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Purpose: The diagnosis of painful cemented vertebrae resulting from failed PV is not clearly defined in literature. This report evaluates the effectiveness of modified dynamic radiographs in diagnosing painful cemented vertebrae resulting from failed PV.Methods: From January 2011 to June 2015, 345 patients with a total of 399 VCFs underwent PV at our institution. Among the 345 patients, 27 patients underwent repeated PV at the cemented vertebrae because of persisting or recurrent pain after vertebroplasty. The prevertebroplasty examinations included routine radiographs, modified dynamic radiographs, and MRI. Kyphotic angles and the anterior vertebral body height (AVBH) were measured. The image findings in routine radiographs, modified dynamic radiographs, and MRI were compared. Finally, a visual analog scale was used to measure the outcome.Results: The patients ranged in age from 67 to 90 years. MRI revealed a moderate amount of fluid (definite diagnosis of refracture) in the cemented vertebrae in seven patients, bone edema without fluid in nine patients, and bone edema with minimal fluid in ten patients. The rate of diagnosis of painful cemented vertebrae according to MRI was 27% (7/26). The difference in the kyphotic angle between sitting and supine cross-table lateral radiographs was -9.36° ± 5.20° (P < 0.001). The difference in AVBH was 8.08 ± 3.21 mm (P < 0.001). All 27 patients were confirmed to have dynamic mobility according to the modified dynamic radiographs.Conclusions: When the diagnosis of painful cemented vertebrae is questionable, modified dynamic radiographs can help diagnose painful cemented vertebrae resulting from failed PV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Female athletes are more likely to sustain an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Knee laxity, hyperextension and limb dominance have been suggested as possible factors contributing to the knee injury. The aims of this study were to investigate the physiological anterior knee laxity between the dominant and non-dominant limb and in healthy young females with and without hyperextension knees. Forty-two healthy young females, 21 with hyperextension knees, were recruited voluntarily for this study. The subjects were tested with KT-2000 knee ligament arthrometer at both knees with flexion 30 degrees to obtain the anterior tibial displacements at loadings of 45, 67, 89 and 134 N. The initial and terminal stiffnesses were further calculated and analyzed to demonstrate the differences in the characteristics of knee laxity between limbs and groups. The results showed that there was no significant displacement difference between hyperextension and non-hyperextension groups. However, different physiological anterior laxities were illustrated for the different limbs and groups. The non-dominant side of the hyperextension group had significantly smaller terminal stiffness than that of the non-hyperextension group. The dominant side of the hyperextension group had larger laxity than the non-dominant side in the higher loading conditions. These findings may explain hyperextension knees are at greater risk of sustaining an ACL injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Nerve sheath ganglion is a relatively rare clinical entity commonly found in the peroneal nerve in the lower limb or the ulnar nerve in the upper extremity. It is rarely found in the tibial nerve. The occurrence of a nerve sheath ganglion in a patient's tibial nerve has been identified. The initial presentation of the tumor mass has been very similar to that of a Baker's cyst, namely a soft undulating popliteal mass. Yet, the case also presented symptoms and signs of tibial nerve compressive neuropathy. We present here a rare case of nerve sheath ganglion of the tibial nerve. Clinical courses of the patient were reviewed, and relevant issues were discussed with a thorough literature review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]