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Copyright of Journal of Central South University is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rare Metals is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Central South University is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Central South University is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Central South University is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Central South University is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Central South University is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Central South University is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The acidic, corrosive effect of sodium polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) in poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene:sodium polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) limits the stability of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on the ITO/PEDOT:PSS/perovskite/PCBM/BCP/Ag structure. In this work, a poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) hole transport layer (HTL) with high hole mobility and good catalytic performance was prepared by electrochemical cyclic voltammetry (CV) method for inverted PSCs. By controlling the CV cycles (from 1 to 5 cycles) and EDOT monomer solution concentration (from 0.5 to 2.0 mmol·L−1) of electrochemical deposition, the thickness, morphology, optical and electrochemical properties of PEDOT could be accurately adjusted. The optimal photovoltaic performance with current density (Jsc) of 22.19 mA·cm−2, open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.94 V, fill factor (FF) of 0.65 and photoelectric conversion efficiency of 13.56% was obtained when deposition of PEDOT with 1 CV cycle and EDOT concentration of 0.5 mmol·L−1. At this point, the perovskite showed good crystallization, optimal optical, charge transport and recombination performance, resulting in better Voc and photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) compared to the devices with higher CV cycle numbers and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) concentration. For comparison with spin-coated PEDOT:PSS, the device with electrodeposited PEDOT showed improved Jsc and comparable Voc, which may result from its better charge transport and catalytic ability. The device with spin-coated PEDOT:PSS showed photoelectric conversion efficiency of 12.25%, which was lower than that based on electrodeposited PEDOT (13.56%) with 1 CV cycles and 0.5 mmol·L−1 EDOT concentration. And the device with electrodeposited PEDOT as HTLs showed more excellent air stability. In ambient air ((32 ± 5) °C and RH: 70% ± 20%), it still maintained more than 80% of the initial photoelectric conversion efficiency after 1000 h. In comparison, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the device with PEDOT:PSS decreased to 20% of the initial value after storage for 500 h. From this study, a facial and low-cost way to prepare PEDOT HTL with high performances that better than the traditional PEDOT:PSS has been explored, which is expected to eliminate the acidic, corrosive effect of PSS in PEDOT:PSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extraction of gold from refractory gold ores (RGOs) without side reactions is an extremely promising endeavor. However, most RGOs contain large amounts of sulfide, such as pyrite. Thus, investigation of the influence of sulfide on the gold leaching process is important to maximize the utilization of RGOs. In this work, the effects of pyrite on the stability of the thiourea system were systematically investigated under different conditions. Results showed that the decomposition rate of thiourea was accelerated sharply in the presence of pyrite. The effect of pyrite on gold recovery in thiourea leaching systems was then confirmed via a series of experiments. The decomposition efficiency of thiourea decreased by 40% and the recovery efficiency of gold increased by 56% after the removal of sulfide by roasting. Under optimal conditions, the efficiency of the gold recovery system increased to 83.69% and only 57.92% of thiourea decomposition was observed. The high consumption of thiourea by the leaching system may be attributed to not only adsorption by mineral particles but also catalytic decomposition by some impurities in the ores, such as pyrite and soluble ferric oxide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bloch oscillation (BO) and Wannier-Stark localization (WSL) are fundamental concepts about metal-insulator transitions in condensed matter physics. These phenomena have also been observed in semiconductor superlattices and simulated in platforms such as photonic waveguide arrays and cold atoms. Here, we report experimental investigation of BOs and WSL simulated with a 5-qubit programmable superconducting processor, of which the effective Hamiltonian is an isotropic XY spin chain. When applying a linear potential to the system by properly tuning all individual qubits, we observe that the propagation of a single spin on the chain is suppressed. It tends to oscillate near the neighborhood of their initial positions, which demonstrates the characteristics of BOs and WSL. We verify that the WSL length is inversely correlated to the potential gradient. Benefiting from the precise single-shot simultaneous readout of all qubits in our experiments, we can also investigate the thermal transport, which requires the joint measurement of more than one qubits. The experimental results show that, as an essential characteristic for BOs and WSL, the thermal transport is also blocked under a linear potential. Our experiment would be scalable to more superconducting qubits for simulating various of out-of-equilibrium problems in quantum many-body systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recovery of rhenium from waste acid is an urgent issue due to low rhenium concentration and high sulfuric acidity. To solve the problem, novel coated solvent-impregnated resins consisting of inert resins LS-300, Alamine 304-1 and the PVA film (304-CSIRs) were prepared for the separation of Re(VII) from high sulfuric acid solutions. It was shown that the PVA film coated completely on the surfaces of LS-300 resins with a thickness of 5 μm, and Alamine 304-1 distributed completely inside the porous of LS-300 resins. The adsorption fitted well with Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order model with the saturation adsorption capacity of 139.40 mg·g−1. The maximum separation factor of Re(VII) versus Cu (II) was up to 483, and 304-CSIRs had no adsorptions for As(V). The adsorption capacity of Re(VII) onto 304-CSIRs maintained in 97.79% at the fifth adsorption–desorption cycle. 