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Abstract This study is situated against the backdrop of China’s emergence as a new player in the international higher education market and its initiative to promote the Chinese language through academic programmes. We interrupt the entrenched ‘Englishisation’ of higher education in non-Anglophone contexts and investigate Thai international students’ language ideologies and language practices in the Chinese-medium instruction (CMI) university context. The qualitative data reveals the dual functions of Chinese in Thai students’ day-to-day practices—a medium of instruction and a ‘default’ common language for communication both in and beyond formal settings. In spite of their native speakerism, we also found incongruence between language ideologies and practices in and beyond the classroom. This study carries important implications for teaching and learning in CMI universities and beyond, as we call for attention to multilingual awareness development, ‘respectability’ pedagogies and translanguaging practices in international universities with a linguistically diverse student population.

Abstract How does Tencent—a leading Chinese Internet enterprise—frame news to regulate popular nationalism? To address this problem, we applied the automated sentiment analysis program to more than 500,000 news comments on the Tencent news website during the 2012 Diaoyu (Senkaku) Islands incident. The results show that audiences’ online nationalism is significantly influenced by Tencent news, user engagement, and emotions. First, contrary to using stimulative nationalist narratives in the early stages of the incident, the platform shifts to restrictive nationalist narratives to prevent online nationalism from endangering social governance; second, restrictive news can decrease popular nationalism compared with stimulative news; third, users’ love, anger, and disgust emotion can increase their support for China, while the happiness emotion has the opposite effect. Online nationalism, as imaginary engagement, arises from the collusion among platforms, the government, and audiences, contributing to maintaining the government’s legitimacy. The computational approach promises to shed light on nationalism research.

Abstract Quantitative cultural studies have witnessed a surge with the rapid development of computer technology in recent years. Since ancient literature constitutes a long-time-span repository for human culture, with quantitative methods and ancient texts, scholars can study the genesis and progression of human history and society across historical epochs from digital perspectives. Nevertheless, traditional humanities scholars often lack the requisite technical skills, creating a demand for interactive platforms. This paper introduces the Evol platform—an online tool designed for the quantitative analysis of ancient literature. Equipped with various analysis functions and visualization tools, the Evol platform allows users to quantify literary documents through intuitive online interaction. Using this platform, we investigated three cases of cultural evolution in ancient Chinese history: (1) the changing attitude of the government towards nomadic ethnic groups; (2) the formulation and propagation of an allusion phrase related to the Battle of Muye; (3) the influence of the Book of Changes across diverse cultural domains. By showcasing cases across diverse semantic units and topics, Evol demonstrates its potential in providing efficient and low-cost experimental tools catering to the realms of culturomics, history, and philology.

Abstract In recent years, the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on firm performance has received increasing attention, with academic research deepening in this field. This study introduces national culture as a moderating variable and explores the relationship between national culture, CSR, and firm performance to determine the role of national culture in the impact of CSR on firm performance. Data of listed companies from 15 different countries, between 2011 and 2020, were collected for empirical analysis. Comprehensive environmental, social and governance (ESG) score was used to measure the degree of CSR fulfillment. The results reveal that CSR hinders firm performance. In terms of national culture, power distance index, and uncertainty avoidance have a negative relationship with firm performance, while individualism has a positive impact. Conversely, power distance index can enhance the negative correlation between CSR and firm performance. This study suggests that governments should appropriately intervene in the implementation of CSR and take the initiative to foster a national cultural climate of individualism and democracy.

Abstract The users of the Dark Web require a secure and highly anonymous environment to exchange information while protecting their online privacy, which presents a privacy dilemma. This paper examines the digital footprints of user behavior on the three most popular cryptomarket forums on the Dark Web, namely Silk Road 1, Silk Road 2, and Agora. The results indicate that users who engage in more conversations and employ a wider range of vocabulary are more likely to discontinue their participation on the forum. Intriguingly, no significant relationship is found between network characteristics and user engagement. These findings emphasize that the risk of exposure within anonymous communities primarily stems from the potency of information rather than social connections, which sheds light on the privacy dilemma inherent in the Dark Web and provides deeper insights into the online user behavior surrounding anonymity-granting technologies on the Internet.

Abstract The science communication community is constantly evolving. However, limited research has explored the relationship between engagement heterogeneity and fluctuations in science communication. This study aims to address this issue by examining the dissemination of scientific research on Twitter using network analysis. The findings reveal the sensitivity of low-engagement users in two distinct aspects. First, low-engagement users’ dissemination of scientific information is positively associated with the overall trend of scientific communication on social media, suggesting their heightened susceptibility to fluctuations and disengagement compared to other users. Second, low-engagement users show decreased attention to health-related topics during fluctuation periods. In light of these findings, an analytical model is developed to integrate the heterogeneity of information acceptance thresholds and external shocks. The simulation results of the model are consistent with empirical observations, highlighting the heterogeneity of information acceptance thresholds in science communication. This study contributes to the understanding of fluidity as the essence of science communication. As the proverb goes, a solid camp is guarded by ever-changing soldiers. The solid camp stabilizes science communication communities while flowing soldiers enable the influence of science communication to cross communities.

Abstract The challenge of raising a creative question exists in recombining different categories of knowledge. However, the impact of recombination remains controversial. Drawing on the theories of knowledge recombination and category-spanning, we claim that the impact of knowledge spanning on the appeal of questions is contingent upon questions’ knowledge hierarchy in the knowledge space. Using word embedding models and network analysis to quantify knowledge spanning and knowledge hierarchy respectively, we test our hypotheses with the data collected from a large online knowledge market (N = 463,545). Knowledge spanning has an inverted U-shaped influence on the appeal of questions: the appeal of questions increases up to a threshold, after which point the positive effect reverses. However, with the increase in knowledge hierarchy, the inverted U-shape is weakened and disappears quickly. We fill the research gap by conceptualizing question-asking as knowledge-spanning and highlighting the theoretical underpinnings of knowledge hierarchy. The theoretical and practical implications for future research on knowledge recombination are discussed.

