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In the present study, cow dung, saw dust, and blended soil were taken for (manure) biofertilizer production through vermicomposting (Eisenia fetida) experimental method. This work reports with the results of E. fetida in the mixture of blended soil, cow dung, and saw dust in different ratios for 60-day compost experimental trial. In all the experimental sets, the pH levels were not changed. The nitrogen content was changed in highest levels as 0.025% in B1, B2, B3, B4, and A4 experiments. The maximum phosphorous content was noted as 33.77% in B3 and 29.11% in A4, and the maximum potassium level was noted 33.77% in B3. The total organic carbon (TOC) levels were renowned at premier level, and slight changes of electrical conductivity were noted in all experimental sets. Nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium contents were recorded high level as 1:3:3 and 1:4:4 ratios of composed agro and cattle waste mixture on the 45th and 60th days. The present study was clearly showed and suggested that the vermicomposting technology is an exchange, renewable, and cheap cost technology for the production of good quality eco-friendly fertilizers for plants if mixed with blended soil, cow dung, and saw dust in the ratio of 1:4:4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical profile, the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of mass cultured Spirulina platensis and the structural characterization of the methanolic extracts. S. platensis was isolated from estuary and mass cultured in the laboratory, methanol was used for extraction, and the yield was calculated as 16%. The seven phytochemicals were quantified by standard procedure, and the phenol was found maximum 96.7 µg/mg followed by alkaloid 89.5 µg/mg. The antibacterial activity was performed by disc diffusion method, and the maximum activity was noted against Salmonella typhi (19 mm) followed by Escherichia coli (12 mm). The antioxidant effect was recorded as concentration-dependent, and in all, the antioxidant effect was recorded in higher concentration level including as standards. In FT-IR spectral analysis, the active functional groups alkyl halide and amine were recorded simultaneously in 1H NMR analysis, 11 chemical shifts were recorded, and it revealed the stretching of alkane, allylic, benzylic, ketone, alkyne and esters. From the results, the present study concluded that S. platensis is an alternate source of pharmaceutical industry due to its phytochemical profile and bioactive potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was aimed to investigate the nutritional composition, chemical components and anti-inflammatory activity of C. vulgaris. The isolated microalga was mass cultured in laboratory by selective media with optimum conditions. Protein content was found to be higher for 45.23% followed by carbohydrate (23.43%) and total lipid (18.12%). Minerals components was recorded by the following order: Magnesium > Calcium > Iron > Manganese > Zinc > Copper. Seven vitamins were estimated, vitamin B3 was recorded higher (13.3 mg/100 g) and B12 has shown lesser amount (0.21 mg/100 g). The pigments chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids were found to be 4.7 mg/g, 4.2 mg/g and 6.11 mg/g respectively. Secondary metabolite was extracted by methanol and chloroform and further screened for the in vitro anti-inflammatory effect through the inhibition of albumin denaturation, antiproteinase, hypotonicity-induced haemolysis and anti-lipoxygenase assays and results have been recorded by concentration dependent. From the results, the anti-inflammatory activities of the methanolic extract were found higher than the chloroform extract at 500 µg/ml. The functional groups of the potent methanolic extract were studied by FT-IR analysis which revealed the presence of alkane, nitro and carboxyl groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]