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Rapid and accurate in situ determination of dopamine is of great significance in the study of neurological diseases. In this work, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT: PSS)/graphene oxide (GO) fibers were fabricated by an effective method based on microfluidic wet spinning technology. The composite microfibers with stratified and dense arrangement were continuously prepared by injecting PEDOT: PSS and GO dispersion solutions into a microfluidic chip. PEDOT: PSS/GO fiber microelectrodes with high electrochemical activity and enhanced electrochemical oxidation activity of dopamine were constructed by controlling the structure composition of the microfibers with varying flow rate. The fabricated fiber microelectrode had a low detection limit (4.56 nM) and wide detection range (0.01–8.0 µM) for dopamine detection with excellent stability, repeatability, and reproducibility. In addition, the PEDOT: PSS/GO fiber microelectrode prepared was successfully used for the detection of dopamine in human serum and PC12 cells. The strategy for the fabrication of multi-component fiber microelectrodes is a new and effective approach for monitoring the intercellular neurotransmitter dopamine and has high potential as an implantable neural microelectrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Elymus atratus (Nevski) Hand.-Mazz. is perennial hexaploid wheatgrass. It was assigned to the genus Elymus L. sensu stricto based on morphological characters. Its genome constitution has not been disentangled yet. Objective: To identify the genome constitution and origin of E. atratus. Methods: In this study, genomic in situ hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization, and phylogenetic analysis based on the Acc1, DMC1 and matK sequences were performed. Results: Genomic in situ hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization results reveal that E. atratus 2n = 6x = 42 is composed of 14 St genome chromosomes, 14 H genome chromosomes, and 14 Y genome chromosomes including two H-Y type translocation chromosomes, suggesting that the genome formula of E. atratus is StStYYHH. The phylogenetic analysis based on Acc1 and DMC1 sequences not only shows that the Y genome originated in a separate diploid, but also suggests that Pseudoroegneria (St), Hordeum (H), and a diploid species with Y genome were the potential donors of E. atratus. Data from chloroplast DNA showed that the maternal donor of E. atratus contains the St genome. Conclusion: Elymus atratus is an allohexaploid species with StYH genome, which may have originated through the hybridization between an allotetraploid Roegneria (StY) species as the maternal donor and a diploid Hordeum (H) species as the paternal donor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AlSi10Mg porous protective structure often produces different damage forms under compressive loading, and these damage modes affect its protective function. In order to well meet the service requirements, there is an urgent need to comprehensively understand the mechanical behavior and response mechanism of AlSi10Mg porous structures under compressive loading. In this paper, AlSi10Mg porous structures with three kinds of volume fractions are designed and optimized to meet the requirements of high-impact, strong-energy absorption, and lightweight characteristics. The mechanical behaviors of AlSi10Mg porous structures, including the stress–strain relationship, structural bearing state, deformation and damage modes, and energy absorption characteristics, were obtained through experimental studies at different loading rates. The damage pattern of the damage section indicates that AlSi10Mg porous structures have both ductile and brittle mechanical properties. Numerical simulation studies show that the AlSi10Mg porous structure undergoes shear damage due to relative misalignment along the diagonal cross-section, and the damage location is almost at 45° to the load direction, which is the most direct cause of its structural damage, revealing the damage mechanism of AlSi10Mg porous structures under the compressive load. The normalized energy absorption model constructed in the paper well interprets the energy absorption state of AlSi10Mg porous structures and gives the sensitive location of the structures, and the results of this paper provide important references for peers in structural design and optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The study aims to evaluate the incremental predictive value of pericarotid fat density (PFD) on head and neck computed tomography angiography (CTA) for the obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) (≥ 50% stenosis) relative to a clinical risk model (Framingham risk score (FRS)) and the degree of carotid artery stenosis and plaque type in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients without a known history of CAD. Methods: In a cohort of 134 consecutive stable patients diagnosed with AIS or TIA undergoing head and neck CTA between January 2010 and December 2021, pericarotid adipose tissue density (PFD) was quantified using a dedicated software. We collected demographic and clinical data, assessed the risk of CAD using the FRS, and analyzed coronary and carotid artery CTA images. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess associations between FRS, PFD, CTA variables, and obstructive CAD risk. Four prediction models were established to evaluate the incremental predictive value of PFD relative to FRS, stenosis degree, and plaque types. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated, and the areas under the curves (AUC) were compared. Results: Increasing FRS, stenosis degree, and PFD values were positively correlated with obstructive CAD (all p < 0.05). In the predictive models for obstructive CAD, the model incorporating carotid stenosis exhibited superior predictive performance compared to FRS alone (p < 0.05). Moreover, the predictive model integrating PFD demonstrated enhanced performance and yielded the highest AUC of the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC = 0.783), with sensitivity and specificity values of 86.89% and 65.75%, respectively. Conclusion: CTA-derived PFD measurements offer supplementary predictive value for obstructive CAD beyond FRS and stenosis, thereby facilitating improved risk stratification of TIA or stroke patients without a history of CAD history. Clinical relevance statement: CTA-derived PFD provides incremental predictive value for obstructive coronary artery disease in acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack patients without CAD history, beyond Framingham risk score and carotid artery stenosis degree, improving risk stratification. Key Points: • Pericarotid fat density is associated with obstructive coronary artery disease in acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack patients. • Higher pericarotid fat density corresponds to an increased risk of obstructive coronary artery disease. • Estimation of pericarotid fat density using computed tomography angiography imparts additional predictive value for obstructive CAD in risk stratification of acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrosynthesis of acetate from CO offers the prospect of a low-carbon-intensity route to this valuable chemical––but only once sufficient selectivity, reaction rate and stability are realized. It is a high priority to achieve the protonation of the relevant intermediates in a controlled fashion, and to achieve this while suppressing the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and while steering multicarbon (C2+) products to a single valuable product––an example of which is acetate. Here we report interface engineering to achieve solid/liquid/gas triple-phase interface regulation, and we find that it leads to site-selective protonation of intermediates and the preferential stabilization of the ketene intermediates: this, we find, leads to improved selectivity and energy efficiency toward acetate. Once we further tune the catalyst composition and also optimize for interfacial water management, we achieve a cadmium-copper catalyst that shows an acetate Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 75% with ultralow HER (<0.2% H2 FE) at 150 mA cm−2. We develop a high-pressure membrane electrode assembly system to increase CO coverage by controlling gas reactant distribution and achieve 86% acetate FE simultaneous with an acetate full-cell energy efficiency (EE) of 32%, the highest energy efficiency reported in direct acetate electrosynthesis. This work regulates solid/liquid/gas triple-phase interface, facilitating site-selective protonation in carbon monoxide electroreduction. It achieves increased energy-efficiency in acetate production and contributes to the understanding of selectively controlling the electrosynthesis of a single product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Egg batches of Spodoptera moths are protected by scales deposited by females around and/or over eggs as a physical defense. These scales may affect the parasitism of some parasitoids, rendering biocontrol of Spodoptera eggs ineffective. In this study, we investigated the daily oviposition pattern of moths and the dynamics