Abstract Being recognized among the cradles of human civilization, ancient China nurtured the longest continuous academic traditions and humanistic spirits, which continue to impact today’s society. With an unprecedented large-scale corpus spanning 3000 years, this paper presents a quantitative analysis of cultural evolution in ancient China. Millions of intertextual associations are identified and modelled with a hierarchical framework via deep neural network and graph computation, thus allowing us to answer three progressive questions quantitatively: (1) What is the interaction between individual scholars and philosophical schools? (2) What are the vicissitudes of schools in ancient Chinese history? (3) How did ancient China develop a cross-cultural exchange with an externally introduced religion such as Buddhism? The results suggest that the proposed hierarchical framework for intertextuality modelling can provide sound suggestions for large-scale quantitative studies of ancient literature. An online platform is developed for custom data analysis within this corpus, which encourages researchers and enthusiasts to gain insight into this work. This interdisciplinary study inspires the re-understanding of ancient Chinese culture from a digital humanities perspective and prompts the collaboration between humanities and computer science.

In this study, direct numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the compressible flow around a circular cylinder near a heated wall at a Reynolds number (Re) of 500 and a Mach number (Ma) of 0.4. The heating ratio T* ranging from 1.0 to 1.6 represents the different situations of a heated wall, whereas the gap ratio ranges from 0.3 to 1.0. This study analyzed the impact of heating effect and wall proximity on flow characteristics and aerodynamic forces. The results indicated that the stability of the flow was enhanced as the gap ratio decreased or the heating ratio increased. Through the calculation of enstrophy, it was found that the strength of shedding vortices weakens with a decrease in gap ratio or an increase in heating ratio. Furthermore, the mean drag coefficient decreases as the heating ratio increases or the gap ratio decreases. In contrast, the mean lift coefficient initially decreases and then increases as the gap ratio decreases. Finally, the drag reduction mechanism was analyzed by examining the pressure distribution on the surface of the cylinder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red dragon fruit is gaining popularity globally due to its nutritional value and bioactive components. The study aimed to assess the phytochemical, nutritional composition, antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic properties of extracts from the South Chinese red dragon fruit peel, flesh, and seeds. Extract fractions with increasing polarity (ethyl acetate50 values ranging from 3.25–8.30 μg/mL. The flesh MT and ET extract fractions demonstrated substantial inhibitory effects, with MIC50 ranging 73.62–98.85 μg/mL, against several multidrug-resistant bacteria. Cytotoxicity assays revealed no adverse effects of the crude extract fractions on human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells (from adult human skin). Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analyses unveiled a wide array of compounds with known and unknown antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Thereafter, pharmacological property screening and molecular docking were performed. The results identified four active compounds, baicalein, quercetin, morin, and isorhamnetin, which demonstrated strong binding affinity with the selected target proteins and complied with most of the pharmacological parameters. In conclusion, this study provides essential information on the key nutrients present in the peel, flesh, and seeds of the red dragon fruit from Southern-China. Furthermore, it highlights the potential of ET and MT fractions, which contain compounds with promising antibacterial properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the influence of electric parameters and slag system on the solidification quality of electroslag ingot during electroslag remelting, different power supply modes, current strengths and remelting slag systems were used to conduct electroslag remelting experiments on 304L austenitic stainless steel, and the macrostructure of electroslag ingots was analyzed. The results indicate that the depth of the metal pool decreases with the reduction of remelting frequency in the low frequency power supply mode. The effects of different power supply modes, such as low-frequency, direct current straight polarity (DCSP), and direct current reverse polarity (DCRP), on reducing the depth of the metal pool increase in that order. By reducing the remelting current strength in the same power supply mode, the depth of metal pool is reduced. When compared to the binary slag system of 70% CaF2+30% Al2O3, the ternary slag system of 60% CaF2+20% Al2O3+20% CaO is more effective in reducing the depth of the metal pool during remelting. Utilizing the 60% CaF2+20% Al2O3+20% CaO ternary slag system results in a shallower and flatter metal pool, with columnar crystal growth occurring closer to the axial crystal. This effect is observed for both low frequency and direct current (DC) power supply modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The function of nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCoR1) in cardiomyocytes is unclear, and its physiological and pathological implications are unknown. Here, we found that cardiomyocyte‐specific NCoR1 knockout (CMNKO) mice manifested cardiac hypertrophy at baseline and had more severe cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction after pressure overload. Knockdown of NCoR1 exacerbated whereas overexpression mitigated phenylephrine‐induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Mechanistic studies revealed that myocyte enhancer factor 2a (MEF2a) and MEF2d mediated the effects of NCoR1 on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. The receptor interaction domains (RIDs) of NCoR1 interacted with MEF2a to repress its transcriptional activity. Furthermore, NCoR1 formed a complex with MEF2a and class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs) to suppress hypertrophy‐related genes. Finally, overexpression of RIDs of NCoR1 in the heart attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction induced by pressure overload. In conclusion, NCoR1 cooperates with MEF2 and HDACs to repress cardiac hypertrophy. Targeting NCoR1 and the MEF2/HDACs complex may be an attractive therapeutic strategy to tackle pathological cardiac hypertrophy.

Abstract Multidrug‐resistant (MDR) Gram‐negative bacteria account for a majority of fatal infections, and development of new antibiotic principles and drugs is therefore of outstanding importance. Here, we report that five most clinically difficult‐to‐treat MDR Gram‐negative bacteria are highly sensitive to a synergistic combination of silver and ebselen. In contrast, silver has no synergistic toxicity with ebselen on mammalian cells. The silver and ebselen combination causes a rapid depletion of glutathione and inhibition of the thioredoxin system in bacteria. Silver ions were identified as strong inhibitors of Escherichia coli thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase, which are required for ribonucleotide reductase and DNA synthesis and defense against oxidative stress. The bactericidal efficacy of silver and ebselen was further verified in the treatment of mild and acute MDR E. coli peritonitis in mice. These results demonstrate that thiol‐dependent redox systems in bacteria can be targeted in the design of new antibacterial drugs. The silver and ebselen combination offers a proof of concept in targeting essential bacterial systems and might be developed for novel efficient treatments against MDR Gram‐negative bacterial infections.

