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The goals of this study were to investigate the incidence and characteristics of hematuria in patients with microtia, and to clarify that more attention should be paid to renal dysfunction in patients with microtia. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of a total 9447 children diagnosed with microtia (selected as study group, 7037 children) or pigmented nevus (selected as control group, 2410 children) at the Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College from January 2009 to June 2021. All of the routine urinalysis report of these children were reviewed to assess the incidence and characteristics of hematuria in each group. No statistically significant differences were observed when analyzing the overall incidence of hematuria between the study and control groups (P > 0.05). However, after grouping by sex, the incidence of hematuria in female children with microtia was significantly higher than that in femalecontrol group and no similar results were observed in the male patients. In addition, after further grouping by age in case group, the incidence of hematuria in girls of all ages with microtia was significantly higher than that in males with microtia (age 0–10:males: Girls = 1.89%:4.14%; age 0–5: males: Girls = 1.22%:3.73%; age 6–10: males:Girls = 1.97%:4.14%,P < 0.05), while no similar results were obtained in the control group.(age 0–10:males: Girls = 1.39%:2.22%; age 0–5: males: Girls = 1.07%:1.95%; age 6–10: males: Girls = 3.38%:3.17%, P > 0.05). Higher incidence of hematuria was observed in female children with microtia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Only sporadic data are available on hair concentrations of diazepam and some of its metabolites (nordazepam, oxazepam, and temazepam) following a single controlled dose. The aim of this study was to investigate the deposition of diazepam and its metabolites in human hair after eight healthy volunteers (four women and four men, ages 24-26, East Asian) consumed 10 mg of diazepam. Hair was collected from all volunteers 1 month after exposure, and also 2 months post-exposure from men and 10 months post-exposure from women. Diazepam and the complete metabolite profile, including oxazepam glucuronide and temazepam glucuronide, were measured by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) with limits of quantifications (LOQs) of 0.5-2.5 pg/mg for diazepam, nordazepam, oxazepam, and temazepam, and of 10 pg/mg for oxazepam glucuronide and temazepam glucuronide. There were no differences by gender in the amounts of diazepam or metabolites found. The concentration of the main metabolite nordazepam was consistently higher than that of diazepam at both 1 and 2 months after consumption. Oxazepam and temazepam traces were found in some volunteers' hair, but the glucuronides were not detected. Diazepam and nordazepam levels at 10 months post-exposure were extremely low (near the LOQ), indicating drug loss by personal hygiene and physical handling. To our knowledge, this is the first single-dose diazepam study using black hair and the first study to include measurements of oxazepam glucuronide and temazepam glucuronide in human hair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]