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An approach for the implementation of a resistorless, electronically tunable quadrature oscillator (RETQO) is proposed in this paper. The proposed circuit consists of only one EX-CCCII block and two capacitors with a ground connection. Non-ideality analyses are performed to prove the suitability of the RETQO design. The frequency of oscillation expression is obtained. The oscillator independently controls the condition of oscillation (CO) and the frequency of oscillation (FO). The acceptability of the circuit is confirmed using CMOS-based TSMC 180-nanometer technology. Also, numerous simulations based on the SPICE circuit simulator are accomplished. Moreover, experimentation has also been tested using IC AD844 which is commercially available. There is good agreement of the proposed work with existing reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research article contributes a Chua's diode implementation using a modern active block Current Controlled Current Conveyor Transconductance Amplifier (CCCCTA) with an active MOS transistor for electronically tunable feature. CCCCTA and MOS resistor are responsible for the variation in Chua's diode characteristics and their performance is well studied with the help of dynamical aspects like dissipativity, invariance, bifurcation diagram, Lyapunov exponents, and basin of attraction. The proposed model has a hidden attractor with one unstable node equilibrium and two symmetric stable node equilibrium points. In addition to numerical simulation in MATLAB, the electronic circuit for the proposed Chua's circuit is successfully verified in PSPICE and hardware implementation using commercially available ICs (AD844, CA3080). Chua's traditional chaotic response (double scroll, Rossler, and large limit cycle) can be easily observed by: (i) adjusting the coupling resistor between two capacitor present in a Chua's circuit, (ii) tuning the bias current of CCCCTA present in the proposed Chua's diode, and (iii) by tuning the controlling voltage of MOS resistor (RMOS). The feasibility of the proposed work applies to Chaotic Amplitude Shift Keying (CASK) transmission. Finally, a comparative study is studied with the existing works of literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entanglement is a distinguishing feature of quantum many-body systems, and uncovering the entanglement structure for large particle numbers in quantum simulation experiments is a fundamental challenge in quantum information science1. Here we perform experimental investigations of entanglement on the basis of the entanglement Hamiltonian (EH)2 as an effective description of the reduced density operator for large subsystems. We prepare ground and excited states of a one-dimensional XXZ Heisenberg chain on a 51-ion programmable quantum simulator3 and perform sample-efficient ‘learning’ of the EH for subsystems of up to 20 lattice sites4. Our experiments provide compelling evidence for a local structure of the EH. To our knowledge, this observation marks the first instance of confirming the fundamental predictions of quantum field theory by Bisognano and Wichmann5,6, adapted to lattice models that represent correlated quantum matter. The reduced state takes the form of a Gibbs ensemble, with a spatially varying temperature profile as a signature of entanglement2. Our results also show the transition from area- to volume-law scaling7 of von Neumann entanglement entropies from ground to excited states. As we venture towards achieving quantum advantage, we anticipate that our findings and methods have wide-ranging applicability to revealing and understanding entanglement in many-body problems with local interactions including higher spatial dimensions.On a 51-ion quantum simulator, we investigate locality of entanglement Hamiltonians for a Heisenberg chain, demonstrating Bisognano–Wichmann predictions of quantum field theory applied to lattice many-body systems, and observe the transition from area- to volume-law scaling of entanglement entropies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The control over quantum states in atomic systems has led to the most precise optical atomic clocks so far1–3. Their sensitivity is bounded at present by the standard quantum limit, a fundamental floor set by quantum mechanics for uncorrelated particles, which can—nevertheless—be overcome when operated with entangled particles. Yet demonstrating a quantum advantage in real-world sensors is extremely challenging. Here we illustrate a pathway for harnessing large-scale entanglement in an optical transition using 1D chains of up to 51 ions with interactions that decay as a power-law function of the ion separation. We show that our sensor can emulate many features of the one-axis-twisting (OAT) model, an iconic, fully connected model known to generate scalable squeezing4 and Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger-like states5–8. The collective nature of the state manifests itself in the preservation of the total transverse magnetization, the reduced growth of the structure factor, that is, spin-wave excitations (SWE), at finite momenta, the generation of spin squeezing comparable with OAT (a Wineland parameter9,10 of −3.9 ± 0.3 dB for only N = 12 ions) and the development of non-Gaussian states in the form of multi-headed cat states in the Q-distribution. We demonstrate the metrological utility of the states in a Ramsey-type interferometer, in which we reduce the measurement uncertainty by −3.2 ± 0.5 dB below the standard quantum limit for N = 51 ions.A method is described for the generation