China is a coal-rich country and produces 50% of the global total coal production. Coal is the source of 51.8% of total energy consumption and, therefore, the most critical and crucial driver of China’s economic development. The number of coal-fired power plants has increased rapidly in China in recent years to support economic growth, which has made the power plants the largest coal user (57.7%) in the country. With the continuous expansion of coal power plants, China’s coal production increased by 115 million tons per year from 2000 to 2020. This has caused a rapid increase in both water abstraction and the discharge of untreated wastewater, contributing to serious pollution, an imbalance between water supply and demand, groundwater overexploitation, and ecological degradation in the areas with extensive coal mining, coal-fired power generation, and the coal chemical industry. There is an urgent need for an in-depth study and assessment of the advances in the water resources management strategies in large coal-power bases to assess the impact and recommend the strategy for achieving sustainability in water resources. In this paper, a comprehensive, consistent, adaptable, and systematic water resource assessment framework is developed. The strategies are proposed for planning and managing large coal-power bases in China to fill the existing gap in the project planning, development, and implementation of coal mines and power plants and help China to become a carbon-neutral country by 2060. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NbC ceramic surface-reinforced steel matrix composites were prepared by an in-situ reaction method at different temperatures (1,050 °C, 1,100 °C and 1,150 °C) for different times (1 h, 2 h and 3 h). The phase constitution, microstructure and fracture morphology of NbC ceramic surface-reinforced steel matrix composites were analyzed by XRD, SEM and EDS, and the effects of the in-situ reaction temperature and time on the mechanical properties were systematically studied. The results indicate that the NbC reinforcement layer is formed through the reaction between Nb atoms and carbon atoms diffused from the steel matrix to the Nb plate. The thickness of this reinforcement layer increases as the reaction time prolongs. Additionally, an increase in reaction temperature results in a thicker reinforcement layer, although the rate of increase gradually decreases. The relationship among the thickness of the NbC reinforcement layer, the reaction time and temperature was established by data fitting. The optimal tensile performance is achieved at 1,100 °C for 1 h, with a tensile strength of 228 MPa. It is also found that the defects between the reinforcement layer and the steel matrix are related to reaction temperature. At 1,100 °C, these defects are minimal. Fracture mostly occurs in the NbC reinforced layer of the composites, and the fracture mode is characterized by typical intergranular brittle fracture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a single compound extracted from Asian and American ginseng, ginsenoside Rg3 works commonly as an adjuvant reagent in combatting cancer. The anti-cancer role of Rg3 has been mentioned in many studies. However, the mechanism of its function in colon cancer remains unclear. Expression of miR-15b-5p and AXIN2, Pearson correlation and binding sites between ATXN8OS, miR-15b-5p and AXIN2 were analyzed using bioinformatics. The downstream regulatory genes of ATXN8OS were predicted, and the binding relationship was examined by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and dual-luciferase assays. qRT-PCR was utilized to examine ATXN8OS expression and its downstream target genes in colon cancer cells. Western blot assay was employed for determining expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related marker proteins. As for examination of cell migration and invasion, transwell assay was carried out. The determination of ATXN8OS location was accomplished by fluorescence in situ hybridization assay. The proportion of marker proteins in epithelial and mesenchymal cells was detected by immunofluorescence. ATXN8OS showed high expression in colon cancer cells, and its low expression induced by ginsenoside Rg3 could suppress colon cancer cell invasion and migration. ATXN8OS indirectly up-regulated AXIN2 expression by targeting miR-15b-5p, thereby facilitating the EMT ability as well as colon cancer cell invasion and migration. The molecular mechanism by which ATXN8OS/miR-15b-5p/AXIN2 signaling axis promoted metastasis of colon cancer cells was expanded upon in this study. We also revealed the suppressive role of ginsenoside Rg3 in colon cancer, which may provide novel insights into the therapeutic application of ginsenoside Rg3 in colon cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the correlation between vitamin D and diabetic nephropathy. Methods: Relevant evidences were searched from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Ovid and China Knowledge Resource Integrated (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform databases (WANFANG), and VIP dating from inception to December 2019 to obtain the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of vitamin D in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of included studies. Rev Man 5.3 software was used to conduct statistical analysis. Results: A total of 10 studies involving 651 patients were identified. These studies were finally included into the meta-analysis. A meta-analysis results showed that vitamin D is the protection factor in diabetic nephropathy, the group treated with vitamin D did better than the traditional drug and the placebo group. After taking vitamin D, the level of vitamin D in the patient's body increased significantly. Pooled results showed that there was a significant difference for vitamin D (MD = 38.24, 95%CI = 32.69–43.79, p < 0.001.) The patient had a significant decrease in urinary protein; the difference was statistically significant (MD = − 180.92, 95%CI = − 212.67 to − 149.16, p < 0.001). The blood creatinine content decreased obviously (MD = − 17.13, 95%CI = − 27.88 to − 6.37, p < 0.01). However, most of the included studies did not report the quality of life and adverse reactions of patients, making it impossible to analyze these measures. Conclusion: This study showed that vitamin D played an active role in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy and can be used in future clinical applications. However, there are still some studies of low quality in the included studies, so it is suggested that clinical and scientific researchers carry out more high-quality, large sample, multi-center randomized controlled trials (RCTS) to provide more evidence-based medical evidence for future studies on vitamin D treatment of diabetic nephropathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, HEA/Al composite interlayer was used to fabricate Ti/Mg bimetal composites by solidliquid compound casting process. The Al layer was prepared on the surface of TC4 alloy by hot dipping, and the FeCoNiCr HEA layer was prepared by magnetron sputtering onto the Al layer. The influence of the HEA layer thickness and pouring temperature on interface evolution was investigated based on SEM observation and thermodynamic analysis. Results indicate that the