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Background: The objective of this study is to evaluate the legal proceedings that arise from Female Genital Cosmetic Surgeries (FGCS) and analyze the reasons why women file complaints against their surgeons. Additionally, we examined the outcomes of the legal decisions associated with these complaints. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran province, Iran, from 2012 to 2021. The primary data source for this study was forensic medical records, which were reviewed to gather relevant information. The collected data included the characteristics of the participants, the reasons for lawsuits, the procedure setting, and the outcomes of the legal decisions. Results: A total of 121 patients were examined in the study, revealing that Labiaplasty was the most prevalent procedure (49.6%), followed by vaginoplasty (19.8%) and perineoplasty (13.2%). The most common complaints were related to cosmetic concerns (57%), lack of recovery (26.4%), and sexual dysfunctions (22.3%). Healthcare providers were found liable for malpractice in 52.1% of cases. Additionally, having the surgery performed by a gynecologist decreased the risk of malpractice (β = 0.21, p= 0.034), while procedures in private clinics increased the risk (β = 2.95, p = 0.040). Conclusion: The study's findings emphasized the importance of providing women with comprehensive education and consultations to ensure they are well-informed about the potential outcomes and risks of FGCS. Furthermore, the study highlighted the significance of having these surgical procedures performed by skilled and experienced surgeons. Level of Evidence V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these evidence-based medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aims to document a woman's external genitalia data in the form of a labiogram and investigate whether variations in the size of specific components of a woman's external genitalia can influence her overall satisfaction with the esthetic appearance of her genitalia. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out on a sample of 500 Iranian women. Socio-demographic information was collected for all participants, and they completed the Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS) questionnaire. Measurements of different external genitalia components were obtained for all participants. Results: The findings revealed that there was no significant association between the measurements of the external genitalia and age or BMI. However, a significant negative correlation was observed between the total score on the FGSIS and specific parameters related to the width of different sections of the labia minora. The correlations were as follows: left lower third (r = − 0.305), lower right third (r = − 0.302), left middle third (r = − 0.365), right middle third (r = − 0.435), left upper third (r = − 0.397), and right upper third (r = − 0.407) (P value< 0.001). Moreover, cutoff points of 1.95 cm on the left side and 1.90 cm on the right side were identified through analysis as thresholds for predicting dissatisfaction among women. Conclusion: This study suggests that the width of the labia minora might influence certain women's motivation to undergo labiaplasty, a surgical procedure designed to modify the labia minora. To help women make informed decisions, it is crucial for those considering the procedure to have a comprehensive understanding of different labia minora types, potential benefits, and associated risks. By being well-informed, individuals can make choices that align with their personal preferences and priorities. Level of Evidence IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the definitive known effect of magnesium on insulin resistance and the fact that insulin resistance is a main etiology in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), it is assumed the use of magnesium supplements can improve insulin resistance, lipid profiles, and glucose and thus may also play a role in improving the clinical condition of patients with PCOS. We aimed to assess the effects of magnesium supplements on anthropometric, clinical, and metabolic parameters in women suffering from PCOS. This triple-blind randomized clinical trial study was conducted on women aged 15–35 years with PCOS. The patients were randomly assigned to receive a magnesium oxide supplement (250 mg/day for 2 months) or a placebo. The study parameters were evaluated and compared between two groups before as well as 2 months and 5 months after the initial assessment. In total, 40 cases (20 in each group) were recruited in the study. A significant reduction in the serum insulin level (P-value = 0.036) and insulin resistance (p-value = 0.032) was observed in the case group. Prescribing magnesium supplements could also lead to lowering total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and fasting blood sugar along with increasing the level of high-density lipoprotein. We could not find any significant difference in anthropometric parameters as well as the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures before and after intervention between the two groups. Although the rate of oligomenorrhea significantly decreased in the two study groups, it was no different across the two groups before and also after the intervention. The use of magnesium supplements in patients with PCO, regardless of the etiology or progression of the disease, can greatly improve the metabolic status of these patients by improving insulin resistance and modulating the level of lipid profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of structured workshops in improving the knowledge and skills of obstetrics and gynecology residents for repairing high-grade perineal lacerations. Materials and methods: This quasi-experimental multicenter study evaluated the baseline knowledge of obstetrics and gynecology residents using an online patient-management problem (PMP) tool. After the initial evaluation, a workshop was conducted using sponge models to teach the practical technique for repairing high-grade perineal lacerations, including external and internal anal sphincter repair. The residents' knowledge was reassessed by PMP exams at 3 and 6 months after the workshop, and the scores were compared to the baseline statistics. Result: Eighty residents participated in the study, including 26, 22, and 32 at the first, second, and third-year levels of residency, respectively. The total PMP scores significantly improved after three months of the workshop, with an increasing total score from 15.5 (baseline) to 31.3 (p = 0.027) (range of total score from − 63 to + 52). The senior residents performed better before and after three months of the intervention. However, in the six-month follow-up, the total PMP score of all residents decreased to 12.3 with no significant difference with pre-education scores at all levels. Similar significant results were also reported for each PMP question at all levels of residency. Conclusion: The study found that obstetrics and gynecology residents had substandard knowledge in repairing perineal lacerations. Although the training workshop significantly increased residents' knowledge, its effectiveness diminished over time, indicating a need for continuous or periodic training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies on different satellite images have not yet introduced a single attribute with the highest accuracy for different applications. In this paper, a novel classification system with