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Objective: Cultured meat is considered to be a viable alternative to conventional flesh to satisfy the increasing human demand for meat. However, current cultured meat products fail to meet consumer expectations. This paper aims to summarize existing methods of cultured meat production, especially 3D bioprinting of cultured meat, which is an emerging approach with unique advantages. By discussing the advantages and shortcomings of the existing techniques, the prospect for the future development of cultured meat is provided. Methods: The potential ecological sustainability of cultured meat is evaluated in order to determine the necessity for its development. The advancements and limitations of cultured meat based on tissue engineering, 3D printing of meat, and 3D bioprinting of cultured meat are discussed. Future trends in 3D bioprinting of cultured meat are predicted, as well as potential challenges in this field. Results: (1) Cultured meat is an ecologically sustainable alternative to conventional meat. (2) Cultured meat based on tissue engineering has allowed the creation of cultured muscle, adipose, and multi-component meat. The issues are that the shape of the products is unpredictable, and the process of producing large-size and multi-component cultured meat is arduous, which is not conducive to sustainable manufacturing. (3) 3D printing has been utilized in the customized processing of meat to achieve personalized demands. However, it relies on natural meat for its raw materials and cannot replace livestock production. (4) There have been preliminary attempts to use 3D bioprinting technology for cultured meat production. It combines the advantages of tissue engineering and 3D printing, which is able to create cultured beef, pork, and seafood. (5) The potential advantages of 3D bioprinting of cultured meat are higher quality and yield, enhanced cost-effectiveness, and superior ecological sustainability. (6) In the future, 3D bioprinting of cultured meat will move towards multi-component products, integrated fabrication, and cloud manufacturing. (7) The urgent issues in 3D bioprinting of cultured meat are the development of edible and printable biomaterials, the advancement of bioprinting techniques, and the life cycle assessment of manufacturing process. Conclusion: 3D bioprinting is a promising avenue to improve the quality and yield, reduce production costs, and enhance the ecological sustainability of cultured meat. It may allow people to satisfy the growing demand for meat in a sustainable manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific diagnosis and treatment of patients with diabetes require frequent blood glucose testing and insulin delivery to normoglycemia. Therefore, an artificial pancreas with a continuous blood glucose (BG) monitoring function is an urgent research target in the medical industry. The problem of closed-loop algorithmic control of the BG with a time delay is a key and difficult issue that needs to be overcome in the development of an artificial pancreas. Firstly, the composition, structure, and control characteristics of the artificial pancreas are introduced. Subsequently, the research progress of artificial pancreas control algorithms is reviewed, and the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of proportional-integral-differential control, model predictive control, and artificial intelligence control are compared and analyzed to determine whether they are suitable for the practical application of the artificial pancreas. Additionally, key advancements in areas such as blood glucose data monitoring, adaptive models, wearable devices, and fully automated artificial pancreas systems are also reviewed. Finally, this review highlights that meal prediction, control safety, integration, streamlining the optimization of control algorithms, constant temperature preservation of insulin, and dual-hormone artificial pancreas are issues that require further attention in the future. An Excellent Diabetes Treatment: Insulin Pump System [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When utilizing electrical discharge machining (EDM) for processing, the processing efficiency and quality will be significantly impacted, if the electrocorrosion residues in the gap flow field cannot be discharged in time. Numerical simulation is considered an effective means to simulate the flow field of EDM gaps. Based on simulation, this study investigates the processing time, depth, current, and dielectric (kerosene, water, and sunflower seed oil), on the movement of electrocorrosion residues within the dielectric. The simulation results demonstrate that an increase in processing time, current, or depth leads to a decrease in the escape rate of corrosion residues from the discharge gap. Compared with kerosene and sunflower seed oil, water has a higher residue escape rate, but the actual processing effect is not ideal. The escape rate of sunflower seed oil at any time was higher than that of kerosene,the highest was higher than 25%, and the average was higher than 22.21%. Sunflower seed oil can be used as a renewable dielectric to replace kerosene. Subsequently, verification experiments are conducted based on simulation results that demonstrate that the discrete phase model (DPM) fluid simulation exhibits excellent coupling with actual processing conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malus