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The present study was carried out to clarify the taxonomic position of Bacillus massiliigorillae and Bacillus sinesaloumensis. The 16S rRNA gene sequences extracted from the Bacillus sinesaloumensis Marseille-P3516T (FTOX00000000) and Bacillus massiliigorillae G2T (CAVL000000000) genomes showed 98.5 and 99.1% similarity with the type strains of Ferdinandcohnia humi and Peribacillus endoradicis, respectively. The amino acid identity (AAI) values of Bacillus sinesaloumensis Marseille-P3516T were higher with Ferdinandcohnia members, while Bacillus massiliigorillae G2T with Peribacillus members. In phylogenomic and phylogenetic trees, Bacillus sinesaloumensis Marseille-P3516T and Bacillus massiliigorillae G2T clade with members of the genera Ferdinandcohnia and Peribacillus, respectively. Based on the above results, we propose to transfer Bacillus massiliigorillae to the genus Peribacillus as Peribacillus massiliigorillae comb. nov., and Bacillus sinesaloumensis to the genus Ferdinandcohnia as Ferdinandcohnia sinesaloumensis comb. nov. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The taxonomic position of Bacillus alkalicola was evaluated using phylogenetic and genome-based comparisons. In phylogenetic (based on 16S rRNA gene sequence) and phylogenomic (based on concatenation of protein-marker genes) trees, Bacillus alkalicola clade with the members of the genus Evansella. The amino acid identity (AAI) values suggested to reclassify Bacillus alkalicola as a member of the genus Evansella. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) value between Bacillus alkalicola and the members of the genus Evansella was lower than the threshold values for bacterial species delineation. Based on the results, we propose to transfer Bacillus alkalicola to the genus Evansella as Evansella alkalicola comb. nov. The type strain is Zby6T (=CGMCC 1.10368T=JCM 17098T=NBRC 107743T). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel Bacillus strain, designated SYSU G01002T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from tepid spring in Tengchong, Yunnan province, south-west PR China. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain SYSU G01002T shared the highest sequence identity with the type strain of Bacillus alkalitolerans (97.7%). Strain SYSU G01002T grew at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), at 28–55 °C (optimum, 45 °C) and in the presence of 0–2.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum in the absence of NaCl). It contained meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the cell-wall diamino acid and MK-7 as isoprenoid quinone. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 and C16:0. The polar were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and unidentified phospholipid. The genomic DNA G + C content was 38.0 mol %. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between SYSU G01002T and closely related members of the genus Bacillus were below the cut-off level recommended for interspecies identity. Based on the above results, strain SYSU G01002T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus tepidiphilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain, SYSU G01002T (= KCTC 43131T = CGMCC 1.17491T). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Gram-staining positive, motile, rod-shaped and subterminal endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain SYSU K30005T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a karst cave in Libo county, Guizhou province, south-western China. Strain SYSU K30005T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Lysinibacillus fusiformis (98.6%) and Lysinibacillus sphaericus (98.2%). In phylogenetic tree, strain SYSU K30005T clade with the members of the genus Lysinibacillus. Based on the phylogenetic and 16S gene sequence result, strain SYSU K30005T was affiliated to the genus Lysinibacillus. The growth of SYSU K30005T was observed at 15–37 °C (optimum, 28 °C), pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0–4% (w/v) NaCl (optimum in 3.5% NaCl). Cell wall peptidoglycan type was A4α (Lys–Asp). The cell-wall sugars of SYSU K30005T were ribose, galactose and mannose and MK-7 was the only quinone. The fatty acids (> 5% of total fatty acids) were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0 and iso-C17:0. The polar lipids profile included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatideylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid. The genomic DNA G + C content was 37.2 mol%. The average nucleotide identity values between SYSU K30005T and its closest relatives were below the cut-off level (95–96%) for species delineation. The results support the conclusion that strain SYSU K30005T represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which we proposed the name Lysinibacillus cavernae sp. nov. The type strain is SYSU K30005T (= KCTC 43130T = CGMCC 1.17492T). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strain 16W4-4-3 T was isolated from the oil-well production water in Qinghai Oilfield, China. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive, facultatively anaerobic and motile by single polar flagellum. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of strain 16W4-4-3 T showed the highest similarities with Pseudomonas profundi M5T (98.8%), P. pelagia CL-AP6T (98.0%), P. salina XCD-X85T (97.7%), and P. sabulinigri J64T (97.5%). The phylogenetic trees based on multilocus sequence analyses with concatenating 16S rRNA, gyrB, rpoD and rpoB genes suggested that this strain should be affiliated to the genus Pseudomonas but remotely related from other species. In addition, whole genome analyses revealed that the digital DNA–DNA hybridization values and average nucleotide identities of strain 16W4-4-3 T against its close relatives were all below 28.8% and 86.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the isolate had totally different whole cell protein profile as compared to those of other species. Major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18:1ω7c and/or C18:1ω6c), C16:0, summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c) and C17:0cyclo. Major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone (Q-9), and major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. The DNA G + C content was 58.5 mol%. Therefore, phenotypic, phylogenetic, genomic, chemotaxonomic, and proteomic traits showed that the isolate represented a novel species of the genus Pseudomonas, the name Pseudomonas saliphila sp. nov. is proposed. Type strain is 16W4-4-3 T (= CGMCC 1.13350 T = KCTC 72619 T). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH oxidases can serve as signaling molecules to regulate a variety of physiological processes in multi-cellular organisms. In the nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora, we found that ROS were produced during conidial germination, hyphal extension, and trap formation in the presence of nematodes. Generation of an AoNoxA knockout strain demonstrated the crucial role of NADPH oxidase in the production of ROS in A. oligospora, with trap formation impaired in the AoNoxA mutant, even in the presence of the nematode host. In addition, the expression of virulence factor serine protease P186 was up-regulated in the wild-type strain, but not in the mutant strain, in the presence of Caenorhabditis elegans. These results indicate that ROS derived from AoNoxA are essential for full virulence of A. oligospora in nematodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turgor is very important for the invasive growth of fungal pathogens. Glycerol, a highly osmotic solvent, is considered to play an important role in turgor generation. The nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora mainly lives as a saprophyte. In the presence of nematodes, A. oligospora enters the parasitic stage by forming three-dimensional networks (traps) to capture nematodes. In A. oligospora, we found that glycerol accumulated during nematode-induced trap formation. We demonstrated that deleting gph1, which encodes glycogen phosphorylase, decreased the glycerol content, compared with that of a wild-type strain. Although the number of traps induced by nematodes was not affected in the Δ gph1 mutant, the capture rate was lower. Meanwhile, deleting gph1 also affected the growth rate and conidiation capacity of the fungus. These results indicate that glycerol derived from GPH1 is essential for the full virulence of A. oligospora against nematodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]