Search

Highlights: Nanopesticides with minimizing carrier were prepared through prodrug molecular design and molecular self-assembly. Nanopesticides with minimizing carrier are expected to solve the environmental risks caused by the unrestricted introduction of nanomaterials. Future development and challenges of nanopesticides with minimizing carrier. The flourishing progress in nanotechnology offers boundless opportunities for agriculture, particularly in the realm of nanopesticides research and development. However, concerns have been raised regarding the human and environmental safety issues stemming from the unrestrained use of non-therapeutic nanomaterials in nanopesticides. It is also important to consider whether the current development strategy of nanopesticides based on nanocarriers can strike a balance between investment and return, and if the complex material composition genuinely improves the efficiency, safety, and circularity of nanopesticides. Herein, we introduced the concept of nanopesticides with minimizing carriers (NMC) prepared through prodrug design and molecular self-assembly emerging as practical tools to address the current limitations, and compared it with nanopesticides employing non-therapeutic nanomaterials as carriers (NNC). We further summarized the current development strategy of NMC and examined potential challenges in its preparation, performance, and production. Overall, we asserted that the development of NMC systems can serve as the innovative driving force catalyzing a green and efficient revolution in nanopesticides, offering a way out of the current predicament. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Making the Complicated Simple: A Minimizing Carrier Strategy on Innovative Nanopesticides" by Shangguan et al. in Nano-Micro Letters has been published with errors. Specifically, there were mistakes in the structural formulas and captions of the three acyl chlorides in Figure 3A. The authors have reviewed the article and made corrections to ensure the accuracy of the scientific information. The revised figure and caption have been provided in the correction notice. [Extracted from the article]

Soybean (Glycine max) is often planted in intercropping systems; thus, the shade stress is a serious concern in soybean cultivation. Both molybdenum (Mo) and phosphorus (P) can enhance photosynthesis under low-light conditions. In the present study, two soybean varieties (Nakasennari and Sachiyutaka) were cultivated under normal-light conditions or low-light conditions with the application of five different Mo and P treatments: NLCK (normal light; 0 mg Mo and P kg−1), LLCK (low light; 0 mg Mo and P kg−1), LLP100 (low light; 0 mg Mo and 100 mg P kg−1), LLMo0.2 (low light; 0.2 mg Mo and 0 mg P kg−1), and LLMo0.2P100 (low light; 0.2 mg Mo and 100 mg P kg−1). Under shade stress, the growth of the roots, leaf area, and root-to-shoot ratio of soybean were improved when Mo and/or P were applied. The photosynthetic pigment, carbon, and nitrogen contents of soybean were also affected positively by the application of Mo and P. Due to Mo and P applications enhanced photosynthetic capacity and the absorption of nutrients, the soybean biomass under LLMo0.2P100 was 33.3% higher than LLCK in Nakasennari. In Sachiyutaka, LLMo0.2P100 also had a 21.4% increase compared to LLCK. These results show that treatment with Mo and P, especially during their co-application, can alleviate the inhibitory effect of shade stress on soybean growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have recently been widely used as light sources for the cultivation of plants in controlled environments. However, before LEDs can be used as the sole light source, it is imperative that soybean (Glycine max) response to light quality be well characterized. The objective of the present work was to investigate how soybean seedlings respond to different blue (B) and red (R) photon flux ratios (PFR) using LEDs. Light treatments were comprised of 170 ± 5 μmol m−2 s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density with B:R ratios of 0B:100R%, 10B:90R%, 25B:75R%, 50B:50R%, 80B:20R%, 90B:10R%, and 100B:0R%. Our results suggest that with the increase in B PFR from 0 to 90%, both plant height and specific leaf area inclined to decline while stem diameter gradually increased. The plants exposed to 80B:20R% showed unexpectedly greater total root length, root surface area, root volume, number of root tip, plant dry mass, leaf dry mass, root dry mass, leaf mass fraction and root mass fraction than plants exposed to all other treatments. Plants grown with 0B:100R% had the highest content of chlorophyll b (Chl b) and content of total chlorophyll [Chl (a + b)] but possessed the lowest ratio of the content of chlorophyll a to the content of chlorophyll b (Chl a/b). Plants grown with R alone also showed the lowest chlorophyll fluorescent parameters. The light-saturated CO2 assimilation rate (Asat) and the light-saturated stomatal conductance (gssat) for 0B:100R% were, respectively, 64.85% and 203.23% lower than those for 80B:20R%. However, plants grown with sole R accumulated higher soluble sugar and starch content during the daytime. Collectively, our results suggest that compared to R- or B-LED alone, an appropriate combination of R and B promotes plant growth and photosynthetic performance for soybean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By means of the weight function, the following results are given. The Hilbert-type multiple integral inequality with the λ -order homogeneous kernel ∫ R + n ∫ R + m K (x m , ρ , y n , ρ) f (x) g (y) d x d y ≤ M f p , α g q , β is true if and only if α + m p + β + n q = λ + m + n , and the expression of the best possible constant factor is obtained. Furthermore, its application in the operator theory is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For ${x}= ( {x}_{1},\ldots, {x}_{{n}} )$ , ${u} ( {x} ) = ( \sum_{{i}=1}^{{n}} {a}_{{i}} {x}_{{i}}^{\rho} )^{1/\rho}$ , ${v} ( {y} ) = ( \sum_{{i}=1}^{{n}} {b}_{{i}} {y}_{{i}}^{\rho} )^{1/\rho}$ , by using the methods and techniques of real analysis, the sufficient and necessary conditions for the existence of the Hilbert-type multiple integral inequality with the kernel ${K} ( {u} ( {x} ),{v} ( {y} ) ) ={G} ( {u}^{\lambda_{1}} ( {x} ) {v}^{\lambda_{2}} (y) )$ and the best possible constant factor are discussed. Furthermore, its application in the operator theory is considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By introducing independent parameters, and applying weight coefficients and the technique of real analysis, we give a new extension of a Hardy-Hilbert-type inequality with a best possible constant factor. Furthermore, the equivalent forms, the operator expressions, and the reverses are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By means of the way of weight coefficients, technique of real analysis, and Hermite-Hadamard's inequality, a strengthened version of the Mulholland-type inequality with the best possible constant factor and multi-parameters is given. The equivalent forms, the reverses, the operator expressions and a few particular cases are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By means of weight functions and Hermite-Hadamard's inequality, a new half-discrete Mulholland-type inequality with a best constant factor is given. A best extension with multi-parameters, some equivalent forms, the operator expressions as well as some particular cases are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoparticles of a novel amphiphilic copolymer of chitosan with poly(lactide) (PLA) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPPE) were generated. The chemical structure of the copolymer was determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Nanoprecipitation or emulsion/solvent evaporation was employed to prepare nanoparticles of this copolymer loaded with a lipophilic organophosphorus pesticide, chlorpyrifos. The nanoparticle size was adjusted to between 100 and 300 nm by varying the copolymer/chlorpyrifos mass ratio in the two nanoparticle preparation methods. The resulting nanoparticles exhibited high chlorpyrifos loading capacity (LC) and sustained release profiles. The nanoparticle size, loading content (LC), and encapsulation efficiency (EE) decreased with increasing mass ratio of copolymer to chlorpyrifos. Chlorpyrifos release was controlled by adjusting the ratio of copolymer to chlorpyrifos. The study showed that these chitosan- co-PLA-DPPE copolymer nanoparticles can be used as carriers for lipophilic pesticide delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstracts are not published in this journal [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]