of large-scale entanglement that can be used for quantum-enhanced sensing even when systems are limited to short-range interactions in experiments with up to 51 trapped ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a unique concept for generating multiscroll attractors using a single parametric control nonlinearity function. The novelty of this proposed multiscroll chaotic system evolves several fluctuating attractors by varying a single parameter instead of replacing the nonlinear function. The proposed simple chaotic system is free from multiplication terms and uses a sin nonlinearity term. As per the author's knowledge, multiscroll chaotic system in the available literature have more than one parameter. An exceptional multiscroll behavior of the present work can be significantly examined by its various dynamical performance parameters like a transient response, phase portraits, Lyapunov exponents, and a bifurcation diagram. The proposed chaotic system belongs to the class of hidden attractors with a single unstable node. The other side of the investigation includes numerical simulation, which reports the system's sensitivity concerning parameter values and initial condition variation. In addition, bi-coherence and bi-frequencies nature are successfully observed to quantify the amount of nonlinearity present in a chaotic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The original article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-023-10814-y.Correction to: Journal of Electronic Materialshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-023-10814-yIn the original article Manoj Joshi's affiliation is incorrect. It is correct as reflected here.Publisher's NoteSpringer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.By Khushi Banerjee; Manoj Joshi; Chittajit Sarkar and Sajal BiringReported by Author; Author; Author; Author [Extracted from the article]

This paper presents a simple mathematical model with an electronic circuit for n-th-order hyperjerk system. For demonstration, the proposed iterative methodology comes with a fourth-order parametric control hyperjerk system that relies on the integrator, a summer amplifier, and an adjustable hyperbolic sine nonlinearity function. The proposed hyperjerk system exhibits exceptional unstable behavior at equilibrium. However, the corresponding hidden attractor near to equilibrium point has a high degree of disorder and randomness. The proposed n-th-order chaotic system has some important features such as simple model without multiplication term, simple circuitry, use of n number of capacitors, 2 (n - 1) number of resistors, and sensitivity with passive components. Moreover, various dynamic behavior and typical time series chaotic responses of the proposed design are validated by incorporating bifurcation sequence, numerical simulation, and practical implementation by using Op-Amp. Also, an application perspective of the proposed hyperjerk system is extended to a random pulse generator (RPG). This concept reflects an idea to obtain the RPG by interfacing with the chaotic signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effect of surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) (a severe surface-deformation process) on microstructure and tribological behavior of AISI 316L steel samples manufactured using the selective laser melting (SLM) technique. The specimens are built in different directions (0°, 45°, and 90°). The microstructure of annealed SLM samples shows the non-uniform distribution and random orientation of grains. It contains high-angle grain boundaries and a high density of dislocations. The average grain size is about 63, 51, and 41 μm for 0°, 45°, and 90° build direction, respectively. SMAT is beneficial for SLM steel to reduce surface roughness (by ~ 87%) and eliminate internal porosity. The deformed layer of SLM steel shows a highly dense network of slip bands, distortion of grains, and hardness gradient (up to the depth of about 600 μm). Increase in surface hardness due to SMAT is maximum (~ 54%) for the sample having 90° build direction. Typical observation of deformation-induced martensite is absent for the SMAT-processed SLM steel. Under the higher load (especially, 20 N), the tribological response of sample manufactured in the 90° direction is superior amongst the non-treated samples. Severe surface deformation enhances the wear resistance and reduces the COF of SLM steel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identification of habitable planets beyond our solar system is a key goal of current and future space missions. Yet habitability depends not only on the stellar irradiance, but equally on constituent parts of the planetary atmosphere. Here we show, for the first time, that radiatively active mineral dust will have a significant impact on the habitability of Earth-like exoplanets. On tidally-locked planets, dust cools the day-side and warms the night-side, significantly widening the habitable zone. Independent of orbital configuration, we suggest that airborne dust can postpone planetary water loss at the inner edge of the habitable zone, through a feedback involving decreasing ocean coverage and increased dust loading. The inclusion of dust significantly obscures key biomarker gases (e.g. ozone, methane) in simulated transmission spectra, implying an important influence on the interpretation of observations. We demonstrate that future observational and theoretical studies of terrestrial exoplanets must consider the effect of dust. In this study, the authors investigate in the influence of atmospheric dust on the habitability of