of egg mass scales of three Spodoptera species and examined the fitnesses of three potential egg parasitoid species to different egg mass scale thicknesses. The observations revealed that the three Spodoptera species share similar scale dynamics. From initial oviposition, S. exigua egg batches maintained a relatively high level of scale thickness (> 134.7 μm) for 2 days and S. frugiperda and S. litura for 3 days (> 105.9 μm, > 161.2 μm, respectively). During this period, the scales effectively hindered parasitism by Trichogramma species (parasitized 0.4%–14.9% eggs). Thereafter, the thickness of the scales decreased daily. The scales of the three Spodoptera species were all relatively thin (< 20.0 μm) after oviposition for 8 days, and subsequently, Trichogramma parasitized eggs more actively (parasitized up to 33.4%–36.5% eggs). Relatively, Trichogramma dendrolimi on S. frugiperda eggs, and Trichogramma chilonis on S. exigua eggs had higher parasitism. Meanwhile, Telenomus remus maintained a very stable and better performance than Trichogramma on Spodoptera species eggs with different scale thicknesses (parasitized 100% egg masses and 46.2%–60.0% eggs), which demonstrated its excellent potential as a Spodoptera species biocontrol agent. The findings elucidate the effect of egg mass scale thickness on effective parasitism by these egg parasitoid species and provide baseline information for the mixed use of Te. remus and Trichogramma against Spodoptera species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3D vessel extraction has great significance in the diagnosis of vascular diseases. However, accurate extraction of vessels from computed tomography angiography (CTA) data is challenging. For one thing, vessels in different body parts have a wide range of scales and large curvatures; for another, the intensity distributions of vessels in different CTA data vary considerably. Besides, surrounding interfering tissue, like bones or veins with similar intensity, also seriously affects vessel extraction. Considering all the above imaging and structural features of vessels, we propose a new scale-adaptive hybrid parametric tracker (SAHPT) to extract arbitrary vessels of different body parts. First, a geometry-intensity parametric model is constructed to calculate the geometry-intensity response. While geometry parameters are calculated to adapt to the variation in scale, intensity parameters can also be estimated to meet non-uniform intensity distributions. Then, a gradient parametric model is proposed to calculate the gradient response based on a multiscale symmetric normalized gradient filter which can effectively separate the target vessel from surrounding interfering tissue. Last, a hybrid parametric model that combines the geometry-intensity and gradient parametric models is constructed to evaluate how well it fits a local image patch. In the extraction process, a multipath spherical sampling strategy is used to solve the problem of anatomical complexity. We have conducted many quantitative experiments using the synthetic and clinical CTA data, asserting its superior performance compared to traditional or deep learning-based baselines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rare Metals is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mothers and adolescents often perceive parenting differently, but it is unclear how different profiles of mother-adolescent perceived parenting and developmental transitions of such profiles would influence adolescent academic performance longitudinally. The current study adopted a three-wave dataset of 604 Mexican-origin adolescents (54% female; Mwave1.age = 12.92 years) and 595 mothers. Adolescents who agreed on high levels of positive parenting with their mothers in early adolescence (i.e., the Both High group) and stayed in the Both High group demonstrated the best academic performance in late adolescence. However, adolescents who changed from the Both High group in early adolescence and ended with discrepancies in perceived parenting or an agreement on low positive parenting with mothers in late adolescence had the worst academic performance. The findings suggest the plasticity of mother-adolescent relationships during adolescence, which can be an intervention target to improve Mexican-origin adolescent academic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial electrosynthesis is a promising alternative to directly convert CO2 into long-chain compounds by coupling inorganic electrocatalysis with biosynthetic systems. However, problems arose that the conventional electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution may produce extensive by-products of reactive oxygen species and cause severe metal leaching, both of which induce strong toxicity toward microorganisms. Moreover, poor stability of electrocatalysts cannot be qualified for long-term operation. These problems may result in poor biocompatibility between electrocatalysts and microorganisms. To solve the bottleneck problem, Co anchored on porphyrinic triazine-based frameworks was synthesized as the electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution and further coupled with Cupriavidus necator H16. It showed high selectivity for a four-electron pathway of oxygen reduction reaction and low production of reactive oxygen species, owing to the synergistic effect of Co-Nx modulating the charge distribution and adsorption energy of intermediates. Additionally, low metal leaching and excellent stability were observed, which may be attributed to low content of Co and the stabilizing effect of metalloporphyrins. Hence, the electrocatalyst exhibited excellent biocompatibility. Finally, the microbial electrosynthesis system equipped with the electrocatalyst successfully converted CO2 to poly-β-hydroxybutyrate. This work drew up a novel strategy for enhancing the biocompatibility of electrocatalysts in microbial electrosynthesis system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlocking of the extremely inert C=O bond during electrochemical CO2 reduction demands subtle regulation on a key "resource", protons, necessary for intermediate conversion but also readily trapped in water splitting, which is still challenging for developing efficient single-atom catalysts limited by their structural simplicity usually incompetent to handle this task. Incorporation of extra functional units should be viable. Herein, a proton deployment strategy is demonstrated via "atomic and nanostructured iron (A/N-Fe) pairs", comprising atomically dispersed iron active centers spin-polarized by nanostructured iron carbide ferromagnets, to boost the critical protonation steps. The as-designed catalyst displays a broad window (300 mV) for CO selectivity > 90% (98% maximum), even outperforming numerous cutting-edge M—N—C systems. The well-placed control of proton dynamics by A/N-Fe can promote *COOH/*CO formation and simultaneously suppress H2 evolution, benefiting from the magnetic-proximity-induced exchange splitting (spin polarization) that properly adjusts energy levels of the Fe sites' d-shells, and further those of the adsorbed intermediates' antibonding molecular orbitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been explored as effective electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the sluggish water activation kinetics and structural instability under ultrahigh-current density hinder their large-scale industrial applications. Herein, we develop a universal ligand regulation strategy to build well-aligned Ni-benzenedicarboxylic acid (BDC)-based MOF nanosheet arrays with S introducing (S-NiBDC). Benefiting from the closer p-band center to the Fermi level with strong electron transferability, S-NiBDC array exhibits a low overpotential of 310 mV to attain 1.0 A cm−2 with high stability in alkaline electrolyte. We speculate the newly-constructed triangular "Ni2-S1" motif as the improved HER active region based on detailed mechanism analysis and structural characterization, and the enhanced covalency of Ni-O bonds by S introducing stabilizes S-NiBDC structure. Experimental observations and theoretical calculations elucidate that such Ni sites in "Ni2-S1" center distinctly accelerate the water activation kinetics, while the S site readily captures the H atom as the optimal HER active site, boosting the whole HER activity. The sluggish water activation kinetics and instability of metal-organic frameworks for hydrogen evolution reaction limit their industrial applications. Here, authors construct a unique triangular active region to accelerate the crucial water activation and stabilize metal-organic frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays a key role in many renewable energy technologies such as water splitting and metal-air batteries. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are appealing to design efficient OER electrocatalysts, however, their intrinsic poor conductivity strongly hinders the activity. Here, we show a strategy to boost the OER activity of poor-conductive MOFs by confining them between graphene multilayers. The resultant NiFe-MOF//G gives a record-low overpotential of 106 mV to reach 10 mA cm−2 and retains the activity over 150 h, which is in significant contrast to 399 mV of the pristine NiFe-MOF. We use X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and computations to demonstrate that the nanoconfinement from graphene multilayers not only forms highly reactive NiO6-FeO5 distorted octahedral species in MOF structure but also lowers limiting potential for water oxidation reaction. We also demonstrate that the strategy is applicable to other MOFs of different structures to largely enhance their electrocatalytic activities. While metal-organic frameworks offer a diverse array of structural motifs for electrocatalysis, poor conductivity and mass permeability limit performances. Here, authors confine low-conductivity metal-organic frameworks between graphene multilayers to enhance oxygen evolution performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rare Metals is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: To propose a novel functional Coronary Artery Disease–Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) category system integrated with coronary CT angiography (CCTA)–derived fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) and to validate its effect on therapeutic decision and prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Firstly, we proposed a novel functional CAD-RADS and evaluated the performance of functional CAD-RADS for guiding treatment strategies with actual clinical treatment as a reference standard in a retrospective multicenter cohort with CCTA and invasive FFR performed in all patients (n = 466). Net reclassification improvement (NRI) of functional CAD-RADS over anatomical CAD-RADS was calculated. Secondly, the prognostic value of functional CAD-RADS in a prospective two-arm cohort (566 [FFRCT arm] vs. 567 [CCTA arm]) was calculated, after a 1-year follow-up, functional CAD-RADS in FFRCT arm (n = 513) and anatomical CAD-RADS in CCTA arm (n = 511) to determine patients at risk of adverse outcomes were compared with a Cox hazard proportional model. Results: Functional CAD-RADS demonstrated superior value over anatomical CAD-RADS (AUC: 0.828 vs. 0.681, p < 0.001) and comparable performance to FFR (AUC: 0.828 vs. 0.848, p = 0.253) in guiding therapeutic decisions. Functional CAD-RADS resulted in the revision of management plan as determined by anatomical CAD-RADS in 30.0% of patients (n = 140) (NRI = 0.369, p < 0.001). Functional CAD-RADS was an independent predictor for 1-year outcomes with indexes of concordance of 0.795 and the corresponding value was 0.751 in anatomical CAD-RADS. Conclusion: The novel functional CAD-RADS gained incremental value in guiding therapeutic decision-making compared with anatomical CAD-RADS and comparable power in 1-year prognosis with anatomical CAD-RADS in a real-world scenario. Key Points: • The novel functional CAD-RADS category system with FFRCTintegrated into the anatomical CAD-RADS categories was originally proposed. • The novel functional CAD-RADS category system was validated superior value over anatomical CAD-RADS (AUC: 0.828 vs. 0.681, p < 0.001) in guiding therapeutic decisions and revised management plan in 30.0% of patients as determined by anatomical CAD-RADS (net reclassification improvement index = 0.369, p < 0.001). • Functional CAD-RADS was an independent predictor with an index of concordance of 0.795 and 0.751 in anatomical CAD-RADS for 1-year prognosis of adverse outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-dimensional macroporous heterostructural Ni-Fe hydroxides with different mole ratio (NixFe(1−x)-PH) were prepared via a sol-gel process combined with phase separation, and the overall water splitting electrocatalytic activity of the resultant macroporous Ni-Fe hydroxides were investigated in detail. The as-prepared Ni-Fe hydroxide has cocontinuous skeletons and interconnected macropores with a narrow pore size distribution (~150 nm), and possesses outstanding electrocatalytic activity with an overpotential of 263 mV for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and 175 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at 10 mA·cm−2 in 1 M KOH, respectively. The Ni0.6Fe0.4-PH | | Ni0.6Fe0.4-PH has efficient overall water splitting performance with a cell voltage of 1.61 V at 10 mA·cm−2 and great stability. The fantastic macropore structure and strong synergistic effect between Ni-Fe hydroxides significantly reinforce the contact area between the electrocatalyst and electrolyte, and endow high electrocatalytic performance of bifunctional electrocatalysts. Highlights: Three-dimensional macroporous heterostructural Ni-Fe hydroxide was fabricated via sol-gel process combined with phase separation. Macroporous Ni-Fe hydroxide supported by Ni foam exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity in both OER and HER. Full cell prepared with macroporous Ni-Fe hydroxide shows great stability and activity for overall water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior studies have shown that adolescents’ positive relationships with family, teachers, and peers are separately related to higher life satisfaction. However, the underlying mechanisms linking social relationships to life satisfaction and the potential interactive effects of these social relationships on life satisfaction have received less attention. The current study investigated how positive family function, teacher acceptance, and peer acceptance jointly relate to adolescent life satisfaction, and examined two potential mediators linking these social relationships to life satisfaction: self-compassion and psychological resilience. Participants were 803 Chinese adolescents (43.8% female; Mage at Time 1 = 13.15 years) from a two-wave longitudinal study with data spanning 1 year. Adolescents reported on their social relationships (i.e., family function, teacher acceptance, and peer acceptance), self-compassion, psychological resilience, and life satisfaction. The results demonstrate that Time 1 positive family function, teacher acceptance, and peer acceptance were positively related to Time 2 psychological resilience through Time 1 self-compassion. Greater Time 2 psychological resilience, in turn, was positively linked to Time 2 adolescent life satisfaction. The indirect link from peer acceptance to self-compassion to psychological resilience to life satisfaction was stronger when teacher acceptance was higher (vs. lower), as teacher acceptance strengthened the link between peer acceptance and self-compassion. Results suggest that promoting social relationships, self-compassion, and psychological resilience is important in facilitating life satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To examine the diagnostic accuracy of machine learning–based coronary CT angiography–derived fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Methods: In total, 484 patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease from 11 Chinese medical centers were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent CCTA, FFRCT, and invasive FFR. The patients were further grouped into mild (25~49 %), moderate (50~69 %), and severe (≥ 70 %) according to CCTA stenosis degree and Agatston score < 400 and Agatston score ≥ 400 groups according to coronary artery calcium severity. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to match DM (n = 112) and non-DM (n = 214) groups. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the curve (AUC) with 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated and compared. Results: Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and AUC of FFRCT were 0.79, 0.96, 0.87, and 0.91 in DM patients and 0.82, 0.93, 0.89, and 0.89 in non-DM patients without significant difference (all p > 0.05) on a per-patient level. The accuracies of FFRCT had no significant difference among different coronary stenosis subgroups and between two coronary calcium subgroups (all p > 0.05) in the DM and non-DM groups. After PSM grouping, the accuracies of FFRCT were 0.88 in the DM group and 0.87 in the non-DM group without a statistical difference (p > 0.05). Conclusions: DM has no negative impact on the diagnostic accuracy of machine learning–based FFRCT. Key Points: • ML-based FFRCThas a high discriminative accuracy of hemodynamic ischemia, which is not affected by DM. • FFRCTwas superior to the CCTA alone for the detection of ischemia relevance of coronary artery stenosis in both DM and non-DM patients. • Coronary calcification had no significant effect on the diagnostic accuracy of FFRCTto detect ischemia in DM patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an eco-friendly, efficient, and low-cost technique, photoelectrochemical water splitting has attracted growing interest in the production of clean and sustainable hydrogen by the conversion of abundant solar energy. In the photoelectrochemical system, the photoelectrode plays a vital role in absorbing the energy of sunlight to trigger the water splitting process and the overall efficiency depends largely on the integration and design of photoelectrochemical devices. In recent years, the optimization of photoelectrodes and photoelectrochemical devices to achieve highly efficient hydrogen production has been extensively investigated. In this paper, a concise review of recent advances in the modification of nanostructured photoelectrodes and the design of photoelectrochemical