Search

Oblique incidence reflectance difference (OIRD) is an emerging technique enabling real-time and label-free detection of bio-affinity binding events on microarrays. The interfacial architecture of the microarray chip is critical to the performance of OIRD detection. In this work, a sensitive label-free OIRD microarray chip was developed by using gold nanoparticle-decorated fluorine-doped tin oxide (AuNPs-FTO) slides as a chip substrate. This AuNPs-FTO chip demonstrates a higher signal-to-noise ratio and improved sensitivity compared to that built on FTO glass, showing a detection limit of as low as 10 ng mL−1 for the model target, HRP-conjugated streptavidin. On-chip ELISA experiments and optical calculations suggest that the enhanced performance is not only due to the higher probe density enabling a high capture efficiency toward the target, but most importantly, the AuNP layer arouses optical interference to improve the intrinsic sensitivity of OIRD. This work provides an effective strategy for constructing OIRD-based microarray chips with enhanced sensitivity, and may help extend their practical applications in various fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relatively little is known about the impact of global warming on the tropical cyclone (TC) outflow, despite its large contribution to TC intensity. In this study, based on the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) dataset and ERA5 reanalysis data, we show that the TC outflow height has risen significantly (48.20 ± 22.18 m decades−1) in the past decades (1959–2021) over the western North Pacific, and the rising trend tends to be sharper for stronger TCs (the uptrend of severe typhoon is 61.09 ± 40.92 m decades−1). This rising trend of the outflow height explains the contradiction between the decrease trend of the TC outflow temperature and the increase trend of the atmospheric troposphere temperature. Moreover, possible contribution of the TC outflow height uptrend to TC intensity has also been investigated. The results show that the rise of outflow height leads to the decrease of outflow temperature, and thus an increased difference between underlying sea surface temperature (SST) and TC outflow temperature, which eventually favors the increase of TC intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) is a common data analysis method, but the clustering effect of this algorithm is easily affected by the initial clustering centers. Currently, scholars often use the multiple population genetic algorithm (MPGA) to optimize the clustering centers, but the MPGA has insufficient global search ability and lacks self-adaptability, is prone to premature convergence, and has poor initial clustering centers. Therefore, this paper proposes an adaptive FCM clustering algorithm DMGA-FCM based on a derivative multiple population genetic algorithm (DMGA). In DMGA-FCM algorithm, firstly, the derivative operator, which is proposed for the first time in this paper, performs derivative operations on initialized populations to improve the algorithm's searchability and deal with the lack of inter-population search ability. Secondly, the adaptive probability fuzzy control operator is used to dynamically adjust the genetic probability to improve the adaptability of the algorithm, which in turn enhances the global merit-seeking ability of the DMGA algorithm and avoids premature convergence. Finally, the initial clustering center of FCM algorithm is optimized with DMGA to enhance the clustering effect of the algorithm. The analysis of simulation experiments and MRI brain map application results show that the DMGA-FCM algorithm can obtain a better clustering effect of medical data and image clustering segmentation effect compared with other related FCM algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of an economical 19Cr-type TRIP-aided duplex stainless steel were investigated under varied uniaxial tensile strain rates at room temperature. Deformation mechanisms of ferrite and austenite phases exhibit obvious distinctions: ferrite phase deforms by dislocation slipping, whereas deformation mechanism of austenite phase is dominated by martensite transformation accompanied with a small amount of dislocations. The annealing-treated duplex stainless steel exhibits good comprehensive combination of mechanical properties orientated from transformation-induced plasticity of metastable austenite phase: ultimate tensile strength of 950 MPa with 60% elongation at strain rate of 1.67 × 10−4 s−1. Mechanical properties are sensitive to tensile strain rates and exhibit obvious strain-rate dependence effects at room temperature. The increased strain rate promoting suppressed martensite phase transformation results in decreased ultimate tensile strength as well as elongation. Heterogeneous deformation of austenite and ferrite phases increases with the increasing in strain rate, promoting initiative microcracks at the interphase boundaries. This deterioration in mechanical properties of TRIP-aided duplex stainless steel hinders its forming process application at high deformation rate conditions at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bonding of thermal-sprayed coatings largely depends on the substrate surface morphology. This study examines the effect of the substrate surface texture shapes on the adhesion strength of coatings. For that, it used plasma-sprayed Ni-based MoS2 coatings deposited on grit-blasted and laser-textured surfaces, and investigated the coating bonding strength (ASTM 633 pull-off test), and cross-sectional and fracture morphologies, as well as phase compositions and element distribution. The results showed that the surface texture shape has a significant effect on the improvement of coating adhesion. The coatings deposited on sinusoidal-textured surfaces had the highest adhesion strength (50.0 MPa), followed by coatings deposited on groove-textured surfaces, while dimple and dimple–groove textures resulted in the lowest coating adhesion strength. The coating fracture analysis revealed that cohesive failure occurred mainly at the texture positions, while adhesive failure occurred almost always in plain areas. Therefore, it could be concluded that, in the conditions of this study, the existence of plain areas and dimple textures did not improve coating adhesion. Factors such as coating bond mode, contact area ratio, and coating deposition quality should be comprehensively considered in texture design to improve coating adhesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of nanomaterials in biomedical fields is greatly influenced by their properties such as size, morphology, and surface properties. The deformability of nanomaterials in recently found influence the blood circulation, pharmacokinetics, tumor accumulation, and treatment performance for diseases. In the work, we successfully fabricated small-sized deformable mesoporous organosilica nanocapsules (SDMONC) via a preferential etching approach. To synthesize the SDMONC, a series of small mesostructured organosilica nanoparticles (MONs) are prepared by adjusting the concentrations of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). After etching the interiors of the MONs with NaOH, small-sized SDMONC with diameters ranging from 70 to 156 nm are obtained. The prepared SDMONC have uniform diameter, high specific surface area (266 m2 g−1), uniform pore diameter (4.0 nm), and excellent biocompability. The cellular uptake of the SDMONC was investigated, which exhibited higher cellular uptake efficiency and cancer cell-killing efficiency than the nondeformable nanoparticles, showing great promise for biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Er-doped α-MnO2 (Er/α-MnO2) microspheres were successfully synthesized via a chemical process. The various techniques were used to investigate the crystal structures, morphologies, valence states, and electrochemical performances of the as-prepared materials. The results showed that Er can be doped into the lattice of α-MnO2 as Er3+ to distinctly affect the structure of α-MnO2. The as-obtained Er(1.5 at.%)/α-MnO2 presented the most optimized structure with a surface composed of many regular layered triangles. The specific capacitance of Er(1.5 at.%)/α-MnO2 electrodes reached 224.3 F g−1 at a current density of 0.25 A g−1 with a capacity retention ratio of 93.7% after 2000 cycles at a current density of 1.0 A g−1. The values were higher than those of α-MnO2 synthesized under the same conditions. Overall, these findings look promising for future applications of rare elements in modified MnO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]