exoplanets. They find that atmospheric dust may postpone planetary water loss; for tidally locked planets in particular, dust can significantly widen the habitable zone by cooling the day side and warming the night side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates mechanisms and nonlinearities in the response of the Asian Summer Monsoons (ASM) to high-latitude thermal forcings of different amplitudes. Using a suite of runs carried out with an intermediate-complexity atmospheric general circulation model, we find that the imposed forcings produce a strong precipitation response over the eastern ASM but a rather weak response over the southern ASM. The forcing also causes a precipitation dipole with wet conditions over the eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) and dry conditions over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and southeast Asia. A moderate increase of precipitation along the southern margin of the TP is also produced. Simulations designed to isolate the causal mechanisms show that thermodynamic interactions involving the tropical surface oceans are far less important than the water-vapour feedback for the transmission of information from the high-latitudes to the ASM. Additionally, we assess the nonlinearity of the ASM precipitation response to the forcing amplitude using a novel application of the empirical orthogonal function method. The response can be decomposed in two overlapping patterns. The first pattern represents a precipitation dipole with wet conditions over the eastern TP and dry conditions over BoB, which linearly increases with forcing amplitude becoming quasi-stationary for large forcing amplitudes (i.e. amplitudes leading to Arctic temperature anomalies larger than 10 °C). The second pattern is associated with increased precipitation over the southeastern TP and is nonlinearly dependent on forcing, being most important for intermediate forcing amplitudes (i.e. amplitudes leading to Arctic temperature anomalies between 5 and 10 °C). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper reports a novel design for third order chaotic and hyperchaotic oscillator with cubic nonlinearity using single operational trans-resistance amplifier (OTRA) and few passive elements. The key nonlinear dynamical characteristics in terms of sensitivity, divergence, equilibrium point and Lyapunov exponent are recorded in this literature. The operational activity of the proposed oscillator based on OTRA is integrated using 0.25 µm TSMC CMOS parameter. For the generation of hyperchaotic oscillator, an external capacitor is added to the third order chaotic oscillator. To justify the theoretical nonlinear dynamics of proposed chaotic oscillator, PSPICE simulation by using CMOS based OTRA and experimental investigation using IC AD844 based OTRA are well implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary cardiac liposarcomas are extremely rare. We present an extremely rare case of primary cardiac liposarcoma in the right ventricular outflow tract, tethered to the pulmonary valve and prolapsing in the pulmonary artery during systole in a young symptomatic male patient. Complete excision of the liposarcoma with the pulmonary valve cusp and reconstruction of the pulmonary valve were performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aortic valve diseases are most commonly caused by degenerative changes, congenital malformation and rheumatic affection of valves. A very rare cause is the deposition of foreign material in the valvular tissues as a result of alkaptonuria. In this case report, we present a case of alkaptonuric ochronosis of congenital bicuspid aortic valve, presented with severe aortic valve stenosis and treated with aortic valve replacement surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On seasonal and inter-annual time scales, vertically integrated moisture divergence provides a useful measure of the tropical atmospheric hydrological cycle. It reflects the combined dynamical and thermodynamical effects, and is not subject to the limitations that afflict observations of evaporation minus precipitation. An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the tropical Pacific moisture divergence fields calculated from the ERA-Interim reanalysis reveals the dominant effects of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on inter-annual time scales. Two EOFs are necessary to capture the ENSO signature, and regression relationships between their Principal Components and indices of equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) demonstrate that the transition from strong La Niña through to extreme El Niño events is not a linear one. The largest deviation from linearity is for the strongest El Niños, and we interpret that this arises at least partly because the EOF analysis cannot easily separate different patterns of responses that are not orthogonal to each other. To overcome the orthogonality constraints, a self-organizing map (SOM) analysis of the same moisture divergence fields was performed. The SOM analysis captures the range of responses to ENSO, including the distinction between the moderate and strong El Niños identified by the EOF analysis. The work demonstrates the potential for the application of SOM to large scale climatic analysis, by virtue of its easier interpretation, relaxation of orthogonality constraints and its versatility for serving as an alternative classification method. Both the EOF and SOM analyses suggest a classification of 'moderate' and 'extreme' El Niños by their differences in the magnitudes of the hydrological cycle responses, spatial patterns and evolutionary paths. Classification from the moisture divergence point of view shows consistency with results based on other physical variables such as SST. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During austral summer, the majority of precipitation over the Pacific Ocean is concentrated in the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ). The surface boundary conditions required to support the diagonally (northwest-southeast) oriented SPCZ are determined through a series of experiments with an atmospheric general circulation model. Continental configuration and orography do not have a significant influence on SPCZ orientation and strength. The key necessary boundary condition is the zonally asymmetric component of the sea surface temperature (SST) distribution. This leads to a strong subtropical anticyclone over the southeast Pacific that, on its western flank, transports warm moist air from the equator into the SPCZ region. This moisture then intensifies (diagonal) bands of convection that are initiated by regions of ascent and reduced static stability ahead of the cyclonic vorticity in Rossby waves that are refracted toward the westerly duct over the equatorial Pacific. The climatological SPCZ is comprised of the superposition of these diagonal bands of convection. When the zonally asymmetric SST component is reduced or removed, the subtropical anticyclone and its associated moisture source is weakened. Despite the presence of Rossby waves, significant moist convection is no longer triggered; the SPCZ disappears. The diagonal SPCZ is robust to large changes (up to ±6 °C) in absolute SST (i.e. where the SST asymmetry is preserved). Extreme cooling (change <−6 °C) results in a weaker and more zonal SPCZ, due to decreasing atmospheric temperature, moisture content and convective available potential energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

State-of-the-art climate models now include more climate processes simulated at higher spatial resolution than ever. Nevertheless, some processes, such as atmospheric chemical feedbacks, are still computationally expensive and are often ignored in climate simulations. Here we present evidence that the representation of stratospheric ozone in climate models can have a first-order impact on estimates of effective climate sensitivity. Using a comprehensive atmosphere-ocean chemistry-climate model, we find an increase in global mean surface warming of around 1 °C (20%) after 75 years when ozone is prescribed at pre-industrial levels compared with when it is allowed to evolve self-consistently in response to an abrupt 4×CO2 forcing. The difference is primarily attributed to changes in long-wave radiative feedbacks associated with circulation-driven decreases in tropical lower stratospheric ozone and related stratospheric water vapour and cirrus cloud changes. This has important implications for global model intercomparison studies in which participating models often use simplified treatments of atmospheric composition changes that are consistent with neither the specified greenhouse gas forcing scenario nor the associated atmospheric circulation feedbacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Perinatal and horizontal are the common modes of transmission of hepatitis-B virus in children. Case characteristics: Two mother-child pairs with children having received multiple blood transfusions in past. Observation: Both the mothers developed acute hepatitis-B infection whereas children were demonstrated to be having chronic infection with hepatitis-B. Outcome: One mother cleared her hepatitis-B in fection whereas it persisted in the other. Both children required anti-viral treatment. Message: Hepatitis-B virus may rarely get transmitted from infected children to their mothers causing acute infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aneurysm of the carotid artery is rare. We report a case of aneurysm of the carotid artery in a 59-year-old female who has undergone a central venous catheterisation through the internal jugular vein and had history of inadvertent carotid artery punctures during jugular vein cannulation. Patient presented with progressive pulsatile swelling in the neck of 4-month duration, arising immediately after inadvertent punctures. There was no neurological deficit or compressive symptoms due to the neck mass. Patient was subjected to the excision of aneurysm sac and interposition grafting using 8 mm expanded polytetrafluroroethylene (PTFE) graft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green tea is often associated with glycemic control benefit. However, the available evidence is not conclusive. In this study, we systematically assessed the contribution of main green tea extract (GTE) ingredients to the inhibition of carbohydrate digestive enzyme and intestinal glucose transport, which are two intervention options for postprandial blood glucose control. A catechin mixture (CM) solution containing seven catechins and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) solution was prepared based on the contents of individual catechins in the GTE as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The inhibitory potency of GTE, CM, and EGCG on α-amylase or α-glucosidase was compared in cell-free system. GTE's inhibitory potency was mainly attributed to catechins, among which, EGCG accounted for at least 80 % of the α-amylase inhibitory activity and 90 % of the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of GTE. In addition, the fluorescence quenching of the digestive enzymes by EGCG revealed that the binding site of EGCG-α-amylase