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Meditation-based interventions are novel and effective non-pharmacologic treatments for veterans with PTSD. We examined relationships between treatment response, early life trauma exposure, DNA polymorphisms, and methylation in the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) and FK506-binding protein 5 (FKBP5) genes. DNA samples and clinical outcomes were examined in 72 veterans with PTSD who received meditation-based therapy in two separate studies of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and Transcendental Meditation (TM). The PTSD Checklist was administered to assess symptoms at baseline and after 9 weeks of meditation intervention. We examined the SLC6A4 promoter (5HTTLPR_L/S insertion/deletion + rs25531_A/G) polymorphisms according to previously defined gene expression groups, and the FKBP5 variant rs1360780 previously associated with PTSD disease risk. Methylation for CpG sites of SLC6A4 (28 sites) and FKBP5 (45 sites) genes was quantified in DNA samples collected before and after treatment. The 5HTTLPR LALA high expression genotype was associated with greater symptom improvement in participants exposed to early life trauma (p = 0.015). Separately, pre to post-treatment change of DNA methylation in a group of nine FKBP5 CpG sites was associated with greater symptom improvement (OR = 2.8, 95% CI 1.1–7.1, p = 0.027). These findings build on a wealth of existing knowledge regarding epigenetic and genetic relationships with PTSD disease risk to highlight the potential importance of SLC6A4 and FKBP5 for treatment mechanisms and as biomarkers of symptom improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this short note, we remove the small degeneracy assumption in our earlier works (Guo et al. in Diameter estimates in Kähler geometry. Commun Pure Appl Math. ; Sobolev inequalities on Kähler spaces. ). This is achieved by a technical improvement of Corollary 5.1 in Guo et al. As a consequence, we establish the same geometric estimates for diameter, Green’s functions and Sobolev inequalities under an entropy bound for the Kähler metrics, without any small degeneracy assumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerebrovascular abnormalities are critical indicators of stroke and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Understanding the normal evolution of brain vessels is essential for detecting early deviations and enabling timely interventions. Here, for the first time, we proposed a pipeline exploring the joint evolution of cortical volumes (CVs) and arterial volumes (AVs) in a large cohort of 2841 individuals. Using advanced deep learning for vessel segmentation, we built normative models of CVs and AVs across spatially hierarchical brain regions. We found that while AVs generally decline with age, distinct trends appear in regions like the circle of Willis. Comparing healthy individuals with those affected by AD or stroke, we identified significant reductions in both CVs and AVs, wherein patients with AD showing the most severe impact. Our findings reveal gender-specific effects and provide critical insights into how these conditions alter brain structure, potentially guiding future clinical assessments and interventions. Cerebrovascular abnormalities are key indicators of stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, the authors show evolutionary trends of cortical and vascular volumes across spatial hierarchies with a deep learning-based pipeline and varying volume reductions in different brain pathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective antibacterial therapy while accelerating the repair of bone defects is crucial for the treatment of osteomyelitis. Inspired by the protective mechanism of Andrias davidianus, we constructed an antibacterial hydrogel scaffold with excellent rigidity and long-term slow-release activity. While retaining the toughness of the skin secretion of Andrias davidianus (SSAD), the rigidity of the hydrogel material is increased by incorporating hydroxyapatite to meet the demands of bone-defect-filling materials. It also exerted antibacterial effects via the slow-release of vancomycin from local osteomyelitis lesions. Notably, the hydrogel can also carry a high stable recombinant miR-214-3p inhibitor (MSA-anti214). By the delivery of nano vector polyvinylamine, the long-term slow-release of MSA-anti214 is achieved to promote bone repair, making this composite hydrogel a potential SSAD-based osteomyelitis alleviator (SOA). In vitro and vivo results verified that the SOA effectively eliminated Staphylococcus aureus and repaired bone defects, ultimately mitigating the progression of osteomyelitis. This composite hydrogel extends the economic application prospects of A. davidianus and has provided new insights for the treatment of osteomyelitis. The study also explored new insights for the bone filling materials of bone defection and other skeletal system diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the broad potential applications of C-glycosides, facile synthetic methods remain scarce. Transforming glycosyltransferases with promiscuous or natural O-specific chemoselectivity to C-glycosyltransferases is challenging. Here, we employ rational directed evolution of the glycosyltransferase MiCGT to generate MiCGT-QDP and MiCGT-ATD mutants which either enhance C-glycosylation or switch to O-glycosylation, respectively. Structural analysis and computational simulations reveal that substrate binding mode govern C-/O-glycosylation selectivity. Notably, directed evolution and mechanism analysis pinpoint the crucial residues dictating the binding mode, enabling the rational design of four enzymes with superior non-inherent chemoselectivity, despite limited sequence homology. Moreover, our best mutants undergo testing with 34 substrates, demonstrating superb chemoselectivities, regioselectivities, and activities. Remarkably, three C-glycosides and an O-glycoside are produced on a gram scale, demonstrating practical utility. This work establishes a highly selective platform for diverse glycosides, and offers a practical strategy for creating various types of glycosylation platforms to access pharmaceutically and medicinally interesting products. Despite the potential utility of C-glycosides, synthetic routes for their synthesis are limited. Here, the authors used rational directed evolution of the glycosyltransferase MiCGT to generate MiCGT-QDP and MiCGT-ATD mutants which either enhance C-glycosylation or switch to O-glycosylation, respectively, and reveal the substrate binding mode that governs C-/O-glycosylation selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global quantum discord (GQD) refers to the number of quantum correlations present in the entire quantum many-body system, rather than just between two subsystems. Here, we utilize GQD to characterize quantum phase transitions in an Ising chain subjected to both transverse and longitudinal magnetic fields. We investigate the effects of the transverse magnetic field h x , longitudinal magnetic field h z , and temperature T on the properties of GQD while keeping the coupling strength J between spins constant. We show that we can perfectly illustrate the critical points of the model by analyzing the singularity of GQD. We find that the GQD exhibits an increase as the system size N increases, regardless of whether the temperature is zero or finite. We present the phase diagram of a mixed Ising model under the combined influence of h x and h z . Moreover, we show that we can use the features of GQD at lower temperatures to identify QPTs in quantum many-body systems and determine their critical points, as achieving absolute zero temperatures is practically impossible. Additionally, we show that GQD both at zero and finite temperatures show a linear behavior of the system size N, i.e., G = k N + b , in which k and b are the fitting parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The keyboard, a major mean of interaction between human and internet devices, should beset right for good performance during authentication task. To guarantee that one legitimate user can interleave or simultaneously interact with two or more devices with protecting user privacy, it is essential to build device adaptation free-text keystroke dynamics authentication (free-KDA) model based on multi-teacher knowledge distillation methods. Some multi-teacher knowledge distillation methods have shown effective in C-way classification task. However, it is unreasonable for free-KDA model, since free-KDA model is one-class classification task. Instead of using soft-label to capture useful knowledge of source for target device, we propose a device adaptation free-KDA model. When one user builds the authentication model for target device with limited training samples, we propose a novel optimization objective by decreasing the distance discrepancy in Euclidean distance and cosine similarity between source and target device. And then, we adopt an adaptive confidence gate strategy to solve different correlation for each user between different source devices and target device. It is verified on two keystroke datasets with different types of keyboards, and compared its performance with the existing dominant multi-teacher knowledge distillation methods. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that AUC of target device reaches up to 95.17%, which is 15.28% superior to state-of-the-art multi-teacher knowledge distillation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graph analytics attract much attention from both research and industry communities. Due to its linear time complexity, the k-core decomposition is widely used in many real-world applications such as biology, social networks, community detection, ecology, and information spreading. In many such applications, the data graphs continuously change over time. The changes correspond to edge insertion and removal. Instead of recomputing the k-core, which is time-consuming, we study how to maintain the k-core efficiently. That is, when inserting or deleting an edge, we need to identify the affected vertices by searching for more vertices. The state-of-the-art order-based method maintains an order, the so-called k-order, among all vertices, which can significantly reduce the searching space. However, this order-based method is complicated to understand and implement, and its correctness is not formally discussed. In this work, we propose a simplified order-based approach by introducing the classical Order Data Structure to maintain the k-order, which significantly improves the worst-case time complexity for both edge insertion and removal algorithms. Also, our simplified method is intuitive to understand and implement; it is easy to argue the correctness formally. Additionally, we discuss a simplified batch insertion approach. The experiments evaluate our simplified method over 12 real and synthetic graphs with billions of vertices. Compared with the existing method, our simplified approach achieves high speedups up to 7.7× and 9.7× for edge insertion and removal, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Old residential neighborhood regeneration is a crucial strategy for sustainable urban development. Based on the government's massive investment in financial, human resources, and time, old residential neighborhood regeneration is being conducted comprehensively in China. However, how efficient regeneration is remains unclear, as does whether the residents satisfied with the results. Existing studies do not address these issues. Residents' satisfaction is the ultimate pursuit of livelihood projects such as regenerating old residential neighborhoods. Therefore, this study uses the superefficiency BCC-DEA method to construct an evaluation model for regeneration efficiency and then constructs an evaluation index system based on residents' satisfaction output through the grounded theory. Taking the old residential neighborhoods in Xi'an as a case study, we found that the regeneration efficiency level is relatively good. However, the overall scale efficiency is decreasing, and significant room for improvement and optimization in regeneration efficiency remains. There is generally considerable redundancy in funding, staffing, and time investment in current regeneration projects, as well as insufficient output of residents' satisfaction with the regeneration of neighborhood environments, sustainable management mechanisms, and integrated community services. In subsequent regeneration projects, the government should appropriately downsize capital and staffing inputs in accordance with the characteristics and demands of the neighborhood, strengthen project management for more efficient implementation, adopt more flexible regeneration strategies to meet residents' diverse needs, pay more attention to sustainable development after regeneration, and optimize the regeneration efficiency of these neighborhoods by increasing the resource utilization rate and enhancing residents' satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residents' participation is crucial for sustainable old neighborhood regeneration. Residents' intentions to participate in the regeneration are low in China, resulting in unsustainable neighborhood development problems. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the drivers of residents' participation. Residents' behavioral mechanisms are deeply embedded in their social networks, especially in acquaintance social networks typical of old neighborhoods in China. By constructing a mediated moderation model based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and danwei system and taking the old neighborhood regeneration in Xi'an as a case study, this paper investigates the paths and mechanisms of the social network embeddedness, TPB, and danwei system on residents' participation intention. The results show that social network embeddedness can improve residents' intention to participate in regeneration through both direct and indirect pathways, and its indirect effect is much larger than the direct effect. Attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control significantly and positively mediated the contribution of social network embeddedness on participation intention. However, the specific mediating effect of attitude is significantly smaller than the other two. The danwei system has a significant moderating effect in the first stage of the relationship between social network embeddedness and participation intention. These imply that the extrinsic social factor of social network embeddedness is internalized as a driving force for convergence and motivation of residents' participation intentions mainly through the normative pressure and exchange of experiences between acquaintances and that the danwei system reinforces this extrinsic-intrinsic facilitation process through the danwei's "physical presence." These findings provide revelatory countermeasures for exploring the factors that motivate residents to participate actively in neighborhood regeneration and encourage their involvement at the intervention level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Free-text keystroke dynamics, the unique typing patterns of an individual, have been applied for the security of mobile devices by providing the non-intrusive and continuous user authentication. Existing authentication approaches mainly concentrate on the keystroke dynamics when operating a specific device, and overlook the generality of keystroke dynamics for cross-device user authentication. To tackle this problem, in this paper, we propose an efficient federated free-text keystroke dynamics mechanism to mitigate the difference in keyboards for cross-device authentication. Specifically, we explore and analyze the keystroke features of various keyboards and extract cross-device keystroke features. To protect user privacy, their type of rhythm information must be kept locally. We utilize federated learning based on the auxiliary model to train the authentication model. Our proposed solution was evaluated on a large-scale data set with 168,000 users. The experimental results show that our proposed solution performs well with great robustness across different types of keyboards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Titanium and its alloys have been widely applied in many biomedical fields because of its excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility. However, problems such as rejection, shedding and infection will occur after titanium alloy implantation due to the low biological activity of titanium alloy surface. The structures with specific functions, which can enhance osseointegration and antibacterial properties, are fabricated on the surface of titanium implants to improve the biological activity between the titanium implants and human tissues. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent developments and applications of surface functional structure in titanium and titanium alloy implants. The applications of surface functional structure on different titanium and titanium alloy implants are introduced, and their manufacturing technologies are summarized and compared. Furthermore, the fabrication of various surface functional structures used for titanium and titanium alloy implants is reviewed and analyzed in detail. Finally, the challenges affecting the development of surface functional structures applied in titanium and titanium alloy implants are outlined, and recommendations for future research are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We design an Algorithm to fabricate universal holomorphic maps between any two complex Euclidean spaces, within preassigned transcendental growth rate. As by-products, universal holomorphic maps from C n to C P m ( n ⩽ m ) and to complex tori having slow growth are obtained. We take inspiration from Oka manifolds theory, Nevanlinna theory, and hypercyclic operators theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most human synthesis schemes use high-performance servers, so the user interaction experience of mobile devices is not satisfied. Viewing human synthesis results on smartphones directly increases user interaction and enhances user experience. This paper proposes a smart frame selection network (SFSN) on mobile devices to reduce the traffic between smartphones and cloud. We leverage the attention and relationship model to focus on the relationship between a single frame and the entire video, which can better select important frames, thus reducing the traffic and computing effectively. In addition, we build a multi-task human synthesis system based on SFSN to process the generation tasks such as background changing, pose transfer and virtual try-on in a unified framework. Evaluation results indicate proposed approach reduces the number of frames to be processed by more than 42.2%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The future communication network will be composed of ground-based, sea based, air-based and space-based networks to build a distributed air, space and sea integrated global intelligent network across regions, airspace and sea areas. High altitude platform stations (HAPS) communication system combines the advantages of satellite and land communication systems, and effectively avoids their disadvantages. Artificial intelligence technology enables the wireless communication network, establishes the mathematical model of the wireless network according to the historical situation of the wireless network then trains the mathematical model and continuously optimizes the model, so as to obtain the optimal model, and then adjusts the model parameters according to the changes of the network in practice. The multi antenna system is mounted on the high-altitude platform stations to form multi beam to provide services for users. The beams between different the users will interfere with each other, which will affect the beam performance of high-altitude platform stations. This paper introduces an anti-interference algorithm based on particle swarm optimization. First we construct the anti-interference mathematical model of multi antennas system of high-altitude platform station. Then we train this model through particle swarm optimization algorithm. Finally, the performance of the algorithm is verified by simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compound drought and heatwave (CDH) events have become increasingly frequent and severe under global warming, with negative impacts on agriculture, ecology, and society. We quantified the changes of CDH events with different magnitudes (severities) across China at global warming thresholds of 1.5 °C, 2 °C, and 3 °C based on 12 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) model simulations. The results indicated that mild, moderate, severe, and extreme CDH events can increase significantly from 1.5 °C to 3.0 °C of global warming. The frequencies and magnitudes of CDH events during 3 °C warming period are 323.7% and 130.2% higher than those of 1.5 °C warming period. The area impacted by CDH events has expanded, with the increase during 3 °C warming period being nearly threefold that of 1.5 °C warming period. Moreover, the first CDH event will start earlier in a year, while the last event will take place later. This pattern of earlier or later onset is particularly notable with increasing temperatures, especially in northwestern parts of China (NWC). In NWC, the first or last CDH event will occur 2 months earlier or later during 3 °C warming period compared to historical period. The findings highlight the possible implications of global warming at different levels on CDH events in China and the urgency of taking effective measures to mitigate the impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A great many practical applications have observed knowledge evolution, i.e., continuous born of new knowledge, with its formation influenced by the structure of historical knowledge. This observation gives rise to evolving knowledge graphs whose structure temporally grows over time. However, both the modal characterization and the algorithmic implementation of evolving knowledge graphs remain unexplored. To this end, we propose EvolveKG–a general framework that enables algorithms in the static knowledge graphs to learn the evolving ones. EvolveKG quantifies the influence of a historical fact on a current one, called the effectiveness of the fact, and makes knowledge prediction by leveraging all the cross-time knowledge interaction. The novelty of EvolveKG lies in Derivative Graph–a weighted snapshot of evolution at a certain time. Particularly, each weight quantifies knowledge effectiveness through a temporarily decaying function of consistency and attenuation, two proposed factors depicting whether or not the effectiveness of a fact fades away with time. Besides, considering both knowledge creation and loss, we obtain higher prediction accuracy when the effectiveness of all the facts increases with time or remains unchanged. Under four real datasets, the superiority of EvolveKG is confirmed in prediction accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Melanoma, with its high degree of malignancy, stands as one of the most dangerous skin cancers and remains the primary cause of death from skin cancer. With studies demonstrating the potential of traditional Chinese medicine to intervene and treat melanoma, we turned our attention to celastrol. Celastrol is a triterpene compound extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine derived from Tripterygium wilfordii. Previous studies have shown that celastrol exerts inhibitory effects on various malignant tumors, including melanoma. Hence, our goal was to clarify the impact of celastrol on cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression by elucidating its effects on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Methods: CCK-8 and wound healing assays were used to determine the effect of celastrol on the viability and migration of B16-F10 cells. Changes in cell apoptosis, cell cycle, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by flow cytometry. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway proteins and HIF-α mRNA expression in B16-F10 cells were detected by western blotting and qPCR. Moreover, the addition of a PI3K activator demonstrated that celastrol could inhibit the function of B16-F10 cells via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Results: Celastrol inhibited the viability and migration of B16-F10 cells. Through the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway down-regulates the expression of HIF-α mRNA, thereby causing an increase of ROS in cells and a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential to promote cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The inhibitory effect of celastrol on B16-F10 cells was further demonstrated by co-culturing with a PI3K activator. Conclusion: Celastrol inhibits the function of B16-F10 cells by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR cellular pathway and regulating the expression of downstream HIF-α mRNA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) detects fluctuations in the extracellular Ca2+ concentration and maintains Ca2+ homeostasis1,2. It also mediates diverse cellular processes not associated with Ca2+ balance3–5. The functional pleiotropy of CaSR arises in part from its ability to signal through several G-protein subtypes6. We determined structures of CaSR in complex with G proteins from three different subfamilies: Gq, Gi and Gs. We found that the homodimeric CaSR of each complex couples to a single G protein through a common mode. This involves the C-terminal helix of each Gα subunit binding to a shallow pocket that is formed in one CaSR subunit by all three intracellular loops (ICL1–ICL3), an extended transmembrane helix 3 and an ordered C-terminal region. G-protein binding expands the transmembrane dimer interface, which is further stabilized by phospholipid. The restraint imposed by the receptor dimer, in combination with ICL2, enables G-protein activation by facilitating conformational transition of Gα. We identified a single Gα residue that determines Gq and Gs versus Gi selectivity. The length and flexibility of ICL2 allows CaSR to bind all three Gα subtypes, thereby conferring capacity for promiscuous G-protein coupling.Structures of the human calcium-sensing receptor can be bound into complex with G proteins from three different Gα subtypes while maintaining G-protein-binding specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use families of circular null geodesics as probes of a family of microstate geometries, known as (1, 0, n) superstrata. These geometries carry a left-moving momentum wave and the behavior of some of the geodesic probes is very sensitive to this background wave. The left-moving geodesics behave like BPS particles and so can be placed in circular orbits anywhere in the geometry and actually “float” at fixed radius and angle in the three-dimensional “capped BTZ” geometry. The right-moving geodesics behave like non-BPS particles. We show that they provide a simple geometric characterization of the black-hole bound: when the momentum charge of the geometry is below this bound, such geodesics can be placed anywhere, but exceeding the bound, even by a small amount, means these geodesics are restricted to the deep interior of the geometry. We also show that for left-moving string probes, the tidal forces remain comparable with those of global AdS3. Nevertheless, for some of these probes, the “bumps” in the geometry induce an oscillatory mass term and we discuss how this can lead to chaotic scrambling of the state of the string. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The long non-coding RNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) plays a crucial role in transcriptional silencing of the X chromosome. Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) is a transcription factor involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulation. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the impact of XIST on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) progression and its underlying mechanism involving the miR-34a/ZEB1/E-cadherin/EMT pathway. Methods: XIST and ZEB1 expression were analyzed using quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. XIST knockdown was achieved in KYSE150 ESCC cells using siRNA or shRNA lentivirus transfection. Proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities were assessed, and luciferase reporter assays were performed to confirm XIST-miR-34a-ZEB1 interactions. In vivo ESCC growth was evaluated using a xenograft mouse model. Results: XIST and ZEB1 were upregulated in tumor tissues, correlating with metastasis and reduced survival. XIST knockdown inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of KYSE150 cells. It decreased ZEB1 expression, increased E-cadherin and miR-34a levels. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed miR-34a binding to XIST and ZEB1. XIST knockdown suppressed xenograft tumor growth. Conclusion: XIST promotes ESCC progression via the miR-34a/ZEB1/E-cadherin/EMT pathway. Targeting the XIST/miR-34a/ZEB1 axis holds therapeutic potential and serves as a prognostic biomarker in ESCC. This study has discovered an XIST-associated pathway involved in the regulation of ZEB1 expression, thereby influencing the progression of squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The specific mechanism is as follows: XIST can regulates ZEB1 expression by sponging miR-34a, ultimately promoting the metastasis of tumor by down-regulating the expression of E-cadherin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bound state of one NS5 brane (wrapped on a 핋4) and N NS1-branes has two dual descriptions: its low-energy dynamics is described by the symmetric orbifold of 핋4, while the near horizon geometry is captured by string theory on AdS3 × S3 × 핋4 with one unit of NS flux. The latter theory is exactly solvable in the hybrid formalism, and this allows one to prove the equivalence of the two descriptions. In this paper we extend this duality to ℤk orbifolds of this AdS3 × S3 background. In particular, we show that the corresponding worldsheet spectrum reproduces exactly the perturbative excitations on top of a certain non-perturbative state in the dual symmetric orbifold theory. Since the AdS/CFT duality map is exact for these models, we obtain an interesting picture of how the duality relates boundary and bulk descriptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proper proteostasis is indispensable for the long-term maintenance of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). The TRiC/CCT (chaperonin-containing TCP-1) complex, a key constituent of cellular machinery facilitating accurate protein folding, has remained enigmatic in its specific function within HSPCs. Here we show that conditional knockout (KO) of Cct5 significantly impairs the maintenance of murine HSPCs. Primary and secondary transplantation experiments unequivocally demonstrate the incapacity of Cct5 KO HSPCs to reconstitute both myeloid and lymphoid lineage cells in recipient mice, highlighting the pivotal role of the TRiC/CCT complex in governing these cellular lineages. Furthermore, leveraging an integrated approach that merges a Protein–Protein Interaction (PPI) database with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data of HSPCs, our analysis reveals intricate interactions between Cct5 and vital transcription factors crucial for HSC homeostasis. Notably, Cct5 engages with MYC, PIAS1, TP53, ESR1, HOXA1, and JUN, intricately regulating the transcriptional landscape governing autophagy, myeloid differentiation, and cytoskeleton organization within HSPCs. Our study unveils the profound significance of TRiC/CCT complex-mediated proteostasis in orchestrating the maintenance and functionality of HSPCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conclusion: Inspired by the collective intelligence observed in natural swarms, where individual proactive actions contribute to superior global performance, we advocate for a shift towards Swarm DL. By harnessing the potential of physically adjacent mobile devices in IoT scenarios, we present DeepSwarm, a closed-loop system framework architecture. DeepSwarm facilitates bidirectional optimization between data acquisition and processing, aiming to push the performance boundaries of on-device DL Specifically, DeepSwarm addresses the requirements of proactive Swarm DL by decomposing them into layers: self-organized swarm data acquisition and self-adaptive, self-evolutionary swarm data processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in maintaining immune homeostasis in multiple sclerosis (MS). Hence, we aimed to explore the therapeutic efficacy and safety of adoptive cell therapy (ACT) utilizing induced antigen-specific Tregs in an animal model of MS, that is, in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. B cells from EAE model that were activated with soluble CD40L were used as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to induce the differentiation of antigen-specific Tregs from naïve CD4 precursors, and then, a stepwise isolation of CD4+CD25highCD127low Tregs was performed using a flow sorter. All EAE mice were divided into Treg-treated group (2 × 104 cells in 0.2 mL per mouse, n = 14) and sham-treated group (0.2 mL normal saline (NS), n = 20), which were observed daily for clinical assessment, and for abnormal appearance for 6 weeks. Afterward, histological analysis, immunofluorescence and real-time PCR were performed. Compared to sham-treated mice, Treg-treated mice exhibited a significant decrease in disease severity scores and reduced inflammatory infiltration and demyelination in the spinal cord. Additionally, Tregs-treated mice demonstrated higher CCN3 protein and mRNA levels than sham-treated mice. The results of this preclinical study further support the therapeutic potential of this ACT approach in the treatment of MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the D1D5 CFT the twist operator of order 2 can twist together two copies in the untwisted sector into a single joined copy in the twisted sector. Traditionally, this effect is computed by using the covering map method. Recently, a new method was developed using the Bogoliubov ansatz and conformal symmetry to compute this effect in a toy model of one free boson. In this paper, we use this method with superconformal symmetry to compute the effect of the twist operator in the D1D5 CFT. This may provide more effective tools for computing correlation functions of twist operators in this system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the behaviors of solutions to the initial-boundary value problem for a fourth-order parabolic equation with gradient nonlinearity. More precisely, we first get a threshold result for the solutions to exist globally or to blow up in finite time when the initial energy is subcritical and critical, and give an upper bound estimate of the lifespan. Furthermore, we derive the sufficient conditions for the existence of global and blow-up solutions for supercritical initial energy. Finally, we also give a lower bound estimate of the lifespan and obtain some estimates for blow-up rate. These results extend and improve some recent results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Basalt weathering has the potential to absorb and sequester CO2 as inorganic carbon, while its weathering byproducts, montmorillonite and kaolinite, have the capacity to stabilize organic carbon. Nonetheless, the practical viability of basalt weathering in achieving the stabilization of inorganic carbon and its impact on organic carbon dynamics in the soil priming effect (PE) remains unclear. Methods: An incubation experiment was conducted by adding 13C-glucose with or without basalt, montmorillonite, or kaolinite to a Luvisol soil planted with peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) for more than 20 years. CO2 emission and its 13C value were continuously measured to calculate the PE and soil net carbon balance. Results: After a 28-day incubation, basalt resulted in an increase in soil pH from 5.32 to 7.17 and showed a 143.7% and 168.6% increase in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and soil inorganic carbon (SIC), respectively. Subsequently, basalt induced the highest cumulative PE among all treatments, with the activities of soil β-glucosidase (S-β-GC), soil leucine amino peptidase (S-LAP), and soil catalase (S-CAT) being the highest. Furthermore, kaolinite significantly decreased emissions of CO2-C, glucose mineralization, and cumulative PE (P < 0.05). It is worth noting that all treatments significantly enhanced the net soil net carbon balance, with the most significant improvement observed in the kaolinite treatment. Conclusions: The weathering process of basalt can significantly promote the stabilization of SIC in PE, whereas kaolinite exhibits the most pronounced impact on the stabilization of soil organic carbon (SOC), resulting in the greatest increase in soil net carbon balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the feasibility of the postoperative diagnostic 131I whole-body planar scans (Dx-WBS) in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients, and to clarify its value for accurate staging, risk stratification, and postoperative radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment management. Design: Retrospective study from 2015 to 2021. Setting: A total of 1294 PTC patients in the tertiary referral hospital. Participants: Patients with differentiated thyroid cancer who underwent total/subtotal thyroidectomy were included. Patients with non-PTC pathological type, non-first RAI treatment, and incomplete data such as Dx-WBS and postablation WBS (Rx-WBS) were excluded. Methods: The diagnostic efficacy of Dx-WBS was calculated with Rx-WBS as the reference. All patients were initially staged by the 8th edition of TNM staging, and risk stratification was performed based on clinical and pathological information. After Dx-WBS, the risk stratification was re-evaluated, and management was reconfirmed. Results: The detection rates of Dx-WBS for residual thyroid, cervical lymph nodes, upper mediastinal lymph nodes, lung, and bone distant metastasis were 97.6%, 78.3%, 82.1%, 66.7%, and 61.2%, respectively. The risk stratification of 113 patients (8.7%) changed after Dx-WBS, of which 107 patients changed from low to intermediate risk, 2 from low to high risk, and 4 from medium to high risk. A total of 241 patients (18.6%) adjusted the RAI regimen after Dx-WBS. Conclusion: This study confirms the diagnostic efficacy of the postoperative Dx-WBS in PTC patients and the value of Dx-WBS in accurately assessing risk stratification, as well as assisting in determining RAI treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the representative volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons detected in wastewater, the removal of composite chlorinated ethenes is a major challenge in wastewater treatment. In the present study, an efficient removal system for composite chlorinated ethenes was reported, in which gallic acid was used to enhance the activation of persulfate by Fe/Ni nanoparticles. The influences of gallic acid-Fe/Ni and persulfate concentrations, initial pH value, reaction temperature, inorganic anions, and natural organic matters were evaluated in the composite chlorinated ethenes removal. Our results showed that the gallic acid-Fe/Ni-persulfate system with 9.0 mM of gallic acid-Fe/Ni and 30.0 mM of persulfate yielded about 100% trichloroethylene removal and 97.3%-98.6% perchloroethylene removal in the pH range of 3.0–12.0. Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis and radical quenching experiments indicated that SO4•− and •OH were the predominant radical species under acidic and alkaline conditions. Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer tests revealed the Fe-gallic acid chelation could regulate the concentration of iron ions and improve the reactivity of gallic acid-Fe/Ni. These results demonstrated that the gallic acid-Fe/Ni-persulfate system was a promising strategy for treating composite chlorinated ethenes-containing wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Predictive maintenance has emerged as an effective tool for curbing maintenance costs, yet prevailing research predominantly concentrates on the abnormal phases. Within the ostensibly stable healthy phase, the reliance on anomaly detection to preempt equipment malfunctions faces the challenge of sudden anomaly discernment. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a dual-task learning approach for bearing anomaly detection and state evaluation of safe regions. The proposed method transforms the execution of the two tasks into an optimization issue of the hypersphere center. By leveraging the monotonicity and distinguishability pertinent to the tasks as the foundation for optimization, it reconstructs the SVDD model to ensure equilibrium in the model's performance across the two tasks. Subsequent experiments verify the proposed method's effectiveness, which is interpreted from the perspectives of parameter adjustment and enveloping trade-offs. In the meantime, experimental results also show two deficiencies in anomaly detection accuracy and state evaluation metrics. Their theoretical analysis inspires us to focus on feature extraction and data collection to achieve improvements. The proposed method lays the foundation for realizing predictive maintenance in a healthy stage by improving condition awareness in safe regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A gradient estimate for complex Monge–Ampère equations which improves in some respects on known estimates is proved using the ABP maximum principle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prostate is a vital accessory gonad in the mammalian male reproductive system. With the ever-increasing proportion of the population over 60 years of age worldwide, the incidence of prostate diseases, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa), is on the rise and is gradually becoming a significant medical problem globally. The notch signaling pathway is essential in regulating prostate early development. However, the potential regulatory mechanism of Notch signaling in prostatic enlargement and hyperplasia remains unclear. In this study, we proved that overactivation of Notch1 signaling in mouse prostatic epithelial cells (OEx) led to prostatic enlargement via enhancing proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis of prostatic epithelial cells. Further study showed that N1ICD/RBPJ directly up-regulated the androgen receptor (AR) and enhanced prostatic sensitivity to androgens. Hyper-proliferation was not found in orchidectomized OEx mice without androgen supply but was observed after Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) supplementation. Our data showed that the number of mitochondrion in prostatic epithelial cells of OEx mice was increased, but the mitochondrial function was impaired, and the essential activity of the mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain was significantly weakened. Disordered mitochondrial number and metabolic function further resulted in excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Importantly, anti-oxidant N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) therapy could alleviate prostatic hyperplasia caused by the over-activation of Notch1 signaling. Furthermore, we observed the incremental Notch signaling activity in progenitor-like club cells in the scRNA-seq data set of human BPH patients. Moreover, the increased number of TROP2+ progenitors and Club cells was also confirmed in our OEx mice. In conclusion, our study revealed that over-activated Notch1 signaling induces prostatic enlargement by increasing androgen receptor sensitivity, disrupting cellular mitochondrial metabolism, increasing ROS, and a higher number of progenitor cells, all of which can be effectively rescued by NAC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air pollution generated by urbanization and industrialization poses a significant negative impact on public health. Particularly, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has become one of the leading causes of lung cancer mortality worldwide. The relationship between air pollutants and lung cancer has aroused global widespread concerns. Currently, the spatial agglomeration dynamic of lung cancer incidence (LCI) has been seldom discussed, and the spatial heterogeneity of lung cancer's influential factors has been ignored. Moreover, it is still unclear whether different socioeconomic levels and climate zones exhibit modification effects on the relationship between PM2.5 and LCI. In the present work, spatial autocorrelation was adopted to reveal the spatial aggregation dynamic of LCI, the emerging hot spot analysis was introduced to indicate the hot spot changes of LCI, and the geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model was used to determine the affecting factors of LCI and their spatial heterogeneity. Then, the modification effects of PM2.5 on the LCI under different socioeconomic levels and climatic zones were explored. Some findings were obtained. The LCI demonstrated a significant spatial autocorrelation, and the hot spots of LCI were mainly concentrated in eastern China. The affecting factors of LCI revealed an obvious spatial heterogeneity. PM2.5 concentration, nighttime light data, 2 m temperature, and 10 m u-component of wind represented significant positive effects on LCI, while education-related POI exhibited significant negative effects on LCI. The LCI in areas with low urbanization rates, low education levels, and extreme climate conditions was more easily affected by PM2.5 than in other areas. The results can provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of lung cancer and related epidemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the unique cell type in articular cartilage, chondrocyte senescence is a crucial cellular event contributing to osteoarthritis development. Here we show that clathrin-mediated endocytosis and activation of Notch signaling promotes chondrocyte senescence and osteoarthritis development, which is negatively regulated by myosin light chain 3. Myosin light chain 3 (MYL3) protein levels decline sharply in senescent chondrocytes of cartilages from model mice and osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Conditional deletion of Myl3 in chondrocytes significantly promoted, whereas intra-articular injection of adeno-associated virus overexpressing MYL3 delayed, OA progression in male mice. MYL3 deficiency led to enhanced clathrin-mediated endocytosis by promoting the interaction between myosin VI and clathrin, further inducing the internalization of Notch and resulting in activation of Notch signaling in chondrocytes. Pharmacologic blockade of clathrin-mediated endocytosis-Notch signaling prevented MYL3 loss-induced chondrocyte senescence and alleviated OA progression in male mice. Our results establish a previously unknown mechanism essential for cellular senescence and provide a potential therapeutic direction for OA. Age is the greatest risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA) and chondrocyte senescence is an important cellular event that contributes to OA development. This study shows that clathrin-mediated endocytosis and activation of Notch signaling promotes articular chondrocyte senescence and OA development, which is negatively regulated by myosin light chain 3 (MYL3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this study, we used computed tomography (CT)-based radiomics signatures to predict the mutation status of KRAS in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and to identify the phase of radiomics signature with the most robust and high performance from triphasic enhanced CT. Methods: This study involved 447 patients who underwent KRAS mutation testing and preoperative triphasic enhanced CT. They were categorized into training (n = 313) and validation cohorts (n = 134) in a 7:3 ratio. Radiomics features were extracted using triphasic enhanced CT imaging. The Boruta algorithm was used to retain the features closely associated with KRAS mutations. The Random Forest (RF) algorithm was used to develop radiomics, clinical, and combined clinical–radiomics models for KRAS mutations. The receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curve, and decision curve were used to evaluate the predictive performance and clinical usefulness of each model. Results: Age, CEA level, and clinical T stage were independent predictors of KRAS mutation status. After rigorous feature screening, four arterial phase (AP), three venous phase (VP), and seven delayed phase (DP) radiomics features were retained as the final signatures for predicting KRAS mutations. The DP models showed superior predictive performance compared to AP or VP models. The clinical–radiomics fusion model showed excellent performance, with an AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.772, 0.792, and 0.646 in the training cohort, and 0.755, 0.724, and 0.684 in the validation cohort, respectively. The decision curve showed that the clinical–radiomics fusion model had more clinical practicality than the single clinical or radiomics model in predicting KRAS mutation status. Conclusion: The clinical–radiomics fusion model, which combines the clinical and DP radiomics model, has the best predictive performance for predicting the mutation status of KRAS in CRC, and the constructed model has been effectively verified by an internal validation cohort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The grain boundary (GB) influences crack propagation, and the intrinsic brittleness/ductility of GB may be related to the interfacial structures. This work examined the effects of [ 1 2 ¯ 10 ] symmetrical tilting grain boundary (STGB) on the crack behaviors in bicrystal Mg to investigate the fracture mechanisms of hexagonal close-packed Mg. The [ 1 2 ¯ 10 ] STGB bicrystal Mg models were constructed via the molecular dynamics method, and the cleavage/emission crack-tip behaviors of pre-existing inter-granular and intra-granular cracks under Mode I crack-tip stress intensity loading at T = 0 K were first studied using anisotropic linear elastic fracture mechanics and atomic simulations. For inter-granular cracks, the crack-tip behaviors depend on the intrinsic brittleness/ductility of the [ 1 2 ¯ 10 ] STGB. The crack at the brittle GB and the nucleated voids around the crack tip cause crack propagation via void growth and coalescence. The crack tip at the ductile GB was blunted by dislocation emission around the crack tip. The results show that by introducing ductile [ 1 2 ¯ 10 ] STGB, the crack-tip can be blunted, and the GB fracture can be prevented in Mg. For intra-granular cracks, the brittle crack tip cleaved along its cleavage plane, and the crack tip showed cleavage/emission competitive behaviors due to the influences of GB stress. The stress field of the crack-tip induced the migration of [ 1 2 ¯ 10 ] STGB. Both the cleavage and emission behaviors were observed at the crack tip with very close critical stress intensity for Griffith cleavage (KIc) and dislocation emission (KIe). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the underlying mechanism of inhibition by Jinkui Shenqi Pills (JKSQP) on glucocorticoid-enhanced axial length elongation in experimental lens-induced myopia (LIM) guinea pigs. Methods: Sixty 2-week old male guinea pigs were randomly divided into 4 groups with 15 guinea pigs in each group, according to the random numbers generated by SPSS software: control, LIM, saline and JKSQP groups. The control group includes animals with no treatment, while the guinea pigs in the other 3 groups received lens-induced myopization on the right eyes throughout the experiment (for 8 weeks). The saline and JKSQP groups were given daily intraperitoneal injections of 10 mg/kg hydrocortisone for 2 consecutive weeks at the same time, and then orally administered either saline or JKSQP [13.5 g/(kg•d) for 6 consecutive weeks. Body weight, anal temperature and animal appearance were observed and recorded to evaluate the GC-associated symptoms. The ocular parameters, including refraction and axial length, were measured by streak retinoscopy and A-scan ultrasonography, respectively. The levels of plasma hormones associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA), including free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, estradiol and testosterone, were measured by radioimmunoassay, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, the mRNA and protein expressions of retinal amphiregulin (AREG) was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. Results: JKSQP effectively increased body weight and anal temperature, improved animal appearance and suppressed axial length elongation in glucocorticoid-enhanced myopic guinea pigs with normalization of 4 HPAA-associated plasma hormones (all P<0.05). The plasma level of cAMP was significantly increased, whereas the plasma level of cGMP and the mRNA and protein expressions of retinal AREG were decreased after treatment with JKSQP (all P<0.05). Conclusion: JKSQP exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on axial length elongation with decreased expression of AREG in the retina, and normalized 4 HPAA-associated plasma hormones and the expression of cAMP and cGMP in GC-enhanced myopic guinea pigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the huge carbon footprint of agricultural activities, reduction in agricultural carbon emission (ACE) is important to achieve China’s carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, but it may affect agricultural food security and economic development. Therefore, it is important for scientific carbon reduction measures to understand the multi-year trends and the influencing factors of ACE, and clarify whether the process of ACE affects food security and economic development. This study analyzed the trends of total ACE and ACE caused by different agricultural carbon sources (ACS) from 2001 to 2020 in Zhejiang Province, then we revealed the main influencing factors of ACE based on the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) model and dissected the relationship between ACE and food security and economic development. Results show that the total ACE fluctuated from 6.10 Mt in 2001 to 3.93 Mt in 2020, and the process included a decrease in 2001–2003 and 2005–2020 and an increase in 2003–2005. The decrease in ACE, from 2001 to 2014, was mainly due to the decline in rice acreage, which contributed 90.38%; from 2014 to 2020, it was by the reduction in the use of fertilizer, diesel, and pesticide, which contributed 83.9%. As drivers, agricultural economic development effect and total population size effect drove 4.25 and 1.54 Mt of ACE, respectively. As inhibitors, planting structure effect, technology development effect, and population structure effect inhibited 3.12, 2.11, and 2.74 Mt of ACE, respectively. With the reduction of ACE, the agricultural economy continued to grow, but the food security situation was pessimistic, indicating that ACE reduction has achieved synergy with economic development, but