sluggish diffusion effect of HEA can effectively inhibit the interfacial diffusion between Al and Mg, which is conducive to the formation of solid solution, especially when the thickness of HEA is 800 nm. With the increase of casting temperature from 720 °C to 730 °C, 740°C, and 750 °C, α-Al(Mg), α-Al(Mg)+Al3Mg2, Al3Mg2+Al12Mg17, and Al12Mg17+δ-Mg are formed at the interface of Ti/Mg bimetal, respectively. When the thickness of the HEA layer is 800 nm and the pouring temperature is 720 °C, the bonding strength of the Ti/Mg bimetal can reach the maximum of 93.6 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Robot-assisted thoracic surgery has gradually been accepted as an alternative treatment for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) owing to its advantages. However, severe incomplete interlobar fissure may lead to a high rate of conversion and postoperative morbidity. This retrospective study was conducted to assess the safety and efficiency of robot-assisted lung resection for patients with incomplete fissures (IFs). Methods: A retrospective review of medical records was performed in our institution from March 2021 to November 2021, and 207 patients with NSCLC who underwent robot-assisted anatomic lung resection were included in this study. Patients were divided into the IF group and the complete fissure (CF) group according to the level of fissure, which was determined based on the anatomical classification of pulmonary fissures. Results: The number of patients in the IF and CF groups was 87 and 120, respectively. In univariate analysis, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of operative time (p = 0.66), intraoperative blood loss (p = 0.26), chest tube duration (p = 0.41), incidence of prolonged air leakage (PAL, p = 0.49), or length of postoperative hospital stay (p = 0.25). No patients experienced bronchopleural fistula, pneumonia, or cardiovascular complications. The total cost in the IF group was higher than that in the CF group (¥83,655 ± 13,314 versus ¥78,211 ± 11,980, p = 0.002). Conclusion: IF does not increase the difficulty of lung cancer surgery with robotic platforms. Robot-assisted anatomic lung resection using the tunnel technique is an effective and safe method for IF patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) has been a tough challenge for developing economies like Saudi Arabia. Implementation of SSCM practices in the manufacturing industry has been prone to multiple risk factors that need to be identified, evaluated, and prioritized especially considering the dynamics of the manufacturing industry in a developing economy. Moreover, it is also imperative to trace out feasible and sustainable strategies to overcome the risks to SSCM practices adoption. This study serves this purpose and identifies, evaluates, prioritizes the risk factors, sub-factors, and strategies to overcome these risk factors in the implementation of SSCM practices in the manufacturing industry in Saudi Arabia. An integrated multi-criteria decision analysis approach by combining fuzzy AHP and fuzzy WASPAS methods is employed for the analyses. The fuzzy AHP analysis results show that economic risks are dominant risks followed by the managerial policy risks and environmental risks in implementing SSCM. Industrial emissions are the leading risk factors in the overall ranking of the sustainable supply chain sub-risk factors followed by market dynamics, management policy failures, financial constraints, and credit uncertainty. While evaluating the sustainable supply chain strategies using fuzzy WASPAS, it is concluded that commitment and support of top, middle, and lower level management is the most pivotal strategy to deal with the risks to SSCM in Saudi Arabia followed by establishing environmental policies and goals to adopt SSCM, and provision of the financial resources and subsidies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been demonstrated that circ_0001874 and circ_0001971 are potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of oral squamous carcinoma (OSCC). MiR-186 was reported to serve as a tumor suppressor in OSCC, and the down-regulation of miR-186 was reported to lead to higher expression of oncogenic factor SHP2 and the activation of growth promoting signaling. In this study, we aimed to explore the possible molecular role of circ_0001874 and circ_0001971 signaling in the pathogenesis of OSCC. RT-qPCR, Western blot, online bioinformatics tools and luciferase assay were utilized to study the molecular signaling pathways of circ_0001874 and circ_0001971. MTT assay and FCM assay were performed to investigate the synergistic effect of circ_0001971 and circ_0001874 on cell proliferation and apoptosis. By observing the effect of different miRNAs on the levels of circ_0001847 and circ_0001971, it was identified that circ_0001847 and circ_0001971 respectively sponged the expression of miR-296 and miR-186 via binding to these miRNAs. Also, SHP2 mRNA and PLK1 mRNA were respectively targeted by miR-186 and miR-296-5p. We also established two signaling pathways, i.e., circ_0001971/miR-186/SHP2 and circ_0001874/miR-296-5p/PLK1, and validated the synergistic effect of circ_0001971 and circ_0001874 via observing their positive effect on cell proliferation and negative effect on cell apoptosis. The expression of miR-186 and miR-296-5p was generally lower in saliva of OSCC patients compared with that in OLK patients, while the expression of miR-186 and miR-296-5p was specifically up-regulated in saliva of OSCC patients. In conclusion, the finding of this study demonstrated that the relative level of hsa_circ_0001971 and hsa_circ_0001874 were different in the saliva of OSCC patients and could be used as predictive biomarkers for the development of OSCC. Furthermore, oncogenic effects of hsa_circ_0001971 and hsa_circ_0001874 in the development of OSCC might be, at least partially, mediated by its downstream signaling pathways including hsa_circ_0001971/microRNA-186/SHP2 and hsa_circ_0001874/microRNA-297/PLK1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Traditional unsupervised seismic facies analysis techniques need to assume that seismic data obey mixed Gaussian distribution. However, field seismic data may not meet this condition, thereby leading to wrong classification in the application of this technology. This paper introduces a spectral clustering technique for unsupervised seismic facies analysis. This algorithm is based on on the idea of a graph to cluster the data. Its kem is that seismic data are regarded as points in space, points can be connected with the edge and construct to graphs. When the graphs are divided, the weights of the edges between the different subgraphs are as low as possible, whereas the weights of the inner edges of the subgraph should be as high as possible. That has high computational complexity and entails large memory consumption for spectral clustering algorithm. To solve the problem this paper introduces the idea of sparse representation into spectral clustering. Through the selection of a small number of local sparse representation points, the spectral clustering matrix of all sample points is approximately represented to reduce the cost of spectral clustering operation. Verification of physical model and field data shows that the proposed approach can obtain more accurate