the highest strength against possible noises is offered using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and its performance is evaluated on the selected satellite images. So, an optimal high-strength classifier with the sufficient level of accuracy is proposed executing Composite Kernels and Ensemble of Classifiers. Results obtained from applying this method on IKONOS (91.65%) and AVIRIS (97.71%) satellite images (in Tehran and Indian Pine study areas) showed that the proposed method accuracy is higher than the Direct Summation of Kernels, Weighted Summation of Kernels, Cross Information Kernels and Extracted Features techniques. The main reason for this significant difference is the wide range and variety of input features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "The Effect of Magnesium Supplementation on Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Profiles in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial." The correction provides the missing affiliation for Mahdi Tavakolizadeh, which is the Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The correction notice also states that Springer Nature, the publisher, remains neutral regarding jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. The authors of the article are Shabnam Shahmoradi, Hossein Chiti, Mahdi Tavakolizadeh, Robabeh Hatami, Nima Motamed, and Marjan Ghaemi. [Extracted from the article]

Background: This study aimed to describe the efficacy of hysteroscopy in the management of women with the persistent gestational trophoblastic disease (PGTD)/GTN to reduce the need for chemotherapy. Materials and methods: This prospective, single-arm, clinical trial study was recruited in an educational referral hospital between September 2018 and September 2019. Totally, 30 participants with a history of hydatidiform mole that was managed by uterine evacuation and developed low risk persistent gestational trophoblastic disease were recruited. Hysteroscopy was performed for removal of persisted trophoblastic tissue. Serum beta-hCG titer was measured before and 7 days after the procedure. Results: The mean ± SD age of the participants was 31.4 ± 4.6 years. There was a significant difference (p = 0.06) between that mean ± SD of beta-hCG titer before (8168.4 ± 1758) and after (2648.8 ± 5888) hysteroscopy. Only two (6.6%) cases underwent chemotherapy due to no drop in the beta-hCG titer. Conclusion: Hysteroscopy may play a significant role in the management of GTN, although it requires validation in larger prospective randomized studies and longer follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the nigella sativa vs. placebo effect on anthropometric and biochemical indices in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. Methods: This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted as a third-phase trial among 140 menopausal women within the age of 45–60 years old, who were suffering from metabolic syndrome and were assigned to receive 500 mg nigella sativa or placebo pill once daily. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters including body weight, waist circumference, serum lipid profile, fasting blood sugar, and HbA1C were measured at baseline and 8 weeks after administration the ingredient or placebo. Results: In nigella sativa group, the serum markers such as low-density lipoprotein (115.1 ± 17.6 vs. 127.7 ± 12.6), triglyceride (158.3 ± 14.0 vs. 166.7 ± 16.0), total cholesterol (115.1 ± 17.6 vs. 127.7 ± 12.6), and fasting blood sugar (90.8 ± 16.9 vs. 113.7 ± 12.1) decreased significantly compared with the placebo (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Administration of nigella sativa might be recommended for improving lipid profile and blood sugar in postmenopausal women with the metabolic syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new iterative algorithm has been presented by aggregating Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT), Bilateral filtering, Bayesian estimation, and Anisotropic Diffusion (AD) filtering to reduce the speckle noise in SAR images. For this purpose, speckle images were first decomposed using two-dimensional stationary wavelet transform and then a suitable filtering method was used to filter respective coefficients of each sub-band of the speckled images. Generally, in wavelet transform-based noise reduction methods, filtering and thresholding techniques are usually applied to the coefficients of the detail sub-bands and the residual speckle noise is ignored in the approximate sub-band. In this paper, bilateral filtering has been applied to reduce the speckle noise in the approximate sub-band. We used Bayesian estimator to calculate the noise-free signal in the horizontal and vertical sub-bands with respect to that some parts of signal coefficients are eliminated in the traditional thresholding techniques. Moreover, we applied anisotropic diffusion filtering method to preserve the edges and structure of image along the diagonal subband which has more details (the entropy is maximum) than other directions in radar and optic images. Finally, both the proposed algorithm and other speckle noise reduction methods were applied on two synthetic speckled images and an actual SAR image in San Francisco. Their efficiencies were compared according to the Structural SIMilarity(SSIM), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Equivalent Number of Looks (ENL), Speckle Suppression Index (SSI) and Speckle Suppression and Mean Preservation Index (SMPI). The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm efficiently reduces the speckle noise and preserves the edges and structure of image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoriatic arthritis is an inflammatory arthritis disabling patients with psoriasis. Bibliometric studies are tools for evaluating scientific productions in different countries, universities as well as publications related to a special topic. We aimed to perform a scientometric study to evaluate articles published under 'Psoriatic arthritis' topic and also attempted to compare publications of different authors, countries, universities, and journals related to this topic. Study was performed on all articles published between 1989 and 2009. The ISI web of science was our main source. Two key words, 'Psoriatic arthritis' and 'Psoriatic arthropathy,' were used to conduct search. Original articles were subject of further evaluation. A whole number of 3,727 article was result of our search. From this number, 1,961 (52.6 %) were original articles. Whole original articles were cited 38,613 times with average citations per item of 19.69. Gladman DD was the most popular author in this field. Articles were mostly in English (91.3 %). USA was the leading country in producing article under this topic with 463 (23.6 %) publications. University of Toronto was the first rank institution while publishing 125 (6.4 %) articles. More than half of articles were published under 'Rheumatology' subject. 'Journal of Rheumatology,' 'Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases,' and 'Arthritis and Rheumatism' were three journals with highest number of articles on this topic. There has been growing interest in psoriatic arthritis subject during these two decades. Between countries, institutions and journals; USA, university of Toronto, 'Journal of Rheumatology,' 'Annals of The Rheumatic Diseases,' and 'Arthritis and Rheumatism' have special contributions to body of literature published under this topic, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]