devices is presented. Meanwhile, the general principles of structural and morphological factors in altering the photoelectrochemical performance of photoelectrodes are discussed. Furthermore, the performance indicators and first principles to describe the behaviors of charge carriers are analyzed, which will be of profound guiding significance to increasing the overall efficiency of the photoelectrochemical water splitting system. Finally, current challenges and prospects for an in-depth understanding of reaction mechanisms using advanced characterization technologies and potential strategies for developing novel photoelectrodes and advanced photoelectrochemical water splitting devices are demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language brokering is a shared parent-child experience with implications for parent-child relationships and, in turn, individuals' psychological well-being; however, few studies recognize the role of parents. This study took a dyadic approach to investigate the association between brokering experiences and internalizing symptoms, and the mediating role of parent-child alienation. Participants were 604 Mexican-origin adolescents (54% female, Mage = 12.41) and their mothers (N = 595). Both adolescents' and their mothers' brokering experiences were related to their own internalizing symptoms via their self-reported parent-child alienation. Mothers' brokering experiences also affected adolescents so that when mothers experienced more negative brokering experiences, adolescents perceived greater parent-child alienation, and in turn more internalizing symptoms, suggesting the necessity of considering language brokering's influence on members involved as a dyadic process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate whether radiomics signature of pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) based on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) could improve the prediction of future acute coronary syndrome (ACS) within 3 years. Methods: We designed a retrospective case-control study that patients with ACS (n = 90) were well matched to patients with no cardiac events (n = 1496) during 3 years follow-up, then which were randomly divided into training and test datasets with a ratio of 3:1. A total of 107 radiomics features were extracted from PCAT surrounding lesions and 14 conventional plaque characteristics were analyzed. Radiomics score, plaque score, and integrated score were respectively calculated via a linear combination of the selected features, and their performance was evaluated with discrimination, calibration, and clinical application. Results: Radiomics score achieved superior performance in identifying patients with future ACS within 3 years in both training and test datasets (AUC = 0.826, 0.811) compared with plaque score (AUC = 0.699, 0.640), with a significant difference of AUC between two scores in the training dataset (p = 0.009); while the improvement of integrated score discriminating capability (AUC = 0.838, 0.826) was non-significant. The calibration curves of three predictive models demonstrated a good fitness respectively (all p > 0.05). Decision curve analysis suggested that integrated score added more clinical benefit than plaque score. Stratified analysis revealed that the performance of three predictive models was not affected by tube voltage, CT version, different sites of hospital. Conclusion: CCTA-based radiomics signature of PCAT could have the potential to predict the occurrence of subsequent ACS. Radiomics-based integrated score significantly outperformed plaque score in identifying future ACS within 3 years. Key Points: • Plaque score based on conventional plaque characteristics had certain limitations in the prediction of ACS. • Radiomics signature of PCAT surrounding plaques could have the potential to improve the predictive ability of subsequent ACS. • Radiomics-based integrated score significantly outperformed plaque score in the identification of future ACS within 3 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changing patterns of risk aversion may follow a non-linear counter-cyclical process. However, the evidence so far has not considered developing cryptocurrency markets. Given some unique features of cryptocurrencies, it is interesting to distinguish how these assets differ from traditional products. This paper investigates the time effects of periodicity on risk aversion for a selection of major cryptocurrencies compared to major financial assets. Significant periodic time-varying patterns are identified when analysing risk aversion. Further, bilateral and bidirectional Granger causalities are identified within cryptocurrencies, as well as between cryptocurrencies and traditional financial assets. Bitcoin is identified as a leading information transmitter of the spillover of risk aversion upon other cryptocurrencies, while estimated risk aversion of traditional financial markets plays a dominant role in the spillover processes upon the cryptocurrency cluster. The latter finding presents further evidence of developing cryptocurrency market maturity. The COVID-19 pandemic is found to have significantly influenced the connectedness of risk aversion among cryptocurrency and traditional financial markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis, is a serious maize pest in Southeast Asia, responsible for substantial economic losses to the maize crop every year. To establish insect biocontrol programmes, it is crucial to determine the ideal numbers and developmental stage of natural enemies to release. The purpose of the present study was to assess the parasitism ability of Trichogramma dendrolimi and Trichogramma ostriniae, which are the most promising biocontrol agents of the ACB, under two different methods of inundative release in maize fields. A total of 10,000 wasps of both species were released using two different methods, i.e. wasps at the same developmental stage (SDS) and wasps at different developmental stages (DDS). The results showed that T. dendrolimi wasps exhibited significantly higher parasitism of ACB eggs when they were released with the DDS method than when they were released with the SDS method. In the SDS release method, T. dendrolimi parasitized ACB eggs for only 3 days after release, while in the DDS release method, parasitism of ACB eggs occurred for 6 days. However, the two release methods had no significant impact on the performance of T. ostriniae in maize fields. In both release methods, T. ostriniae parasitized a high percentage of ACB eggs. The results of the present study clearly indicate that the poor field performance of T. dendrolimi due to the host-age factor can be improved using the DDS release method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parents and adolescents often have different views regarding parental racial socialization practices; however, studies documenting such discrepancies remain scarce. Using a person-centered approach, this study investigated patterns of parent–adolescent discrepant views on racial socialization (i.e., cultural socialization, bias coping, bias awareness) as well as antecedents and consequences of the discrepancy profiles. Participants were 604 adolescents (54% female, Mage = 12.41, Rangeage = 11–15) and their mothers and fathers. The results showed distinct discrepancy patterns and suggested that more maternal/paternal warmth was associated with profiles that have smaller discrepancies or profiles in which adolescents reported higher socialization than parents. Adolescents who reported higher or similar socialization as parents demonstrated better adjustment. Implications for interventions aimed at strengthening parent–child relationships and communication about race and culture are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, bioremediation was applied with sinusoidal alternating current (AC) electric fields to remove petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) for soil remediation. Applying AC electric field with bioremediation (AC+BIO) could efficiently remove 31.6% of the TPH in 21 days, much faster than that in the BIO only system (13.7%) and AC only system (5.5%). When the operation time extended to 119 days, the AC+BIO system could remove 73.3% of the TPH. Applying AC electric field (20–200 V/m) could maintain the soil pH at neutral, superior to the direct current electric field. The maximum difference between soil temperature and the room temperature was 1.9 °C in the AC (50 V/m) +BIO system. The effects of AC voltage gradient (20–200 V/m) on the microorganisms and TPH degradation efficiency by AC+BIO were investigated, and the optimized AC voltage gradient was assessed as 50 V/m for lab-scale experiments. The microbial community structures in the BIO and AC+BIO systems were compared. Although Pseudomonas was the dominant species, Firmicutes became more abundant in the AC+BIO system than the BIO system, indicating their adaptive capacity to the stress of the AC electric field. Real petroleum-contaminated soil was used as a reaction matrix to evaluate the performance of AC+BIO in the field. The initial current density was about 0.2 mA/cm2, voltage gradient was about 20 V/m, and the average TPH degradation rate was 8.1 μg/gdry soil per