seismic facies classification results without considering the data meet any hypothesis. The computing efficiency of this new method is better than that of the conventional spectral clustering method, thereby meeting the application needs of field seismic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the probe approximation, we construct a holographic p-wave conductor/superconductor model in the five-dimensional Lifshitz black hole with the Weyl correction via both numerical and analytical methods, and study the effects of the Lifshitz parameter z as well as the Weyl parameter γ on the superconductor model. As we take into account one of the two corrections separately, the increasing z (γ ) inhibits(enhances) the superconductor phase transition. When the two corrections are considered comprehensively, they display the obviously competitive effects on both the critical temperature and the vector condensate. In particular, the promoting effects of the Weyl parameter γ on the critical temperature are obviously suppressed by the increasing Lifshitz parameter. Meanwhile, in the case of z < 2.35 ( z > 2.35 ), the condensate at lower temperature decreases(increases) with the increasing Weyl parameter γ . What is more, the difference among the condensate with the fixed Weyl parameter( γ = - 6 100 , 0 , 4 100 ) decreases(increases) with the increasing Lifshitz parameter z in the region z < 2.35 ( z > 2.35 ). Furthermore, the increasing z obviously suppresses the real part of conductivity for all value of the Weyl parameter γ . In addition, the analytical results agree well with the ones from the numerical method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We build a holographic s-wave conductor/superconductor model and an insulator/superconductor model in the four-dimensional conformal anomaly corrected (CAC) AdS gravity. The effects of CAC parameter α are studied using both numerical and analytical methods in the probe approximation. Concretely, when the CAC parameter increases, the critical temperature increases for the conductor/superconductor phase transition, while the critical chemical potential decreases for the insulator/superconductor case, which suggests that the increasing CAC parameter enhances both superconducting phase transitions. Meanwhile, below the critical temperature or beyond the critical chemical potential, the scalar hair begins to condense, and the condensed phases are found to be thermodynamically stable. The critical behaviors obtained from numerics are confirmed by our analytical analysis. In addition, the energy gap in the conductor/superconductor model decreases monotonically with the increasing CAC parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking Fe-C binary alloy as an example, based on the multi-phase field model, the nucleation and growth of δ phase, peritectic reaction, peritectic transformation, and the growth of subsequent austenite are simulated. Effects of the nucleation site of austenite on the peritectic reaction rate and the starting time of the peritectic transformation were studied. The simulation results show that the γ phase, as a shell, surrounds the γ phase and grows rapidly when the peritectic reaction occurs between the dendritic γ grains, and a layer of γ phase shell is formed around γ phase after the peritectic reaction. After the δ phase is surrounded by γ phase completely, the membrane shell separates the L phase from the δ phase, so that the phase transfers from peritectic reaction to peritectic transformation. During the peritectic transformation, since the solute diffusion coefficient of the liquid phase is much greater than that of the solid phase, the average growth rate of austenite in the liquid phase is visibly higher than that of the δ phase. The peritectic reaction rate is related to the curvature of the nucleation site of the γ phase on the δ phase grains. The peritectic reaction rate at the large curvatures is faster than that at small curvatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new continuous multi-phase transformation field model was established for liquid-solid-eutectoid transformation. Taking Fe-C alloy as an example, the model was used to simulate the evolution of the micromorphology of the liquid-solid phase transition, and the effects of temperature, solute and free energy on the nucleation of pearlite after the liquid-solid phase transition were analyzed. The micro-morphology of pearlite was simulated. The simulation results show that the austenite structure has hereditary effect on the pearlite, the morphology of pearlite structure was similar to that of Key words: multi-phase field method; multiple phase transformation; pearlite; free energy; numerical simulationthe parent austenite. The eutectoid structure at the front of pearlite grows toward the interior of austenite grains in a bifurcation manner and in the spherical coronal shape. In addition, the growth rate of pearlite was related to the shape of concave-convex interface at the nucleation site, and the growth rate at the convex interface was faster than that at the concave interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DNA damage contributes to brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the factors stimulating DNA repair to stave off functional decline remain obscure. We show that HDAC1 modulates OGG1-initated 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) repair in the brain. HDAC1- deficient mice display age-associated DNA damage accumulation and cognitive impairment. HDAC1 stimulates OGG1, a DNA glycosylase known to remove 8-oxoG lesions that are associated with transcriptional repression. HDAC1 deficiency causes impaired OGG1 activity, 8-oxoG accumulation at the promoters of genes critical for brain function, and transcriptional repression. Moreover, we observe elevated 8-oxoG along with reduced HDAC1 activity and downregulation of a similar gene set in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Notably, pharmacological activation of HDAC1 alleviates the deleterious effects of 8-oxoG in aged wild-type and 5XFAD mice. Our work uncovers important roles for HDAC1 in 8-oxoG repair and highlights the therapeutic potential of HDAC1 activation to counter functional decline in brain aging and neurodegeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Storm surges, which may cause considerable casualties and economic losses, are among the most serious natural disasters that threaten the coastal areas of China. Storm surge disaster risk assessment can reflect the expected losses and severity of future storm surge impacts in coastal areas and thus provides important decision support for disaster prevention and mitigation. In this study, the Jinshan District in Shanghai was chosen as a case study area for establishing a high-precision storm surge numerical model. Based on typical historical storm surge disaster processes, key parameters were set up for a typhoon-induced probable maximum storm surge in Jinshan District. The inundation range and water depth distribution of such a typhoon-induced storm surge in Jinshan District were calculated, and the hazard level was classified. Based on land-use types and the distribution of important coastal disaster exposure, the vulnerability level of Jinshan District to storm surge disasters was evaluated. In light of