99.87% of rhenium was recovered by 304-CSIRs from waste acid generated from a copper smelter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Central South University is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Central South University is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Central South University is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the newly developed oxygen-enriched bottom-blowing copper smelting process (also known as the SKS copper smelting process), Cu loss in slag is one of the most concerning issues. This paper presents our research results concerning the relationship between the Cu content of the matte and slag in the SKS process; the results are based on actual industrial production in the Dongying Fangyuan copper smelter. The results show that the matte grade strongly influences Cu losses in slag. The dissolved and entrained losses account for 10%-20% and 80%-90% of the total SKS industrial Cu losses in slag, respectively. With increasing matte grade, the dissolved and entrained Cu losses in the SKS slag both increase continuously. When the matte grade is greater than 68%, the content of Cu in the smelting slag increases much more dramatically. To obtain a high direct recovery of copper, the matte grade should be less than 75% in industrial SKS copper production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to explore the adsorption performance of meso-2, 3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) modified Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanocomposite (Fe3O4@SiO2DMSA) for Pb2+ ions removal from aqueous solutions. The effects of solution pH, initial concentration of Pb2+ions, contact time, and temperature on the amount of Pb2+ adsorbed were investigated. Adsorption isotherms, adsorption kinetics, and thermodynamic analysis were also studied. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of the Fe3O4@SiO2DMSA composite is 50.5 mg/g at 298 K, which is higher than that of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles. The adsorption process agreed well with Langmuir adsorption isotherm models and pseudo second-order kinetics. The thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption was spontaneous, endothermic and energetically driven in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A process was proposed to convert and separate selenium and arsenic in copper anode slime (CAS) by low-temperature alkali fusion process. Central composite design was employed to optimize the effective parameters, in which NaOH/CAS mass ratio, fusion temperature and fusion time were selected as variables, and the conversion ratio of selenium and arsenic as responses. Second-order polynomial models of high significance and 3D response surface plots were constructed to show the relationship between the responses and the variables. Optimum area of >90% selenium conversion ratio and >90% arsenic conversion ratio was obtained by the overlaid contours at NaOH/CAS mass ratio of 0.65-0.75, fusion temperature of 803-823 K and fusion time of 20-30 min. The models are validated by experiments in the optimum area, and the results demonstrate that these models are reliable and accurate in predicting the fusion process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel low-temperature alkaline smelting process is proposed to convert and separate amphoteric metals in crushed metal enrichment originated from waste printed circuit boards. The central composite design was used to optimize the operating parameters, in which mass ratio of NaOH-to-CME, smelting temperature and smelting time were chosen as the variables, and the conversions of amphoteric metals tin, lead, aluminum and zinc were response parameters. Second-order polynomial models of high significance and 3D response surface plots were constructed to show the relationship between the responses and the variables. Optimum area of 80%-85% Pb conversion and over 95% Sn conversion was obtained by the overlaid contours at mass ratio of NaOH-to-CME of 4.5-5.0, smelting temperature of 653-723 K, smelting time of 90-120 min. The models were validated experimentally in the optimum area, and the results demonstrate that these models are reliable and accurate in predicting the smelting process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel was recovered from nickel laterite using a sulfation-roasting-leaching process and the effects of operation parameters including acid addition, roasting temperature, and roasting time on nickel extraction and iron dissolution were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). Two second-order polynomial models of high significance were presented to show the relationship between the responses and the variables. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed high coefficients of determination ( R) of 0.894 and 0.980 for the two models, respectively. Optimum areas of ≥80% Ni extraction and ≤5% Fe dissolution were obtained by the overlaid contours. Verification experiments in the optimum areas were conducted and the results indicate a close agreement with the predicted values obtained from the models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel and cobalt were extracted from low-grade nickeliferous laterite ore using a reduction roasting-ammonia leaching method. The reduction roasting-ammonia leaching experimental tests were chiefly introduced, by which fine coal was used as a reductant. The results show that the optimum process conditions are confirmed as follows: in reduction roasting process, the mass fraction of reductant in the ore is 10%, roasting time is 120 min, roasting temperature is 1 023–1 073 K; in ammonia leaching process, the liquid-to-solid ratio is 4:1(mL/g), leaching temperature is 313 K, leaching time is 120 min, and concentration ratio of NH3 to CO2 is 90 g/L:60 g/L. Under the optimum conditions, leaching efficiencies of nickel and cobalt are 86.25% and 60.84%, respectively. Therefore, nickel and cobalt can be effectively reclaimed, and the leaching agent can be also recycled at room temperature and normal pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the principle of life cycle assessment, CO2 and SO2 emission of Imperial Smelting Process in a certain zinc-lead smelter was analyzed by life cycle inventory method. According to the system expansion and substitution method, the environmental impacts of co-products were allocated among the main products of zinc, lead and sulfuric acid. The related impacts were assessed by use of Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Acidification Potential (ACP). The results show that the GWP index from 1998 to 2000 is 11.53, 11.65, 10.93 tCO2-eq/tZn respectively, the ACP index decreases from 14.88 kgSO2-eq/tZn in 1998 to 10.99 kgSO2-eq/tZn in 2000. Power and electricity generation, followed by smelting and zinc distillation, are mainly responsible for GWP. Sintering individually affects ACP. Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of the ISP may come from energy conservation measures rather than from technological developments. And recycling more secondary Pb and Zn materials effectively treated by ISP, and reducing the amount of primary metal are the main ways to put SO2 emission under control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The template effect controlling the structure and morphology of ultrafine particles was described. Ni(OH)2 powders were prepared by NH3 coordination-precipitation method. The effects of SO, NO, Cl−, NH3, pH value on Ni(OH)2 structure and morphology were investigated experimentally, explained with the theoretical model that the growth units were the polyhedral structure of coordination anions. The results showed that the structure and morphology of Ni(OH)2 were effectively controlled by the growth units, the dimensions and the linking patterns of the growth units vary with the changes of physical and chemical conditions in the aqueous solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]