day. This study provided insights and fundamental supports for the applications of AC+BIO to treat petroleum-polluted soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electroreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2ER) into value-added chemical compounds has presented as a promising route for renewable carbon cycle, which alleviates global warming concern. Compared with traditional C1 products, high-value multicarbon products converted from atmospheric CO2 via CO2ER have attracted dramatic interest due to their significant economic efficiency, however desired catalytic selectivity of multicarbon products is difficult to achieve because of the high thermodynamic barriers and complex reaction pathways. To replace currently used precious-metal based catalysts, developing highly efficient and precious-metal-free CO2ER catalysts based on earth abundant elements is the top priority to meet the requirements of industrialization. Although certain progress has been made, there are still few systematic reports on the non-precious metal heterogeneous (NPMH) CO2ER electrocatalysts for efficient conversion of CO2 to multicarbon products. Herein, we summarize the latest research advances in recent developments of NPMH electrocatalysts, including nanostructured Cu, Cu-based bimetallic catalysts, Cu-based complexes, and carbon-based Cu-free catalysts for electroreduction of CO2 into high-value multicarbon products. The corresponding CO2ER performances are discussed in the order of the types of multicarbon products, specifically for ethanol (C2H5OH), ethylene (C2H4), ethane (C2H6), acetic acid (CH3COOH), propanol (C3H7OH), and other C2+ products with a special attention paid to understand the structure—activity relationship. Moreover, key strategies and characterization techniques for catalytic mechanism insights, and unsolved issues and future trends for enhancing the CO2ER performance of NPMH electrocatalysts are highlighted, which provides a constructive guidance on the development of CO2ER electrocatalysts with high activity and selectivity for multicarbon products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has proven itself as an accurate and robust diagnostic approach and has been widely used in the detection of various heart diseases. An increasing number of studies focusing more on the prognostic aspect of LGE-CMR arose in recent years, contributing to the redundant systematic reviews and meta-analyses in this field. By providing a bird's eye view and performing scrupulous evidence rating, this umbrella review aims to help clinical practitioners and policy-makers interpret the results of the meta-analyses on the prognostic role of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in patients with heart diseases. Methods: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies. Results: The 11 included systematic reviews comprise 33 meta-analyses covering 11 types of heart diseases, 19 different outcomes, 23,058 subjects, and 5393 events. Thirty-one of 33 meta-analyses were found supported by weak pieces of evidence and the remaining were deemed not suggestive. The meta-analysis with a p value of 9.21 × 10−15 and 991 events was updated by strictly re-conducting the meta-analysis by Becker et al. The updated meta-analysis on the prognostic role of LGE in subjects with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in terms of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) included 1131 events and was rated as highly suggestive evidence. Conclusions: The prognostic role of LGE in DCM patients in terms of MACE is supported by highly suggestive evidence, which may facilitate the optimization of the timing of prophylactic implantable or wearable implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) considering the high risk of MACE and lower expectation of recovery. Key Points: • Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has been widely used in the detection of various heart diseases. Numerous studies focusing on the prognostic aspect of LGE arose in recent years. • The meta-analysis on the prognostic role of LGE in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients in terms of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) by Becker et al was updated and was deemed to be supported by highly suggestive evidence. • The credibility of the meta-analysis supported by highly suggestive evidence may facilitate the optimization of the timing of prophylactic implantable or wearable implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) considering the high risk of MACE and lower expectation of recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The error correction coefficients, known as the loading factors, are a key component for information share. To date, only constant loading factors have been considered for information share. This paper attempts to consider the autoregressive loading factors and their implications on the information share. Based on the minute-by-minute data from the S&P 500 cash and E-mini futures markets, this paper reveals that the loading factors are indeed autoregressive. Furthermore, we propose three AR(1) processes for the loading factors and assess their performance in information share compared to the constant loading factor model. Overall, this research provides supporting empirical evidence for using autoregressive loading factors for the information share measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bullying experiences play an important role in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). However, little is known about how and in what conditions different bullying experiences (i.e., experiences of being pure bullies, pure victims, and bully-victims) may influence NSSI. Guided by the transactional model of development and the integrated model of NSSI, the current study investigated two potential mediators (i.e., peer acceptance and depressive symptoms) and one potential moderator (i.e., psychological resilience) of the relations between different bullying experiences and NSSI. Participants were 812 Chinese adolescents (43% female; Mage at Wave 1 = 13.15 years) from a two-wave longitudinal study with data spanning 1 year. The results show that all three types of bullying experiences can relate to a higher likelihood of NSSI through two indirect pathways: (a) lower peer acceptance to more depressive symptoms, or (b) more depressive symptoms. These indirect effects were weaker for adolescents with higher (versus lower) levels of psychological resilience. Moreover, when bully-victims were distinguished from pure bullies and pure victims and the unique effects for all three groups were tested, the direct and indirect effects were most evident among bully-victims. These findings imply that it is necessary to distinguish bully-victims from pure bullies and pure victims. The results indicate that NSSI may be effectively reduced if interventions focus on promoting peer acceptance and reducing adolescent depressive symptoms, particularly for bully-victims with lower levels of psychological resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of coronary calcification morphology and severity on the diagnostic performance of machine learning (ML)–based coronary CT angiography (CCTA)–derived fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) with FFR as a reference standard. Methods: A total of 442 patients (61.2 ± 9.1 years, 70% men) with 544 vessels who underwent CCTA, ML-based CT-FFR, and invasive FFR from China multicenter CT-FFR study were enrolled. The effect of calcification arc, calcification remodeling index (CRI), and Agatston score (AS) on the diagnostic performance of CT-FFR was investigated. CT-FFR ≤ 0.80 and lumen reduction ≥ 50% determined by CCTA were identified as vessel-specific ischemia with invasive FFR as a reference standard. Results: Compared with invasive FFR, ML-based CT-FFR yielded an overall sensitivity of 0.84, specificity of 0.94, and accuracy of 0.90 in a total of 344 calcification lesions. There was no statistical difference in diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, or specificity of CT-FFR across different calcification arc, CRI, or AS levels. CT-FFR exhibited improved discrimination of ischemia compared with CCTA alone in lesions with mild-to-moderate calcification (AUC, 0.89 vs. 0.69, p < 0.001) and lesions with CRI ≥ 1 (AUC, 0.89 vs. 0.71, p < 0.001). The diagnostic accuracy and specificity of CT-FFR were higher than CCTA alone in patients and vessels with mid (100 to 299) or high (≥ 300) AS. Conclusion: Coronary calcification morphology and severity did not influence diagnostic performance of CT-FFR in ischemia detection, and CT-FFR showed marked improved discrimination of ischemia compared with CCTA alone in the setting of calcification. Key Points: • CT-FFR provides superior diagnostic performance than CCTA alone regardless of coronary calcification. • No significant differences in the diagnostic performance of CT-FFR were observed in coronary arteries with different coronary calcification arcs and calcified remodeling indexes. • No significant differences in the diagnostic accuracy of CT-FFR were observed in coronary arteries with different coronary calcification score levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study was conducted to establish and validate a non-contrast T1 map–based radiomic nomogram for predicting major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: This retrospective study included 157 consecutive patients (training sets, 109 patients; test sets, 48 patients) with acute STEMI undergoing PCI. An open-source radiomics software was used to segment the myocardium on the non-contrast T1 mapping and extract features. A radiomic signature was constructed to predict MACEs using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method. The performance of the radiomic nomogram for predicting MACEs in both the training and test sets was evaluated by its discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness. Results: The radiomic signature showed a good prognostic ability in the training sets with an AUC of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.86 to 1.00) and F1 score of 0.71, which was confirmed in the test sets with an AUC of 0.90 (95% CI, 0.74 to 1.00) and F1 score of 0.62. The nomogram consisting of the radiomic scores and cardiac troponin I showed good discrimination ability in the training and test sets with AUCs of 0.96 (95% CI, 0.91 to 1.00; F1 score, 0.71) and 0.94 (95% CI, 0.83 to 1.00; F1 score, 0.70), respectively. Conclusions: The non-contrast T1 map–based radiomic nomogram is a useful tool for the prediction of MACEs in patients with acute STEMI undergoing PCI that can assist clinicians for optimised risk stratification of individual patients. Key Points: • Radiomic signature improved MACE prediction in acute STEMI patients. • T1 mapping–derived radiomic signature outperformed conventional cardiac MRI parameters in predicting MACEs in acute STEMI patients. • The non-contrast T1 mapping–based radiomic nomogram can be used for prediction of MACEs and improvement of risk stratification in acute STEMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: Layered integrated photoelectrodes for water splitting incorporating nanocarbon co-catalysts are systematically reviewed. The correlations between intrinsic structures, optimized configurations, and water splitting performances of layered integrated photoelectrodes are established and analyzed. Various synthetic strategies and assembling procedures are critically examined to enhance water splitting performance of layered integrated photoelectrodes. Current challenges and future directions for maximizing the efficiency of photoelectrochemical water splitting are outlined. Solar-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting systems are highly promising for converting solar energy into clean and sustainable chemical energy. In such PEC systems, an integrated photoelectrode incorporates a light harvester for absorbing solar energy, an interlayer for transporting photogenerated charge carriers, and a co-catalyst for triggering redox reactions. Thus, understanding the correlations between the intrinsic structural properties and functions of the photoelectrodes is crucial. Here we critically examine various 2D layered photoanodes/photocathodes, including graphitic carbon nitrides, transition metal dichalcogenides, layered double hydroxides, layered bismuth oxyhalide nanosheets, and MXenes, combined with advanced nanocarbons (carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphdiyne) as co-catalysts to assemble integrated photoelectrodes for oxygen evolution/hydrogen evolution reactions. The fundamental principles of PEC water splitting and physicochemical properties of photoelectrodes and the associated catalytic reactions are analyzed. Elaborate strategies for the assembly of 2D photoelectrodes with nanocarbons to enhance the PEC performances are introduced. The mechanisms of interplay of 2D photoelectrodes and nanocarbon co-catalysts are further discussed. The challenges and opportunities in the field are identified to guide future research for maximizing the conversion efficiency of PEC water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The age of Trichogramma parasitoids could influence biological traits which are of great importance for effectiveness of mass rearing systems. Recent studies demonstrated that Trichogramma ostriniae (TO) could parasitize Antheraea pernyi eggs through multiparasitism along with other Trichogramma species, although few adults could emerge successfully. It is important to characterize the factors modulating the performance of TO on A. pernyi eggs, notably in order to try enhancing its quantitative emergence through multiparasitism for further use in biological control. In this context, irrespective of host age, we tested different ages of TO females (from 0.5-day- to 6-day-old postemergence) in multiparasitism with Trichogramma chilonis (TC) on A. pernyi eggs. The results of the present study confirmed that TO parasitism on A. pernyi eggs was largely age dependent. Higher percentage of multiparasitism and higher number of emerged TO adults were recorded in the treatment where 3-day-old TO females were used for parasitization with TC on A. pernyi host. In addition, we also tested different female ratios of both Trichogramma species to find out an optimal ratio for use in mass production. The highest percentage of multiparasitism, emergence and optimum emerged number of TO (per A. pernyi egg) was observed with the ratio 3:2 (TO:TC) per 1 host egg. This study demonstrated that the age of TO females can significantly affect their performance in multiparasitism of large A. pernyi eggs. These results prompt for more research in order to develop an effective multiparasitism-based production of TO at the industrial scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the potential effect of intracoronary administration of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor tirofiban on the microvascular obstruction (MVO) assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging compared to the intravenous route in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Two hundred eight patients were randomized into two groups (tirofiban i.v. and tirofiban i.c.). CMR was completed within 3-7 days after ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. One hundred thirty-two patients had a follow-up CMR at 6 months after discharge. The primary end point was the CMR measurements including myocardium strain, myocardial perfusion index, final infarct size, prevalence and extent of MVO, and the change of left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) at six months follow-up. The second endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (composite of all-cause death, nonfatal reinfarction and congestive heart failure) in one year. The MVO prevalence and extent [56% versus 36%, p = 0.004; 2.08 (IQR: 1.18-5.07) g versus 1.68 (IQR: 0.30-3.28) g, p = 0.041] showed a significant difference between the intravenous and intracoronary groups. Global left ventricular peak longitudinal strain was significantly different in intracoronary groups compared to intravenous groups, - 12.5 [IQR: - 13.4 to - 10.9] versus - 12.3 [IQR: - 13.4 to - 10.4], respectively (P = 0.042). Infarcted myocardial perfusion index was significantly different in intracoronary groups compared to intravenous groups, 0.11 [IQR: 0.08 to 0.15] versus 0.09 [IQR: 0.07 to 0.14], respectively (P = 0.026). Intracoronary tirofiban was associated with a higher change in LVEDV compared with intravenous group (- 10.2% [IQR: - 13.7% to - 2.6%] versus 1.3% [IQR: - 5.6% to 6.1%], p < 0.001). Intracoronary tirofiban application showed no benefit on the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events during follow-up compared to intravenous administration. This CMR study in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction patients showed a benefit in MVO and left ventricular remodeling for intracoronary tirofiban administration compared to intravenous administration in patients undergoing PCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of image quality of coronary CT angiography (CCTA) on the diagnostic performance of a machine learning-based CT-derived fractional flow reserve (FFRCT).Methods: This nationwide retrospective study enrolled participants from 10 individual centers across China. FFRCT analysis was performed in 570 vessels in 437 patients. Invasive FFR and FFRCT values ≤ 0.80 were considered ischemia-specific. Four-score subjective assessment based on image quality and objective measurement of vessel enhancement was performed on a per-vessel basis. The effects of body mass index (BMI), sex, heart rate, and coronary calcium score on the diagnostic performance of FFRCT were studied.Results: Among 570 vessels, 216 were considered ischemia-specific by invasive FFR and 198 by FFRCT. Sensitivity and specificity of FFRCT for detecting lesion-specific ischemia were 0.82 and 0.93, respectively. Area under the curve (AUC) of high-quality images (0.93, n = 159) was found to be superior to low-quality images (0.80, n = 92, p = 0.02). Objective image quality and heart rate were also associated with diagnostic performance of FFRCT, whereas there was no statistical difference in diagnostic performance among different BMI, sex, and calcium score groups (all p > 0.05, Bonferroni correction).Conclusions: This retrospective multicenter study supported the FFRCT as a noninvasive test in evaluating lesion-specific ischemia. Subjective image quality, vessel enhancement, and heart rate affect the diagnostic performance of FFRCT.Key Points: • FFRCTcan be used to evaluate lesion-specific ischemia. • Poor image quality negatively affects the diagnostic performance of FFRCT. • CCTA with ≥ score 3, intracoronary enhancement degree of 300-400 HU, and heart rate below 70 bpm at scanning could be of great benefit to more accurate FFRCTanalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of dual-layer detector spectral CT for iron deposition compared to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2* imaging.Methods: Thirty-one patients with a clinical history of myelodysplastic syndromes and aplastic anemia underwent liver and cardiac T2*-weighted unenhanced MRI on a three-tesla MRI scanner, and underwent unenhanced CT scan laterally on a 128-row spectral detector CT. R2* values of the liver, septal muscle, and paraspinal muscle were calculated. Attenuation differences (ΔH) in the liver and myocardium were calculated between the lower (50 keV) and higher (120 keV) energy levels.Results: The liver and cardiac T2* values were 9.54 ± 5.63 ms and 21.41 ± 2.44 ms, respectively. The liver-to-muscle and myocardium-to-muscle T2* value ratios were 0.37 ± 0.23 and 0.79 ± 0.19, respectively. The liver and cardiac ΔH were - 1.13 ± 4.24 HU and 2.22 ± 4.41 HU, respectively. There was a strong linear correlation between the liver R2* and ΔH (r = - 0.832, P < 0.001), but weak correlation existed between the cardiac R2* and ΔH (P = 0.041).Conclusions: Dual-layer detector spectral unenhanced CT seemed to be equally valuable to MRI T2* imaging for evaluating liver iron overload. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Risks of pathogenic bacteria to the health of both human beings and water ecosystems have been widely acknowledged. However, traditional risk assessment methods based on fecal indicator bacteria and/or pure culture are not comprehensive at the community level, mainly owing to the limited taxonomic coverage. Here, we combined the technique of high-throughput sequencing and the concept of metacommunity to assess the potential pathogenic bacterial communities in an economically and ecologically crucial but highly polluted river—the North Canal River (NCR) in Haihe River Basin located in North China. NCR presented a significant environmental gradient, with the highest, moderate, and lowest levels of pollution in the up-, middle, and downstream. After multiple analyses, we successfully identified 48 genera, covering nine categories of potential pathogens (mainly human pathogens). The most abundant genus was Acinetobacter, which was rarely identified as a pathogen bacterium in previous studies of NCR. At the community level, we observed significant geographical variation of community composition and structure. Such a high level of geographical variation was mainly derived from differed abundance of species among sections along the river, especially the top seven Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). For example, relative abundance of OTU1 (Gammaproteobacteria/Acinetobacter) increased significantly from upstream towards downstream. Regarding the underlying mechanisms driving community geographical variation, environmental filtering was identified as the dominant ecological process and total nitrogen as the most influential environmental variable. Altogether, this study provided a comprehensive profile of potential pathogenic bacteria in NCR and revealed the underlying mechanisms of community succession. Owing to their high abundance and wide geographical distribution, we suggest that potential pathogens identified in this study should be incorporated into future monitoring and management programs in NCR. By revealing the correlation between environmental factors and community composition, the results obtained in this study have significant implications for early warning and risk assessment of potential pathogen bacteria, as well as management practices in highly polluted river ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language brokering is a special form of interpersonal communication that is affected by the cultural and relational settings in which it occurs. The current study explores whether parent–adolescent acculturation status may influence Mexican American adolescent language brokers' translation experiences, including brokering frequency and attitudes. Using data from a two-wave longitudinal study (Nwave1 = 604; Nwave2 = 483; Mwave1.age = 12.91; 54.3% female), latent profile analyses were conducted, resulting in four mother–adolescent acculturation profiles as well as three father–adolescent profiles. The adolescent integrated–parent (moderately) separated profiles emerged as the most effective for brokers, as adolescents in this profile generally experienced more positive and less negative brokering attitudes, regardless of their brokering frequency. Parent–adolescent acculturation profiles may be a useful construct in capturing the interplay of cultural and relational settings and their effects on multifaceted language brokering experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the original publication, the author name was incorrectly published as Xilin Wu. The correct author name should be Xi-Lin Wu, which is provided in this correction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: A superaerophobic heterostructured nanowrinkles of bimetallic selenides is developed. The 3D heterostructure exhibits excellent activity and stability towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in base.Cost-effective and stable electrocatalysts with ultra-high current densities for electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are critical to the energy crisis and environmental pollution. Herein, we report a superaerophobic three dimensional (3D) heterostructured nanowrinkles of bimetallic selenides consisting of crystalline NiSe2 and NiFe2Se4 grown on NiFe alloy (NiSe2/NiFe2Se4@NiFe) prepared by a thermal selenization procedure. In this unique 3D heterostructure, numerous nanowrinkles of NiSe2/NiFe2Se4 hybrid with a thickness of ~ 100 nm are grown on NiFe alloy in a uniform manner. Profiting by the large active surface area and high electronic conductivity, the superaerophobic NiSe2/NiFe2Se4@NiFe heterostructure exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity and durability towards OER in alkaline media, outputting the low potentials of 1.53 and 1.54 V to achieve ultra-high current densities of 500 and 1000 mA cm−2, respectively, which is among the most active Ni/Fe-based selenides, and even superior to the benchmark Ir/C catalyst. The in-situ derived FeOOH and NiOOH species from NiSe2/NiFe2Se4@NiFe are deemed to be efficient active sites for OER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peer relationship plays an important role in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). However, little is known about how and in what conditions peer relationship may influence NSSI. By integrating multiple theories (i.e., attachment theory, the emotional regulation model of self-compassion and NSSI, and the differential-susceptibility theory), the current study investigated two potential mediators (i.e., self-compassion and depressive symptoms) and one potential moderator (i.e., behavioral impulsivity) of the relation between peer acceptance and NSSI. Participants were 813 Chinese adolescents (43% female; Mage at Wave 1 = 13.15 years) from a two-wave longitudinal study with data spanning one year. The results revealed that the indirect pathways linking peer acceptance and NSSI were conditioned on the level of behavioral impulsivity. Specifically, for adolescents with lower levels of impulsivity, a higher level of peer acceptance was related to fewer depressive symptoms directly or indirectly through self-compassion; fewer depressive symptoms, in turn, were linked to fewer NSSI behaviors longitudinally. For adolescents with higher levels of behavioral impulsivity, peer acceptance was related to fewer NSSI behaviors only through self-compassion. Results indicate that increasing peer acceptance is important in reducing adolescent NSSI. Interventions designed to reduce adolescent NSSI may also be effective if they focus on promoting adolescent self-compassion, particularly for adolescents with higher levels of behavioral impulsivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion (MVI) in patients with hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is important for surgery strategy making. We aimed to develop and validate a combined intratumoural and peritumoural radiomics model based on gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for preoperative prediction of MVI in primary HCC patients.Methods: This study included a training cohort of 110 HCC patients and a validating cohort of 50 HCC patients. All the patients underwent preoperative Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI examination and curative hepatectomy. The volumes of interest (VOIs) around the hepatic lesions including intratumoural and peritumoural regions were manually delineated in the hepatobiliary phase of MRI images, from which quantitative features were extracted and analysed. In the training cohort, machine-learning method was applied for dimensionality reduction and selection of the extracted features.Results: The proportion of MVI-positive patients was 38.2% and 40.0% in the training and validation cohort, respectively. Supervised machine learning selected ten features to establish a predictive model for MVI. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity of the combined intratumoural and peritumoural radiomics model in the training and validation cohort were 0.85 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.77-0.93), 88.2%, 76.2%, and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.71-0.95), 90.0%, 75.0%, respectively.Conclusions: We evaluate quantitative Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI image features of both intratumoural and peritumoural regions and provide an effective radiomics-based model for the prediction of MVI in HCC patients, and may therefore help clinicians make precise decisions regarding treatment before the surgery.Key Points: • An effective radiomics model for prediction of microvascular invasion in HCC patients is established. • The radiomics model is superior to the radiologist in prediction of MVI. • The radiomics model can help clinicians in pretreatment decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Immunoscore evaluates the density of CD3+ and CD8+ T cells in both the tumor core and invasive margin. Pretreatment prediction of immunoscore in hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is important for precision immunotherapy. We aimed to develop a radiomics model based on gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced MRI for pretreatment prediction of immunoscore (0-2 vs. 3-4) in HCC.Materials and Methods: The study included 207 (training cohort: n = 150; validation cohort: n = 57) HCC patients with hepatectomy who underwent preoperative Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI. The volumes of interest enclosing hepatic lesions including intratumoral and peritumoral regions were manually delineated in the hepatobiliary phase of MRI images, from which 1044 quantitative features were extracted and analyzed. Extremely randomized tree method was used to select radiomics features for building radiomics model. Predicting performance in immunoscore was compared among three models: (1) using only intratumoral radiomics features (intratumoral radiomics model); (2) using combined intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics features (combined radiomics model); (3) using clinical data and selected combined radiomics features (combined radiomics-based clinical model).Results: The combined radiomics model showed a better predicting performance in immunoscore than intratumoral radiomics model (AUC, 0.904 (95% CI 0.855-0.953) vs. 0.823 (95% CI 0.747-0.899)). The combined radiomics-based clinical model showed an improvement over the combined radiomics model in predicting immunoscore (AUC, 0·926 (95% CI 0·884-0·967) vs. 0·904 (95% CI 0·855-0·953)), although differences were not statistically significant. Results were confirmed in validation cohort and calibration curves showed good agreement.Conclusion: The MRI-based combined radiomics nomogram is effective in predicting immunoscore in HCC and may help making treatment decisions.Key Points: • Radiomics obtained from Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI help predicting immunoscore in hepatocellular carcinoma. • Combined intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics are superior to intratumoral radiomics only in predicting immunoscore. • We developed a combined clinical and radiomicsnomogram to predict immunoscore in hepatocellular carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trichogramma parasitoids are biological control agents of a large number of lepidopterous pests. Mass production of these Trichogramma parasitoids is carried out on different factitious host eggs where the cost for mass rearing is high and the production efficiency is low. Therefore, efficient means and techniques for mass production of these parasitoids are needed. Host eggs of Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi, not only proved effective for the mass production of a single Trichogramma species but also showed great potential for simultaneously producing two different Trichogramma species through multiparasitism. Here, we evaluated the outcomes of multiparasitism between Trichogramma chilonis and T. leucaniae reared on the eggs of two factitious hosts, Antheraea pernyi and Corcyra cephalonica. Our study indicated that parental wasps of both Trichogramma species reared on A. pernyi performed outstandingly in all aspects of multiparasitism on A. pernyi eggs. In contrast, significantly low parasitism rates for parental wasps reared on C. cephalonica and subsequently low emergence rates for their offspring were recorded for multiparasitism on A. pernyi eggs. Parental wasps reared on different host eggs significantly affected the emerged offspring numbers for both Trichogramma species per A. pernyi egg. Significantly high numbers of offspring for specific species of Trichogramma emerged per A. pernyi egg when the parental wasps of that species were reared on A. pernyi eggs compared to the other species reared on C. cephalonica eggs. The present study concluded that rearing host species had a great impact on the performance of parental wasps in the multiparasitism of Trichogramma parasitoids on A. pernyi eggs and clearly confirmed that T. chilonis and T. leucaniae parasitoids can be massively produced on A. pernyi eggs through multiparasitism. Our results provide useful information about rearing hosts, which could provide two different Trichogramma species in the field at a time for the suppression of pest populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trichogramma parasitoids are important biological control agents for insect pest management. However, efficient means for mass production of Trichogramma parasitoids are needed, particularly for T. ostriniae, which often fail to form emergence holes on host eggs of Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi, because of the hard chorion. In the present study, we evaluated the possibilities to enhance adult emergence of T. ostriniae by utilizing emergence holes made by T. dendrolimi during multiparasitism on host eggs of A. pernyi and other biological parameters such as pre-emergence time, parasitism rate, and emergence rate of the two parasitoids, which were also evaluated between the two parasitism regimes of multi- and monoparasitism. Our data showed that multiparasitism on host eggs of A. pernyi significantly facilitated the emergence of adult T. ostriniae. Generally, both Trichogramma species favored parasitizing A. pernyi eggs, with multiple parasitoid adults emerged per host egg. The overall performance of T. dendrolimi was similar between the two parasitism regimes, although a significantly higher number of unemerged adults were found in the multiparasitized eggs than in the monoparasitized. For T. ostriniae, significantly more adults emerged, and a higher emergence rate was recorded on host eggs multiparasitized with T. dendrolimi than that on monoparasitized. Furthermore, significantly fewer unemerged adults were found in multi- than monoparasitized host eggs. The results of this study provided useful information on the feasibility of mass production of T. ostriniae via multiparasitism with T. dendrolimi on large eggs of A. pernyi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oriental armyworm Mythimna separata (Walker) is a major cereal crop pest, causing severe economic losses worldwide every year. Yet, few studies documented the biological control of M. separata using natural enemies such as egg parasitoids of the genus Trichogramma. To evaluate the possibility of biological control of M. separata eggs at various ages (0-, 1-, 2-, and 3-day old), we compared under laboratory conditions the parasitism, emergence, development, and female progeny (sex ratio) of five Trichogramma species indigenous in China: Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura, T. chilonis Ishii, T. ostriniae Pang & Chen, T. leucaniae Pang & Chen, and T. japonicum Ashmend. All five Trichogramma species parasitized M. separata at all egg ages but showed a preference for younger eggs. T. dendrolimi parasitized 55.1, 36.6, 19.3, and 14.3 hosts in 24 h on 0-, 1-, 2-, and 3-day-old eggs, respectively, and it exhibited the highest parasitism and suitability on all egg ages. T. japonicum showed the lowest parasitism rate and the poorest host acceptance. T. ostriniae, T. leucaniae, and T. chilonis presented similar rates of adult emergence and sex ratio for all M. separata egg ages. T. ostriniae developed significantly slower on 2- and 3-day-old M. separata eggs. With the exception of T. leucaniae, all species showed no difference in adult emergence at all egg ages. T. dendrolimi was identified as the best for biological control of M. separata. The present study provides valuable information for future development of Trichogramma species in biological control programs targeting M. separata as pest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]