the hazard and vulnerability levels to storm surge disasters, we assessed the risk-level distribution of such disasters in Jinshan District. The results show that the overall risk of storm surge disasters was high in this district. Most coastal areas of Shihua sub-district and Shanyang Town and some areas of Fengjing, Zhujing, and Tinglin Towns in Jinshan District were Level I storm disaster risk areas. The obtained results could serve as a basis for developing a methodology aimed at storm surge disaster risk assessment in coastal areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Via numerical and analytical method, we construct the holographic p-wave conductor/superconductor model with C 2 F 2 correction (where C 2 F 2 = C μ ν α β C α β μ ν F ρ σ F ρ σ , and C μ ν α β and F ρ σ denotes the Weyl tensor and gauge field strength, respectively.)in the four-dimensional Schwarzschild-AdS black hole, and mainly study the effects of C 2 F 2 correction parameter denoted by γ on the properties of superconductors. The results show that for all values of the C 2 F 2 parameter, there always exists a critical temperature below which the vector hair appears. Meanwhile, the critical temperature increases with the improving C 2 F 2 parameter γ , which suggests that the improving C 2 F 2 parameter enhances the superconductor phase transition. Furthermore, at the critical temperature, the real part of conductivity reproduces respectively a Drude-like peak and an obviously pronounced peak for some value of nonvanishing C 2 F 2 parameter. At the low temperature, a clear energy gap can be observed at the intermediate frequency and the ratio of the energy gap to the critical temperature decreases with the increasing C 2 F 2 parameter, which is consistent with the effect of the C 2 F 2 parameter on the critical temperature. In addition, the analytical results agree well with the numerical results, which means that the analytical Sturm–Liouville method is still reliable in the grand canonical ensemble. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of Ca addition on the solidification microstructure of hypoeutectic Al-Si casting alloys was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods with particular attention focused on the change of morphologies of primary α-Al and eutectic silicon. Meanwhile, solute distribution in solid-liquid was simulated according to Scheil-Gulliver law. Results showed that primary α-Al and eutectic silicon were refined as Ca content increased because of the variation of the solute concentration in liquid. The addition of Ca increased the nucleation sites like Al3Ti or Al2Cu to promote the nucleation of primary α-Al. Affected by modification effect of Ca, the shape of eutectic silicon changed from flake to fibrous structure. In addition, coarse plate Ca-rich phases could be found along the grain boundary with high Ca content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The solubility of DL-malic acid in methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, ethyl acetate and acetonitrile in the temperature range 283-318 K was measured by acid-base titration method. The solubility of DL-malic acid increased with elevating temperature. The solubility data were correlated by the modified Apelblat, Buchowski-Książczak, Van't Hoff, Wilson, and non-random two-liquid equations. The calculation results showed that these equations provide good prediction with the acceptable ARD values and RMSD values among all the satisfactory fitting results given by each equation. The mixing Gibbs energy, enthalpy and entropy of real solution were derived based on the Wilson equation and the measured solubility data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A series of novel dendritic salicylaldimine ligands and their corresponding iron complexes have been synthesized using 1.0 generation (1.0 G) dendritic macromolecules, salicylaldehyde and FeCl2 · 4H2O as raw materials. The structures of the ligands and iron complexes were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, UV, ESI-MS, and elemental analysis. The dendritic salicylaldimine iron complexes presented moderate catalytic activity in ethylene oligomerization and selectivity for higher carbon number olefins products (≥C8) when they were activated with methylaluminoxane (MAO). The catalytic activity and product selectivity were related to the co-catalyst, solvent, bridged group length and reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, Al/Fe molar ratio and ethylene pressure. The complex C3 showed the highest catalytic activity (up to 13.75 × 104 g (mol Fe h)-1) and the selectivity of higher carbon number olefins (35.31%) at the optimized conditions. Moreover, the catalytic properties of dendritic salicylaldimine iron complex C3 was better than non-dendritic iron complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yarn strength index is a heavy index of yarn quality, Yarn quality can be well controlled by predicting yarn strength index. Generally, multiple non regression algorithms, support vector machines (SVD) and BP neural network algorithms are generally used to predict yarn strength. This paper presents an algorithm to connect the convolution neural network (CNN) with the BP neural network, which is written as the CNN-BP algorithm. We use 20 sets of data to train CNN-BP algorithm, regression, V-SVD algorithm, and BP neural network. We tested CNN-BP algorithm, regression, V-SVD algorithm, and BP neural network with 5 sets of data. The CNN-BP neural network algorithm is the best in these four algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, the effect of solute atoms on the lattice parameters, atomic volume, stacking fault energies (γSF), bulk modulus, and bonding structures of HCP Ti is studied comprehensively by first-principles calculations. Here, the alloying effects on the growth fault (I1), deformation fault (I2) and extrinsic fault (EF) are considered, with the solute atoms (X = Al, Cr, Mo, Nb, and V) commonly utilized in the high-strength Ti-7333 and Ti-5553 alloys selected. It is found that the stacking fault energies of pure Ti increase in the order of γI1<γI2<γEF, which is proportional to their corresponding numbers of fault layers. The variation tendencies of γSF of the binary Ti–X alloys are in the order of Al>V>Cr>Mo>Nb for I1 and I2 and V>Al>Cr>Nb>Mo for EF, respectively. The bonding charge density is utilized to characterize the electronic redistributions caused by the fault layers and the lattice distortions. It is presented that the rod-type bonds of the non-fault layers change into the tetrahedral-shaped bonds of fault layers, displaying the local HCP–FCC-type phase transformation. With the addition of various solute atoms with different atomic size and valance electrons, the bond strengths of Ti–Al and Ti–Nb are weaker than those of Ti–Cr and Ti–Mo as there are fewer densities of bonding electrons. This work gains some insights into the atomic and electronic basis for the solid-solution strengthened bulk and stacking faults of HCP Ti, providing fundamental information to the development of advanced high-strength Ti alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research article, a new mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of vector-borne diseases with vertical transmission and cure is developed. The non-negative solutions of the model are shown. To understand the dynamical behavior of the epidemic model, the theory of basic reproduction number is used. As this number increases, the disease invades the population and vice versa. The effect of vertical transmission and cure rate on the basic reproduction number is shown. The disease-free and endemic equilibria of the model are found and both their local and global stabilities are presented. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out graphically to show the dynamical behaviors. These results show that vertical transmission and cure have a valuable effect on the transmission dynamics of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The abrasive erosion mechanism in ultrasonic assisted abrasive waterjet machining is investigated in the present study. The process was theoretically analyzed and a numerical model for the abrasive particle impact process considering the target workpiece vibration was developed. A time-dependent load was imposed on the model boundary to apply the vibration. The model was utilized to investigate the response of target material with explicit dynamic method. Effects of ultrasonic vibration and other process parameters on the material removal and response such as residual stress were investigated. Analysis on erosion process by multiple particles in ultrasonic vibration assisted AWJ was also carried out. The model was finally verified by experiments. The results indicate that the application of ultrasonic vibration can enhance the material removal capacity of the abrasive particle and intensify the material deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major depressive disorder is associated with abnormalities in the brain and the immune system. Chronic stress in animals showed that epigenetic and inflammatory mechanisms play important roles in mediating resilience and susceptibility to depression. Here, through a highthroughput screening, we identify two phytochemicals, dihydrocaffeic acid (DHCA) and malvidin-3'-O-glucoside (Mal-gluc) that are effective in promoting resilience against stress by modulating brain synaptic plasticity and peripheral inflammation. DHCA/Mal-gluc also significantly reduces depression-like phenotypes in a mouse model of increased systemic inflammation induced by transplantation of hematopoietic progenitor cells from stresssusceptible mice. DHCA reduces pro-inflammatory interleukin 6 (IL-6) generations by inhibiting DNA methylation at the CpG-rich IL-6 sequences introns 1 and 3, while Mal-gluc modulates synaptic plasticity by increasing histone acetylation of the regulatory sequences of the Rac1 gene. Peripheral inflammation and synaptic maladaptation are in line with newly hypothesized clinical intervention targets for depression that are not addressed by currently available antidepressants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An aptamer based method is described for the electrochemical determination of ampicillin. It is based on the use ofDNA aptamer, DNA functionalized gold nanoparticles (DNA-AuNPs), and single-stranded DNA binding protein (ssDNA-BP). When the aptamer hybridizes with the target DNA on the AuNPs, the ssDNA-BP is captured on the electrode surface via its specific interaction with ss-DNA. This results in a decreased electrochemical signal of the redox probe Fe(CN)63- which is measured best at a voltage of 0.188 mV (vs. reference electrode). In the presence of ampicillin, the formation of aptamer-ampicillin conjugate blocks the further immobilization of DNA-AuNPs and ssDNA-BP, and this leads to an increased response. The method has a linear reposne that convers the 1 pM to 5 nM ampicillin concentration range, with a 0.38 pM detection limit (at an S/N ratio of 3). The assay is selective, stable and reproducible. It was applied to the determination of ampicillin in spiked milk samples where it gave recoveries ranging from 95.5 to 105.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating epigenetic data with genome-wide association study (GWAS) results can reveal disease mechanisms. The genome sequence itself also shapes the epigenome, with CpG density and transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) strongly encoding the DNA methylome. Therefore, genetic polymorphism impacts on the observed epigenome. Furthermore, large genetic variants alter epigenetic signal dosage. Here, we identify DNA methylation variability between GWAS-SNP risk and non-risk haplotypes. In three subsets comprising 3128 MeDIPseq peripheral-blood DNA methylomes, we find 7173 consistent and functionally enriched Differentially Methylated Regions. 36.8% can be attributed to common non-SNP genetic variants. CpG-SNPs, as well as facilitative TFBS-motifs, are also enriched. Highlighting their functional potential, CpG-SNPs strongly associate with allele-specific DNase-I hypersensitivity sites. Our results demonstrate strong DNA methylation allelic differences driven by obligatory or facilitative genetic effects, with potential direct or regional diseaserelated repercussions. These allelic variations require disentangling from pure tissue-specific modifications, may influence array studies, and imply underestimated population variability in current reference epigenomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loss of 4E-BP1 expression has been linked to cancer progression and resistance to mTOR inhibitors, but the mechanism underlying 4E-BP1 downregulation in tumors remains unclear. Here we identify Snail as a strong transcriptional repressor of 4E-BP1. We find that 4E-BP1 expression inversely correlates with Snail level in cancer cell lines and clinical specimens. Snail binds to three E-boxes present in the human 4E-BP1 promoter to repress transcription of 4E-BP1. Ectopic expression of Snail in cancer cell lines lacking Snail profoundly represses 4EBP1 expression, promotes cap-dependent translation in polysomes, and reduces the antiproliferative effect of mTOR kinase inhibitors. Conversely, genetic and pharmacological inhibition of Snail function restores 4E-BP1 expression and sensitizes cancer cells to mTOR kinase inhibitors by enhancing 4E-BP1-mediated translation-repressive effect on cell proliferation and tumor growth. Our study reveals a critical Snail-4E-BP1 signaling axis in tumorigenesis, and provides a rationale for targeting Snail to improve mTOR-targeted therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, solar-thermal energy storage within phase-change materials relies on adding high thermal-conductivity fillers to improve the thermal-diffusion-based charging rate, which often leads to limited enhancement of charging speed and sacrificed energy storage capacity. Here we report the exploration of a magnetically enhanced photon-transport-based charging approach, which enables the dynamic tuning of the distribution of optical absorbers dispersed within phase-change materials, to simultaneously achieve fast charging rates, large phase-change enthalpy, and high solar-thermal energy conversion efficiency. Compared with conventional thermal charging, the optical charging strategy improves the charging rate by more than 270% and triples the amount of overall stored thermal energy. This superior performance results from the distinct step-by-step photon-transport charging mechanism and the increased