operational conditions. To address this challenge, the present study integrated cation intercalation deionization (CID) with FCDI. A novel PFCDI-CID system was developed by utilizing a modified Prussian blue analogues owing to their enhanced rheological and electrochemical properties. The PFCDI-CID system achieved a high charge efficiency of 89.77% and an energy-normalized removal salt of 0.69 mol kJ
−1 in single-cycle (SC) mode with the flow electrodes mass fraction of 2% and a desalinized water chamber-to-concentrated saline water chamber ratio of 2:1. Furthermore, under continuous operation for 12 h in SC mode, the PFCDI-CID system maintained stable desalination performance within the first 2 h. Over an extended duration, the average charge efficiency of the PFCDI-CID system was maintained at 88.44%, with an average energy-normalized removal salt of 0.65 mol kJ−1 . The mechanism revealed that the desalination process involving the Prussian blue analogues primarily involves Na+ intercalation, accompanied by a small amount of electro-sorption process. This system exhibits the characteristics of conventional FCDI while enabling desalination and concentration of simulated saline water during brine discharge, thereby mitigating the impact of ion back-diffusion and broadening the application scope of FCDI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF