1. Climate and soil pH control the reduction of cadmium in rice during 7 years of biannual liming.
- Author
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Zhang, Lina, Sheng, Hao, Yin, Zerun, Xue, Yi, Huang, Dezhi, Zhang, Liang, Zhou, Qing, Zhou, Ping, and Thompson, Michael L.
- Subjects
SOIL acidity ,RICE ,DIETHYLENETRIAMINEPENTAACETIC acid ,DOUBLE cropping ,SOIL weathering ,CADMIUM - Abstract
Background and aims: Liming is widely known as a cost-efficient agricultural practice to reduce cadmium (Cd) concentration in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain (Cd
R ) in the short term. However, the effect of long-term continuous liming on CdR -reduction in the context of other environmental controls remains unknown. Methods: We quantified the temporal stability of CdR -reduction in response to biannually continuous liming and its correlations with dynamic soil properties and weather conditions based on a 7-year field experiment in a subtropical double-cropping rice ecosystem in a moderately Cd-contaminated acidic soil. Results: The CdR value declined by 51–90% with liming without compromising the rice yield. The degree of CdR -reduction was similar between early and late rice seasons. However, the between-year CdR -reduction was variable, remaining relatively stable in the first three years and fluctuating in the last four years. Soil pH and Olsen-P concentration at the ripening stage rose significantly, while the concentrations of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Cd, Mn, and Zn in soil remained unaffected. The soil pH did not further increase after the second year of liming. The soil pH and Olsen-P concentration were positively correlated with cumulative liming, but the CdR and CdR -reduction exhibited no correlations with cumulative liming. The CdR was correlated negatively with precipitation but positively with temperature and sunshine duration. Conclusions: The effect of 7-year continuous liming on CdR -reduction was temporally unstable and had no significant cumulative effect on CdR . The between-year CdR -reduction was not controlled by accumulative liming but primarily by dynamic soil properties and weather conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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