1. Long-term effects of Omicron BA.2 breakthrough infection on immunity-metabolism balance: a 6-month prospective study.
- Author
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Li, Yanhua, Qin, Shijie, Dong, Lei, Qiao, Shitong, Wang, Xiao, Yu, Dongshan, Gao, Pengyue, Hou, Yali, Quan, Shouzhen, Li, Ying, Fan, Fengyan, Zhao, Xin, Ma, Yueyun, and Gao, George Fu
- Subjects
BREAKTHROUGH infections ,SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant ,POST-acute COVID-19 syndrome ,COVID-19 ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
There have been reports of long coronavirus disease (long COVID) and breakthrough infections (BTIs); however, the mechanisms and pathological features of long COVID after Omicron BTIs remain unclear. Assessing long-term effects of COVID-19 and immune recovery after Omicron BTIs is crucial for understanding the disease and managing new-generation vaccines. Here, we followed up mild BA.2 BTI convalescents for six-month with routine blood tests, proteomic analysis and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). We found that major organs exhibited ephemeral dysfunction and recovered to normal in approximately six-month after BA.2 BTI. We also observed durable and potent levels of neutralizing antibodies against major circulating sub-variants, indicating that hybrid humoral immunity stays active. However, platelets may take longer to recover based on proteomic analyses, which also shows coagulation disorder and an imbalance between anti-pathogen immunity and metabolism six-month after BA.2 BTI. The immunity-metabolism imbalance was then confirmed with retrospective analysis of abnormal levels of hormones, low blood glucose level and coagulation profile. The long-term malfunctional coagulation and imbalance in the material metabolism and immunity may contribute to the development of long COVID and act as useful indicator for assessing recovery and the long-term impacts after Omicron sub-variant BTIs. Here the authors study recovery from mild to moderate Omicron breakthrough infection at six months post infection. Serum proteomics, PBMC single-cell transcriptomics and clinical parameters indicate slow recovery with coagulation abnormalities and an imbalance of the immune response and metabolism remaining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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