transitoria (Batalin) C. K. Schneider is a shrub or small tree species native to in and around the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). Using 18 pairs of EST-SSR markers, we examined 142 samples from 8 wild populations of M. transitoria obtained from the QTP. Genetic diversity had been high at the species level and showed the mean expected heterozygosity (He) and Shannon's information index (I) per population were 0.573 and 0.921, as well as the genetic diversity of the WD population (He = 0.595, I = 0.974) had been the greatest, whereas that of the BS population (He = 0.541, I = 0.870) was the lowest. The MKH population had the lowest genetic diversity (Nm = 5.034), while the mean Gene Flow (Nm) was 6.076. Molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) demonstrated moderate genetic differentiation among populations, that Within Populations variation (95%) had been significantly higher than Among Populations variation (5%), which complies to the genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst = 0.057). Two clusters grouped similar to the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic (UPGMA) clustering and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) as per the STRUCTURE analysis. We speculate that long-term orogeny prevents gene exchange across populations, leading to limited gene flow and loss of genetic resources. This research investigated the genetic diversity as well as structure of natural populations of M. transitoria in order to provide a scientific basis of the conservation, breeding, and rational utilization of this tree species germplasm resources in QTP. The lowest Gene Flow population may be preserved by a combination of in-situ conservation and ex-situ conservation (MKH population). Expanding the number of populations and ex-site conservation could preserve the smallest population (XQ population). The other population s could in-situ conserved in order to protect genetic resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing complexity of CNC machine tools and other rotating machinery, it becomes more and more important to improve the reliability of such machines. It is necessary to estimate the remaining useful life (RUL) of the important parts such as bearings of these devices. However, the operating conditions of such parts are often very complicated, and there is a great difference between different devices. Therefore, it is difficult to use the traditional mechanism analysis method, which not only is very hard, but also generally has low prediction accuracy. In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes a feature-transferred prediction network (FTPN), which can adapt to various working conditions, combining with the neural network method in the field of artificial intelligence, and effectively realizes RUL prediction. Since the existing neural network methods were originally proposed to solve the problems in other fields, such as semantic recognition, this paper uses the feature transfer method to improve them. Firstly, the source network based on convolutional neural network (CNN) is pre-trained for fault recognition, and the fault feature information extracted after training is stored in the fault feature layer. Second, CNN and gate recurrent unit (GRU) are used to build target networks and fit the relationship between time series and remaining longevity. Finally, a special loss function is designed to transfer the features extracted from the source network to the target network to help the target network learn fault features and better predict the mechanical RUL. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments are carried out using the public data set of accelerated life of bearings, and high prediction accuracy is obtained, which proves that the proposed method has certain generalization. The comparison with the existing methods on the same data set shows that the proposed method has a broad industrial application prospect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gonad somatic cells acquire sex-specific fates during sex determination. In XX gonad, a subset of somatic cells expresses Foxl2 after sex determination which is considered the progenitor of granulosa cells. However, whether these cells also contribute to other cell types at later developmental stages is unknown. In the present study, the cell fate of Foxl2-expressing cells in fetal ovaries was analyzed by lineage tracing and single-cell transcriptomics. We found that Foxl2-expressing cells gave rise to three cell types at later developmental stages, including granulosa cells, theca-interstitial cells, and stromal cells. Series single-cell RNA sequencing revealed FOXL2-positive cells were divided into two clusters at P0. One group further differentiated into granulosa cells and Theca-G (Theca-interstitial cells derived from granulosa) at P14. Another group was classified as stromal cell lineage, then a small portion of them further differentiated into 3β-HSD-positive Theca-S (Theca-interstitial cells derived from stroma). Cyp17a1 was expressed in Theca-S, but not in Theca-G. This study demonstrated that Folx2-expressing cells in XX gonad after sex determination are multipotent and theca-interstitial cells are derived from different progenitors. Our data provided an important resource, at single-cell resolution, for a better understanding of somatic cell differentiation in ovary development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of