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Based on synoptic magnetic maps, we use spherical harmonic functions to decompose the global magnetic field of the Sun. Through the expansion coefficients, the power spectrum C l , and its zonal component C l Z and sectorial component C l S for order l are defined. Through two sampled synoptic maps, it is easy to show that the multipole moments in solar active years are much stronger than those in the quiet years. We decomposed the synoptic maps for Carrington rotations (CRs) 1625 to 2224, i.e., corresponding Solar Cycles 21 – 24, and studied the evolution of multipole moments. Except for the monopole, the power spectra C l for most moments have an obvious 11-year period. The dipole and octupole in Solar Cycle 22 are much stronger than in the other three cycles. The zonal components of dipole and octupole are opposite to the phases of most modes, while the sectorial components of them are consistent with most phases. In addition, compared to the phase of the yearly sunspot number, the phases of most multipoles are relatively delayed, except for the zonal modes of the quadrupole and 32-pole (l = 5 ). We find that the zonal mode of l = 5 is very strong, which leads ahead of the phase of the yearly sunspot number for about 10 CRs. Additionally, unlike the other modes, it has a strong 5.5-year period. Then, the zonal mode of l = 5 is mainly induced by the magnetic field of the sunspots, which is further confirmed in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More and more attention has been paid to microservices from traditional monolithic workflows. How to rent on-demand and spot instances for microservice tasks in cloud computing is crucial to save rental costs for customers. According to the out-of-bid failure risks of spot instances and application deadline constraints, it is challenging to adaptively determine the number of on-demand and spot instances, allocate microservice tasks to the rented instances, and reschedule interrupted tasks. In this paper, we consider the problem of scheduling microservice workflows with hybrid resource provisioning. An adaptive-learning based scheduling algorithmic framework is proposed to intelligently sequence, allocate and online adjust tasks as well as monitor spot instance. Strategies for each component are developed. Components and parameter values are statistically calibrated over a comprehensive set of random instances. The proposed algorithm is compared to modified classical algorithms for similar problems. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposal for the considered problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scaffolding adapter GAB2 maps to a region (11q13-14) commonly amplified in human breast cancer, and is overexpressed in breast cancer cell lines and primary tumors, but its functional role in mammary carcinogenesis has remained unexplored. We found that overexpression of GAB2 (Grb2-associated binding protein 2) increases proliferation of MCF10A mammary cells in three-dimensional culture. Coexpression of GAB2 with antiapoptotic oncogenes causes lumenal filling, whereas coexpression with Neu (also known as ErbB2 and HER2) results in an invasive phenotype. These effects of GAB2 are mediated by hyperactivation of the Shp2-Erk pathway. Furthermore, overexpression of Gab2 potentiates, whereas deficiency of Gab2 ameliorates, Neu-evoked breast carcinogenesis in mice. Finally, GAB2 is amplified in some GAB2-overexpressing human breast tumors. Our data suggest that GAB2 may be a key gene within an 11q13 amplicon in human breast cancer and propose a role for overexpression of GAB2 in mammary carcinogenesis. Agents that target GAB2 or GAB2-dependent pathways may be useful for treating breast tumors that overexpress GAB2 or HER2 or both. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transformation of fibroblasts by V-SEA involves activation of the ERK and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways. Effector proteins that are key mediators of the ERK and PI3K pathways, namely Grb2, the tyrosine phosphatase, SHP2 and PI3K, interact with the two phosphotyrosines found in the bidentate motif in the carboxy-terminal region of V-SEA. Genetic analysis demonstrated that while Y557 was a primary binding site and thus activator of the PI3K-Akt pathway, Y564 also contributed to the activation of this pathway. Y564 was located within a Grb2-binding motif, this raised the possibility that a protein that associated with Grb2 might be important for this PI3K activation. The scaffolding proteins Gab1 and/or Gab2 were candidates for this role. In this report, we demonstrate that V-SEA preferentially interacts with Gab2. Furthermore by using Gab2 null fibroblasts, we demonstrate that Gab2 is essential for fibroblast transformation by V-SEA. Using mutant forms of Gab2, we show that activation of the PI3K-Akt pathway via Gab2 is required for V-SEA-induced transformation. However, efficient fibroblast transformation also requires the SHP2 interaction site on Gab2.Oncogene (2003) 22, 6311-6318. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206742 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provides information on a study which examined the role for Gab2 in the allergic response experimentally. Composition of the Gab2; Function of Gab2 in signaling; Results; How the study was conducted.