latent heat storage through magnetic manipulation of the dynamic distribution of optical absorbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate dual-energy spectral CT imaging in evaluating the degree of differentiation in colon cancer. Methods: Forty-seven colon cancer patients underwent spectral CT during arterial phase (AP) and portal venous phase (PP), and were characterized pathologically differentiated to well-differentiated (A, n = 18) and poorly differentiated or undifferentiated carcinoma group (B, n = 29). Lesion iodine concentration (IC) was measured and normalized to that of aorta (NIC). CT numbers were measured and the slope ( λ ) of the spectral HU curve was calculated. These parameters were statistically compared between the two groups. ROC curves were used to evaluate their diagnostic efficacies. Results: There were significant differences in IC (1.01 ± 0.20 vs. 1.59 ± 0.57 mg/ml), NIC (0.12 ± 0.03 vs. 0.19 ± 0.09), λ (1.41 ± 0.29 vs. 2.03 ± 0.85), and CT number at 70 keV (48.61 ± 9.03HU vs. 63.97 ± 15.86HU) between groups A and B in AP ( p < 0.05), but no difference in PP. Using IC = 1.13 mg/ml in AP as the threshold, one obtained a sensitivity of 81.8% and a specificity of 71.4% for differentiating well-differentiated from poorly differentiated or undifferentiated carcinoma. These values were statistically higher than those (64.7% and 62.3%) using CT number at 70 keV. Conclusion: Spectral CT imaging parameters (IC, NIC, and λ ) in AP provide improved accuracy for evaluating the degrees of differentiation in colon cancer than CT number at 70 keV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Olivine lithium iron phosphate is a technologically important electrode material for lithiumion batteries and a model system for studying electrochemically driven phase transformations. Despite extensive studies, many aspects of the phase transformation and lithium transport in this material are still not well understood. Here we combine operando hard X-ray spectroscopic imaging and phase-field modeling to elucidate the delithiation dynamics of single-crystal lithium iron phosphate microrods with long-axis along the [010] direction. Lithium diffusivity is found to be two-dimensional in microsized particles containing ~3% lithium-iron anti-site defects. Our study provides direct evidence for the previously predicted surface reaction-limited phase-boundary migration mechanism and the potential operation of a hybrid mode of phase growth, in which phase-boundary movement is controlled by surface reaction or lithium diffusion in different crystallographic directions. These findings uncover the rich phase-transformation behaviors in lithium iron phosphate and intercalation compounds in general and can help guide the design of better electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on bacteria detected in maternal fluids during pregnancy are typically associated with adverse consequences, and whether the female reproductive tract harbours distinct microbial communities beyond the vagina has been a matter of debate. Here we systematically sample the microbiota within the female reproductive tract in 110 women of reproductive age, and examine the nature of colonisation by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and cultivation. We find distinct microbial communities in cervical canal, uterus, fallopian tubes and peritoneal fluid, differing from that of the vagina. The results reflect a microbiota continuum along the female reproductive tract, indicative of a non-sterile environment. We also identify microbial taxa and potential functions that correlate with the menstrual cycle or are over-represented in subjects with adenomyosis or infertility due to endometriosis. The study provides insight into the nature of the vagino-uterine microbiome, and suggests that surveying the vaginal or cervical microbiota might be useful for detection of common diseases in the upper reproductive tract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beetles are the most diverse group of macroscopic organisms since the mid-Mesozoic. Much of beetle speciosity is attributable to myriad life habits, particularly diverse-feeding strategies involving interactions with plant substrates, such as wood. However, the life habits and early evolution of wood-boring beetles remain shrouded in mystery from a limited fossil record. Here we report new material from the upper Permian (Changhsingian Stage, ca. 254–252 million-years ago) of China documenting a microcosm of ecological associations involving a polyphagan wood-borer consuming cambial and wood tissues of the conifer Ningxiaites specialis. This earliest evidence for a component community of several trophically interacting taxa is frozen in time by exceptional preservation. The combination of an entry tunnel through bark, a cambium mother gallery, and up to 11 eggs placed in lateral niches—from which emerge multi-instar larval tunnels that consume cambium, wood and bark—is ecologically convergent with Early Cretaceous bark-beetle borings 120 million-years later. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The NLRP3 inflammasome can sense different pathogens or danger signals, and has been reported to be involved in the development of many human diseases. Potassium efflux and mitochondrial damage are both reported to mediate NLRP3 inflammasome activation, but the underlying, orchestrating signaling events are still unclear. Here we show that chloride intracellular channels (CLIC) act downstream of the potassium efflux-mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) axis to promote NLRP3 inflammasome activation. NLRP3 agonists induce potassium efflux, which causes mitochondrial damage and ROS production. Mitochondrial ROS then induces the translocation of CLICs to the plasma membrane for the induction of chloride efflux to promote NEK7--NLRP3 interaction, inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 activation, and IL-1β secretion. Thus, our results identify CLICs-dependent chloride efflux as an essential and proximal upstream event for NLRP3 activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a method for analysis of stress and strain of gas pipelines under the effect of horizontal catastrophic landslides. A soil spring model was used to analyze the nonlinear characteristics concerning the mutual effects between the pipeline and the soil. The Ramberg-Osgood model was used to describe the constitutive relations of pipeline materials. This paper also constructed a finite element analysis model using ABAQUS finite element software and studied the distribution of the maximum stress and strain of the pipeline and the axial stress and strain along the pipeline by referencing some typical accident cases. The calculation results indicated that the maximum stress and strain increased gradually with the displacement of landslide. The limit values of pipeline axial stress strain appeared at the junction of the landslide area and non-landslide area. The stress failure criterion was relatively more conservative than the strain failure criterion. The research results of this paper may be used as a technical reference concerning the design and safety management of large-diameter gas pipelines under the effects of catastrophic landslides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]