IoT related technologies in tourism is promoting the achievement of smart tourism. In this context, Fifth generation (5G) technology, which aims to address the limitations of previous cellular systems, massively expands the implementation of IoT and gradually drives the Internet future to the edge. In order to facilitate the implementation, the work tries to formulate a definition of IoT enabled tourism and make a visualization review on the relevant literature to IoT enabled tourism in recent 10 years. The definition of IoT enabled tourism is helpful for extending the current research topics related to smart tourism. The visualization review identifies the intellectual bases and influential studies of IoT enabled tourism. Meanwhile, the outstanding cooperation relationships among authors, institutions and countries are detected out. These findings are helpful for the academic circle making further efforts on IoT enabled tourism and finally facilitating the achievement of smart tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poses of robotic endoscopic capsules are indispensable for further follow-up examinations, potential targeted drug delivery, and closed-loop controlling of active locomotion. A novel tracking method using the multiple magnetic excitations with frequency division has been investigated. The multiple excitation coils can simultaneously work at different frequency to improve real-time tracking. A novel model between the magnetic flux density and the capsule’s pose has been derived, which shows a nonlinear equation group with multiple local extremum. Then, a Back-Propagation (BP) neural network algorithm combined with the mother wavelet is investigated to solve the pose. To reduce the volume and power consumption, the wireless magnetic sensing module uses digital signal processing as the core framework, which is beneficial to be miniaturized to integrate with the capsule. The functional prototype of the tracking system has been developed, which consists of a wireless magnetic sensing module mounted in the capsule, a magnetic excitation module with frequency division, a wireless receiver and data interface, an excitation coil array and a platform for pose solving. The experimental results show that the mean errors are 0.0098 m in x-component, 0.0122 m in y-component, 0.0077 m in z-component, 0.187 rad in α-component and 0.161 rad in β-component, respectively. The real-time performance of the tracking system is improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water retention is important in forest ecosystem services. The heterogeneity analysis of water-retention capacity and its influencing factors is of great significance for the construction of water-retention functional areas, restoration of vegetation, and the protection of forest ecosystems in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. A total of 1366 records concerning water-retention capacity in the canopy layer, litter layer, and soil layer of forest ecosystem in this region were obtained from 193 literature published from 1980 to 2017. The influencing factors of water-retention capacity in each layer were analyzed, and path analysis was used to investigate the contribution of the factors to the water-retention capacity of the three layers. The results showed that mixed forests had the highest water-retention capacity, followed by broad-leaved forests, coniferous forests, and shrub forests. In addition, no matter the forest type, the ranking of the water-retention capacity was soil layer, canopy layer, and litter layer from high to low. The main influencing factors of water-retention capacity in forest canopy were leaf area index and maximum daily precipitation (R2=0.49), and the influencing coefficients were 0.34 and 0.30, respectively. The main influencing factors of water-retention capacity in the litter layer were semi-decomposed litter (R2=0.51), and the influencing coefficient was 0.51. The main influencing factors of water-retention capacity in the soil layer were non-capillary porosity and soil depth (R2=0.61), the influencing coefficients were 0.60 and 0.38, respectively. This study verifies the simulation of the water balance model or inversion of remote sensing of the water-retention capacity at the site scale, and provides scientific basis for further study of the impact of global change on water retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the cell–substrate interactions has great significance in tissue regeneration therapies. However, the cell–substrate interactions are not well understood because the interface of cell–substrate is typically buried beneath the cells. This research investigated the subsurfaces of fibroblasts cultured on hybrid nanoarrays using atomic force acoustic microscopy (AFAM). We fabricated hybrid silicon nanowires (SiNWs) and silicon nanoholes (SiNHs) on Si substrates to serve as biomimetic nanoarrays by employing laser interference lithography and the metal-assisted chemical etching (MacEtch) method. After the L929 cells were cultured on the nanoarrays, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and AFAM were employed to investigate the surface and subsurface of L929 cells. It was suggested that fibroblasts could sense the morphology of the hybrid nanoarrays and membrane damage of fibroblasts on the hybrid nanoarrays were related to the nanostructures. This study can help guide the design of biointerfaces and provide a useful tool for the study of cell subsurfaces in diverse biological fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compatibilization of blends by nanoparticles can impart the superior properties of the nanoparticles on the matrix and increase the compatibility of the blends. Manipulation of nanoparticles located at the interface is a premise and challenge to achieve. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was added to polylactide/poly(propylidene carbonate)/graphene oxide (PLA/PPC/GO) composites to manipulate the distribution of GO. By thermodynamic analysis and phase structure investigations, it was demonstrated that PEG could induce the transfer of GO from the PPC phase to the interface or PLA phase. Rheological investigations suggested that the entanglement density between the macromolecular chain and GO was improved, which enhanced the interactions of the macromolecular matrix and nanoparticles. Consequently, the compatibility and mechanical properties were improved significantly. In particular for the samples of PLA/PPC/GO 70/30/0.5 with 2 wt% PEG, the elongation at break was improved by a factor of 10 and the tensile strength was maintained at approximately 45 MPa. This simple physical method is expected to popularize the compatible role of GO in various industrial fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our previous work, we isolated Arbas Cashmere goat hair follicle stem cells (gHFSCs) and explored the pluripotency. In this study, we investigated the expression and putative role of Sox9 in the gHFSCs. Immunofluorescence staining showed that Sox9 is predominantly expressed in the bulge region of the Arbas Cashmere goat hair follicle, and also positively expressed in both nucleus and cytoplasm of the gHFSCs. When the cells were transfected using Sox9-shRNA, cell growth slowed down and the expression of related genes decreased significantly, cell cycle was abnormal, while the expression of terminal differentiation marker loricrin was markedly increased; cells lost the typical morphology of HFSCs; the mRNA and protein expression of gHFSCs markers and stem cell pluripotency associated factors were all significantly decreased; the expression of Wnt signaling pathway genes LEF1, TCF1,c-Myc were significantly changed. These results suggested that Sox9 plays important role in gHFSCs characteristics and pluripotency maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibroblasts can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by the application of Yamanaka factors (OSKM), but the mechanisms underlying this reprogramming remain poorly understood. Here, we report that Sox2 directly regulates endogenous microRNA-29b (miR-29b) expression during iPSC generation and that miR-29b expression is required for OSKM- and OSK-mediated reprogramming. Mechanistic studies show that Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are in vivo targets of miR-29b and that Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b expression is inversely correlated with miR-29b expression during reprogramming. Moreover, the effect of miR-29b on reprogramming can be blocked by Dnmt3a or Dnmt3b overexpression. Further experiments indicate that miR-29b-DNMT signaling is significantly involved in the regulation of DNA methylation-related reprogramming events, such as mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) and Dlk1-Dio3 region transcription. Thus, our studies not only reveal that miR-29b is a novel mediator of reprogramming factor Sox2 but also provide evidence for a multistep mechanism in which Sox2 drives a miR-29b-DNMT signaling axis that regulates DNA methylation-related events during reprogramming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, cashmere goat fetal fibroblasts were transfected with pCDsR-KI, a hair-follicle-cell specific expression vector for insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) that contains two markers for selection (red fluorescent protein gene and neomycin resistant gene). The transgenic fibroblasts cell lines were obtained after G418 selection. Prior to the somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), the maturation rate of caprine cumulus oocytes complexes (COCs) was optimized to an in vitro maturation time of 18 h. Parthenogenetic ooctyes were used as a model to investigate the effect of two activation methods, one with calcium ionophore IA23187 plus 6-DMAP and the other with ethanol plus 6-DMAP. The cleavage rates after 48 h were respectively 88.7% and 86.4%, with no significant difference ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the cleavage rate and the blastocyst rate in two different media (SO-Faa and CR1aa; 86.3% vs 83.9%, P>0.05 and 23.1% vs 17.2%, P>0.05). The fusion rate of a 190 V/mm group (62.4%) was significantly higher than 130 V/mm (32.8%) and 200 V/mm (42.9%), groups ( P>0.05). After transgenic somatic cell nuclear transfer (TSCNT) manipulation, 203 reconstructed embryos were obtained in which the cleavage rate after in vitro development (IVD) for 48 h was 79.3% (161/203). The blastocyst rate after IVD for 7 to 9 d was 15.3% (31/203). There were 17 embryos out of 31 strongly expressing red fluorescence. Two of the red fluorescent blastocysts were randomly selected to identify transgene by polymerase chain reaction. Both were positive. These results showed that: (i) RFP and Neo r genes were correctly expressed indicating that transgenic somatic cell