was 1.2, and that for EGCG-α-glucosidase to be 2.0. The inhibitory potency of GTE, CM, and EGCG on glucose transport was assessed in Caco-2 monolayer system. Under the simulated fasting state, there was significant difference between the test materials regarding inhibitory potency according to two-way ANOVA ( P > 0.05). Under the simulated fed state, CM showed stronger inhibition than EGCG only at the highest test concentration (25.7 μg/mL), while no significant difference was observed between CM and the GTE. In conclusion, our results suggest that green tea's postprandial hypoglycemic potential can be attributed to its catechins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atmospheric turbulence causes most weather-related aircraft incidents. Commercial aircraft encounter moderate-or-greater turbulence tens of thousands of times each year worldwide, injuring probably hundreds of passengers (occasionally fatally), costing airlines tens of millions of dollars and causing structural damage to planes. Clear-air turbulence is especially difficult to avoid, because it cannot be seen by pilots or detected by satellites or on-board radar. Clear-air turbulence is linked to atmospheric jet streams, which are projected to be strengthened by anthropogenic climate change. However, the response of clear-air turbulence to projected climate change has not previously been studied. Here we show using climate model simulations that clear-air turbulence changes significantly within the transatlantic flight corridor when the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is doubled. At cruise altitudes within 50-75° N and 10-60° W in winter, most clear-air turbulence measures show a 10-40% increase in the median strength of turbulence and a 40-170% increase in the frequency of occurrence of moderate-or-greater turbulence. Our results suggest that climate change will lead to bumpier transatlantic flights by the middle of this century. Journey times may lengthen and fuel consumption and emissions may increase. Aviation is partly responsible for changing the climate, but our findings show for the first time how climate change could affect aviation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) is one of the most common congenital cardiac defects and accounts for approximately 6-10 % of all congenital cardiac defects []. With the development of various devices, percutaneous transcatheter closure of ASD has become the first choice for selected patients. However, percutaneous transcatheter closure procedures are not free of potential complications. We report a case of a 14 year old female patient with embolized ASD closure device in Pulmonary Artery (PA) 1 year after insertion. She was treated with pulmonary arteriotomy, with retrieval of device and surgical closure of ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A favoured method of assimilating information from state-of-the-art climate models into integrated assessment models of climate impacts is to use the transient climate response (TCR) of the climate models as an input, sometimes accompanied by a pattern matching approach to provide spatial information. More recent approaches to the problem use TCR with another independent piece of climate model output: the land-sea surface warming ratio ( φ). In this paper we show why the use of φ in addition to TCR has such utility. Multiple linear regressions of surface temperature change onto TCR and φ in 22 climate models from the CMIP3 multi-model database show that the inclusion of φ explains a much greater fraction of the inter-model variance than using TCR alone. The improvement is particularly pronounced in North America and Eurasia in the boreal summer season, and in the Amazon all year round. The use of φ as the second metric is beneficial for three reasons: firstly it is uncorrelated with TCR in state-of-the-art climate models and can therefore be considered as an independent metric; secondly, because of its projected time-invariance, the magnitude of φ is better constrained than TCR in the immediate future; thirdly, the use of two variables is much simpler than approaches such as pattern scaling from climate models. Finally we show how using the latest estimates of φ from climate models with a mean value of 1.6-as opposed to previously reported values of 1.4-can significantly increase the mean time-integrated discounted damage projections in a state-of-the-art integrated assessment model by about 15 %. When compared to damages calculated without the inclusion of the land-sea warming ratio, this figure rises to 65 %, equivalent to almost 200 trillion dollars over 200 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methods of bio-functionalize silicon nitride involve process steps to convert it into an oxynitride via plasma implantation techniques. Such methods can potentially damage microstructures such as cantilevers. In this paper,we report successful bio-functionalization of Hotwire CVD silicon nitride-based piezo-resistive cantilevers without any oxygen plasma treatment. Process to fabricate such structures and to bio-functionalize them is discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The land/sea warming contrast is a phenomenon of both equilibrium and transient simulations of climate change: large areas of the land surface at most latitudes undergo temperature changes whose amplitude is more than those of the surrounding oceans. Using idealised GCM experiments with perturbed SSTs, we show that the land/sea contrast in equilibrium simulations is associated with local feedbacks and the hydrological cycle over land, rather than with externally imposed radiative forcing. This mechanism also explains a large component of the land/sea contrast in transient simulations as well. We propose a conceptual model with three elements: (1) there is a spatially variable level in the lower troposphere at which temperature change is the same over land and sea; (2) the dependence of lapse rate on moisture and temperature causes different changes in lapse rate upon warming over land and sea, and hence a surface land/sea temperature contrast; (3) moisture convergence over land predominantly takes place at levels significantly colder than the surface; wherever moisture supply over land is limited, the increase of evaporation over land upon warming is limited, reducing the relative humidity in the boundary layer over land, and hence also enhancing the land/sea contrast. The non-linearity of the Clausius–Clapeyron relationship of saturation specific humidity to temperature is critical in (2) and (3). We examine the sensitivity of the land/sea contrast to model representations of different physical processes using a large ensemble of climate model integrations with perturbed parameters, and find that it is most sensitive to representation of large-scale cloud and stomatal closure. We discuss our results in the context of high-resolution and Earth-system modelling of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent models indicate that relatively moderate climates could exist on Earth-sized planets in synchronous rotation around red dwarf stars. Investigation of the global water cycle, availability of photosynthetically active radiation in red dwarf sunlight, and the biological implications of stellar flares, which can be frequent for red dwarfs, suggests that higher plant habitability of red dwarf planets may be possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Familial myxomas constitute 7 % of the total myxoma population exhibiting Mendelian autosomal dominant inheritance. We present a rare case of autosomal dominant benign familial myxoma occurring in three generations of the family operated successfully at our institute. A 40-year-old female presented with chest pain and palpitation, was diagnosed with left atrial myxoma, and was operated in 1993. After 2 years of surgery, the patient developed recurrent myxoma, and excision was done in 1995. A 22-year-old son complained of dyspnoea and chest pain. On evaluation, 5.6 × 2.6 cm right atrial myxoma attached to the roof of the right atrium was found, and the patient underwent myxoma excision in 2007. A 3-year-old granddaughter suffered from right hemiplegia. Echocardiography revealed left atrial myxoma 3 cm × 2 cm pedunculated lesion causing diastolic obstruction of mitral inflow. Operated patients in all three generations and other siblings have been genetically screened. On genetic evaluation, all diseased had autosomal dominant single-gene defect or microdeletion. Atrial myxomas presented at earlier age successively and in more aggressive form in these three generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arising from C. Mora et al. 502, 183-187 10.1038/nature12540 (2013)The question of when the signal of climate change will emerge from the background noise of climate variability-the 'time of emergence'-is potentially important for adaptation planning. Mora et al. presented precise projections of the time of emergence of unprecedented regional climates. However, their methodology produces artificially early dates at which specific regions will permanently experience unprecedented climates and artificially low uncertainty in those dates everywhere. This overconfidence could impair the effectiveness of climate risk management decisions. There is a Reply to this Brief Communication Arising by Mora, C. et al. Nature 511, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13524 (2014). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermal fatigue of die casting die steels causes reduction in tool life and seriously affects the surface conditions such as microstructure, hardness, surface finish and residual stresses. The improvement of die life by suitably modifying the die design assumes utmost importance for die designers. In this regard, a key issue is the size and location of cooling channels relative to the surface of the die, which affect the thermal stresses and fatigue life of dies. This paper focuses on thermal fatigue analysis of pressure-die-casting die steel H13 and analyses the effect of coolant channel location on temperature distribution and fatigue parameters such as life, damage, equivalent alternating stress and biaxiality using ANSYS Workbench 15.0 finite-element package. Increase in wall thickness (location of coolant channel from base) caused an increase in temperature and decrease in die life, which led to increase in volume porosity and hence crack initiation. The optimum coolant channel location from the base is obtained as 1 mm, which corresponds to minimum normal stress of 149.1 MPa, fatigue life of 4.1 × 105 cycles, fatigue damage of 2436.9 and equivalent alternating stress of 100.62 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the regional changes in rainfall. The changes in rainfall are found to be non-monotonic under a high emissions scenario which is considered to impact biodiversity and carbon cycle. The movement of the latitudinal position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone is noted to stir low-latitude regions to experience rainfall that increases in accordance with the wet get wetter paradigm. Projections of precipitation from different global climate models are used in the study.