not with food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its high volume percentage, the grain boundary seriously influences the strength and plasticity of nanocrystal materials. Whereas, predicting the onset of plasticity from the equilibrium grain boundary is an unsolved challenge, as the lack of an efficient method to accurately predict the dislocation emission of the grain boundary. Here, by analyzing the stress vector triangle of the intrinsic interfacial stress vector and the applied external stress vector, the dislocation emission of [2 1 ¯ 1 ¯ 0] asymmetrical tilt grain boundary (ATGB) in bicrystals Mg can be accurately predicted. The distribution of the stress vector at equilibrium [2 1 ¯ 1 ¯ 0] ATGB was obtained via the dislocation analysis method. The atomic simulation results show that the dislocation emission behaviors of [2 1 ¯ 1 ¯ 0] ATGB with various tilt angles are consistent with the analytical results of the stress vector triangle. The presented method helps researchers design high-plasticity metallic materials via grain boundary engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel micro-slip friction modeling approach based on real pressure distribution is presented for simulating the interface friction behavior of blades with dovetail joints in aircraft engines. Considering the influence of rotational speed and stagger angle on the true pressure distribution of the dovetail joint, an asymmetric pressure density function was established and applied to the Iwan friction model. The pressure distribution at the tenon joint interface is obtained through finite element modeling. And the pressure distribution function is obtained through dimensionality reduction and data fitting. Under the framework of the Iwan model, a new tangential friction displacement relationship at the tenon interface was obtained by changing the critical slip force density function. On this basis, a dynamic model of the dovetail blade was established and the contact characteristics of the interface were analyzed. The results indicate that under the influence of uneven pressure distribution, the width and length directions of the contact interface exhibit different friction behaviors, and the nonlinear response of the blades is affected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sequential recommendation is a compelling technology for predicting users’ next interaction via their historical behaviors. Prior studies have proposed various methods to optimize the recommendation accuracy on different datasets but have not yet explored the intrinsic predictability of sequential recommendation. To this end, we consider applying the popular predictability theory of human movement behavior to this recommendation context. Still, it would incur serious bias in the next moment measurement of the candidate set size, resulting in inaccurate predictability. Therefore, determining the size of the candidate set is the key to quantifying the predictability of sequential recommendations. Here, different from the traditional approach that utilizes topological constraints, we first propose a method to learn inter-item associations from historical behaviors to restrict the size via logical constraints. Then, we extend it by 10 excellent recommendation algorithms to learn deeper associations between user behavior. Our two methods show significant improvement over existing methods in scenarios that deal with few repeated behaviors and large sets of behaviors. Finally, a prediction rate between 64% and 80% has been obtained by testing on five classical datasets in three domains of the recommender system. This provides a guideline to optimize the recommendation algorithm for a given dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persuasion, as one of the crucial abilities in human communication, has garnered extensive attention from researchers within the field of intelligent dialogue systems. Developing dialogue agents that can persuade others to accept certain standpoints is essential to achieving truly intelligent and anthropomorphic dialogue systems. Benefiting from the substantial progress of Large Language Models (LLMs), dialogue agents have acquired an exceptional capability in context understanding and response generation. However, as a typical and complicated cognitive psychological system, persuasive dialogue agents also require knowledge from the domain of cognitive psychology to attain a level of human-like persuasion. Consequently, the cognitive strategy-enhanced persuasive dialogue agent (defined as CogAgent), which incorporates cognitive strategies to achieve persuasive targets through conversation, has become a predominant research paradigm. To depict the research trends of CogAgent, in this paper, we first present several fundamental cognitive psychology theories and give the formalized definition of three typical cognitive strategies, including the persuasion strategy, the topic path planning strategy, and the argument structure prediction strategy. Then we propose a new system architecture by incorporating the formalized definition to lay the foundation of CogAgent. Representative works are detailed and investigated according to the combined cognitive strategy, followed by the summary of authoritative benchmarks and evaluation metrics. Finally, we summarize our insights on open issues and future directions of CogAgent for upcoming researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The graph coloring problem is an NP-hard problem. Currently, one of the most effective methods to solve this problem is a hybrid evolutionary algorithm. This paper proposes a hybrid evolutionary algorithm NERS_HEAD with a new elite replacement strategy. In NERS_HEAD, a method to detect the local optimal state is proposed so that the evolutionary process can jump out of the local optimal state by introducing diversity on time; a new elite structure and a replacement strategy are designed to increase the diversity of the evolutionary population so that the evolution process can not only converge quickly but also jump out of the local optimal state in time. The comparison experiments with current excellent graph coloring algorithms on 59 DIMACS benchmark instances show that NERS_HEAD can effectively improve the efficiency and success rate of solving graph coloring problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rupture disc is widely used in pressure vessels. To prevent catastrophic overpressure in pressure vessels, it is vital to replace the rupture disc before its premature failure. This paper presents a systematic and comprehensive study of EMI-based rupture disc monitoring. A PZT actuator-driven one-degree-of-freedom spring-mass-damper model was established, and the analytical result shows that the EMI is determined by the local stiffness of the coupled structures. Since the stiffness of a clamped rupture disc is mainly controlled by its inner pressure, the operating conditions can therefore be estimated by measuring the impedance signal. To verify this finding, a numerical model is built and the simulation result shows that as the pressure increases, the resonant frequencies of the impedance signals decrease gradually. Conventional simple domed rupture discs were tested for validation experiments. Three replacement matrices (RMs) were proposed and compared based on the root mean square deviation (RMRMSD), mean absolute percentage deviation (RMMAPD), and correlation coefficient deviation (RMCCD). The optimum rupture disc update time can be determined by the calculation of the RMMAPD. In addition, the influences of temperature variation on EMI signals were investigated and a temperature compensation method was proposed. Experimental results demonstrated that EMI-based rupture disc monitoring is an effective method of preventing the occurrence of catastrophic overpressure accidents in pressure vessels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]