lines and positive transgenic embryos were obtained; (ii) one more selection at the blastocyst stage was necessary although the donor cells were transgenic positive, because only partially transgenic embryos expressing red fluorescence were obtained; and (iii) through TSCNT manipulation and optimization, transgenic cashmere goat embryos expressing red fluorescence and containing an IGF1 expression cassette were obtained, which was sufficient for production of transgenic cashmere goats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The area northwest of Beijing is one of the most important regions where many organizations invest and pay most attention. The environmental problems in this region affect not only Beijing but also the surrounding area. Based on observation of the characteristics of the change in sandy land, this study classified four types of dynamic change of sandy land, including extended sandy land, the reversely changed sandy land, the potential sandy land and no change in sandy land. Then the process and the trend of changes in sandy land and their environmental impact on the area northwest of Beijing were analyzed. The results show that the area of sandy land has increased in this region in the period of 1991 to 2002. Change between sandy land and grassland was the dominant change. It is found that the monitoring zones of Hunshandake sandy land and north of Yin Shan are regions with high ratio of extended sandy land, and are connected with widespread potential change of sandy land. This implies that these two regions have a high probability of increase in sandy land in the future. On the other hand, in the monitoring zone of Horqin sandy land and Ba Shang Plateau and its surrounding area, desertification had been controlled and the area of sandy land is expected to decrease. This indicates that the direction of the sandstorm to Beijing is expected to gradually move to the northwest. Furthermore, the decreases in sandy land and the reversing change from arable land to grassland and forests in the study region will affect the land quality and atmosphere. And the logistic multiple regression (LMR) model was employed to better understand the complexity and processes of increases in sandy land. This model predicts that there is a high probability of increases in sandy land in north of Siziwang Banner, Zhengxiangbai Banner and Zhenglan Banner. Finally, suggestions to the ecological construction of the study area have been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With point-source pollution controlled effectively, nonpoint-source pollution, especially that resulting from agricultural land, has become the main factor affecting surface water. Much attention has been focused on the impact of fertilizer and pesticide application, wastewater irrigation, and land management on pollutant transport. However, landscape pattern also plays an important role in pollutant transport and detention. Landscape types may be classified into two parts: "source" and "sink" landscapes, based on their functions in pollutant transport and detention. As a major contributor to eutrophication of waterbodies, nitrogen loss with runoff has received particular attention when studying nonpoint-source pollution. In this study, four watersheds in the upper parts of the Yuqiao Reservoir Basin, Zuihua, Hebei Province, China, were chosen in order to study the relationship between landscape pattern and nitrogen-concentration dynamics. The results indicate that (1) nitrogen concentration in surface water within different seasons in the rainfall-normal year is higher than that in the rainfall-deficit year and (2) the variation of nitrogen concentration within different seasons in the rainfall-deficit year is smaller compared with that in the rainfall-normal year in which two types of seasonal variation on nitrogen concentration are presented. The first variation occurs when nitrogen concentration is lowest in the dry season, and rises rapidly from the dry season to rainy season and then declines quickly from the rainy season to mean-flow season. This mainly occurs in those areas where most "source" landscapes are close to the monitored waterbody. The second variation occurs when nitrogen concentration is low in the dry season, increases rapidly in the rainy season but does not reach its peak value until the mean flow season. The second variation occurs in those areas where "source" landscape types are spread over the whole watershed. There is no clear relationship between watershed shape, relative importance of landscape types, and nitrogen concentration; however, the spatial distribution of "source" and "sink" landscape types in the watershed has a strong impact on the nitrogen concentration in surface water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Telomere maintenance is critical for chromosome stability. Here we report that periodic tryptophan protein 1 (PWP1) is involved in regulating telomere length homeostasis. Pwp1 appears to be essential for mouse development and embryonic stem cell (ESC) survival, as homozygous Pwp1-knockout mice and ESCs have never been obtained. Heterozygous Pwp1-knockout mice had shorter telomeres and decreased reproductive capacity. Pwp1 depletion induced rapid telomere shortening accompanied by reduced shelterin complex and increased DNA damage in telomeric regions. Mechanistically, PWP1 bound and stabilized the shelterin complex via its WD40 domains and regulated the overall level of H4K20me3. The rescue of telomere length in Pwp1-deficient cells by PWP1 overexpression depended on SUV4-20H2 co-expression and increased H4K20me3. Therefore, our study revealed a novel protein involved in telomere homeostasis in both mouse and human cells. This knowledge will improve our understanding of how chromatin structure and histone modifications are involved in maintaining telomere integrity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recognition of specific chromatin modifications by distinct structural domains within "reader" proteins plays a critical role in the maintenance of genomic stability. However, the specific mechanisms involved in this process remain unclear. Here we report that the PHD-Bromo tandem domain of tripartite motif-containing 66 (TRIM66) recognizes the unmodified H3R2-H3K4 and acetylated H3K56. The aberrant deletion of Trim66 results in severe DNA damage and genomic instability in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Moreover, we find that the recognition of histone modification by TRIM66 is critical for DNA damage repair (DDR) in ESCs. TRIM66 recruits Sirt6 to deacetylate H3K56ac, negatively regulating the level of H3K56ac and facilitating the initiation of DDR. Importantly, Trim66-deficient blastocysts also exhibit higher levels of H3K56ac and DNA damage. Collectively, the present findings indicate the vital role of TRIM66 in DDR in ESCs, establishing the relationship between histone readers and maintenance of genomic stability. TRIM66 protein has an N-terminal tripartite motif and a C-terminal PHD Bromodomain. Here the authors show the specific histone modification recognition of TRIM66-PHD-Bromodomain through crystallography and biochemistry assay, and further reveal that TRIM66 recognition of certain histone modification is important for DNA damage repair in ESCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DNA methylation and histone methylation (H3K27me3) have been reported as major barriers to induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) generation using four core transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc, termed OSKM). Here, to illustrate the possibility of deriving iPSCs via demethylation, as well as the exact effects of DNA methylation and histone modification on gene expression regulation, we performed RNA sequencing to characterize the transcriptomes of ES cells and iPSCs derived by demethylation with miR-29b or shDnmt3a, and carried out integrated analyses. Results showed that OSKM + miR-29b-iPSC was more close to ES cells than the others, and up-regulated genes typically presented with methylated CpG-dense promoters and H3K27me3-enriched regions. The differentially expressed genes caused by introduction of DNA demethylation during somatic cell reprogramming mainly focus on stem cell associated GO terms and KEGG signaling pathways, which may decrease the tumorigenesis risk of iPSCs. These findings indicated that DNA methylation and histone methylation have synergetic effects on regulating gene expression during iPSC generation, and demethylation by miR-29b is better than shDnmt3a for iPSC quality. Furthermore, integrated analyses are superior for exploration of slight differences as missed by individual analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capsule endoscopy (CE) is non-invasive and painless during gastrointestinal examination. However, capsule endoscopy can increase the workload of image reviewing for clinicians, making it prone to missed and misdiagnosed diagnoses. Current researches primarily concentrated on binary classifiers, multiple classifiers targeting fewer than four abnormality types and detectors within a specific segment of the digestive tract, and segmenters for a single type of anomaly. Due to intra-class variations, the task of creating a unified scheme for detecting multiple gastrointestinal diseases is particularly challenging. A cascade neural network designed in this study, Cascade-EC, can automatically identify and localize four types of gastrointestinal lesions in CE images: angiectasis, bleeding, erosion, and polyp. Cascade-EC consists of EfficientNet for image classification and CA_stm_Retinanet for lesion detection and location. As the first layer of Cascade-EC, the EfficientNet network classifies CE images. CA_stm_Retinanet, as the second layer, performs the target detection and location task on the classified image. CA_stm_Retinanet adopts the general architecture of Retinanet. Its feature extraction module is the CA_stm_Backbone from the stack of CA_stm Block. CA_stm Block adopts the split-transform-merge strategy and introduces the coordinate attention. The dataset in this study is from Shanghai East Hospital, collected by PillCam SB3 and AnKon capsule endoscopes, which contains a total of 7936 images of 317 patients from the years 2017 to 2021. In the testing set, the average precision of Cascade-EC in the multi-lesions classification task was 94.55%, the average recall was 90.60%, and the average F1 score was 92.26%. The mean mAP@ 0.5 of Cascade-EC for detecting the four types of diseases is 85.88%. The experimental results show that compared with a single target detection network, Cascade-EC has better performance and can effectively assist clinicians to classify and detect multiple lesions in CE images., (© 2024. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Society for Imaging Informatics in Medicine.)