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This study aimed to construct a transboundary marine governance mechanism in the Kinmen-Xiamen waters through literature review, field survey, in-depth interview, and expert opinion survey. The study finds that monsoons, ocean currents, and tides are the main factors affecting the drift of marine debris in the Xiamen Sea area to the beaches of Kinmen. The marine debris mainly included marine plastic debris (MPD), bamboo, and wood in Kinmen and was documented impacting a variety of species, including the horseshoe crab to marine mammals the IndoPacific dolphin. In addition, the problem of marine micro-plastic pollution is becoming increasingly worrisome and hazardous to rare creatures in the Xiamen Sea area. The pollution sources of MPD in Xiamen Bay included coastal tourism activities, micro-plastic discharged from sewage treatment plants, plastic waste produced by lost and discarded marine aquaculture, and plastic drifting terrestrial waste transported from the Jiulong River Basin. Our results show that microplastic pollution in the Kinmen-Xiamen waters may have a greater impact on marine ecology and the surrounding environment. The relevant transboundary marine governance mechanisms are discussed in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between online communities operated by different enterprises, tacit knowledge and innovation performance. An attempt was also made to understand whether tacit knowledge plays a mediating role on the relationship between online communities and innovation performance. This study applied questionnaire survey, and 163 enterprises in Taiwan served as the sample. Analyses were conducted by confirmatory factor analysis, hierarchical regression and structural equation modeling. It was found that online communities of the enterprises had significant positive effect on the acquisition of tacit knowledge. Also, tacit knowledge had a significant positive effect on the innovation performance of enterprises. Tacit knowledge had a mediating effect on the relationship between online communities and innovation performance. This study not only proved that communication between online community members promote the acquisition of tacit knowledge, but also tested the mediating effect of tacit knowledge. Therefore, enterprises could be aware of the importance of tacit knowledge (share and apply from operating online communities) to innovation performance. Moreover, enterprises that attach importance to the interaction between online community members and the sharing of tacit knowledge were implicated in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to confirm the applicability of OTC (organizational trust content) in Chinese organizations via the OTI (organizational trust inventory) developed by Cummings and Bromiley (1996). This study explored the vertical and horizontal trust relationships that exist among supervisors, subordinates and colleagues of equal standing through focused interviews and questionnaires to recognize and assess OTC. The results showed that in situations with a high degree of OT (organizational trust), three dimensions coexist namely: 1) the ability to keep commitments, 2) the ability to negotiate honestly, and 3) the ability to NTEA (not taking excessive advantage). Each dimension includes three trust elements: cognition, affection, and intended behavior. Different measuring subjects have significantly different perceptions of OTC, with subordinate recognition being the most trustworthy. At the same time, the integrity performance of colleagues is the most recognized element. Though OTC is applicable in Chinese organizations, the degree of subordinate recognition and the ability to negotiate honestly between colleagues are affected by the "respectful superior and inferior subordinate" relationship and the hierarchical authority, which exist in Chinese culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents an ongoing project, emerging market (EM) evaluation project, of the Taiwan Institute of Economic Research (TIER). The purpose of this project is to construct a composite indicator (CI) named as growth potential index (GPI) for selecting the promising EMs, in which to begin new or expand existing business is attractive to governments, firms, and investors. However, weight determination is one of the most difficult tasks in the construction process of a CI. A new approach inspired by the Z score and rooted in data envelopment analysis (DEA) is proposed to objectively determine the common weights for constructing the GPI without requiring data normalisation beforehand. The same dataset is used to compare the proposed common weight approach with the equal weighting method (currently used by the TIER), the widely used DEA-CI model, and the first common weight DEA-CI model. Spearman’s rank correlation test revealed a high positive correlation between the GPIs obtained by the proposed approach and each considered method. The major findings include: (1) China is the most promising EM; (2) Argentina, China, Malaysia, Poland, and Russia are above-average EMs; (3) India, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, and Thailand are below-average EMs; and (4) of the so-called BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, and China), China is the best EM, and India is the worst EM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The original article has been corrected. The online version of the original article can be found at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01340-9 B Correction: Current Psychology (2021) b https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01340-9 The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. [Extracted from the article]

Human capital is a source of competitive advantage for organizations, in which education and training play important roles in the process of increasing the quality and quantity of human capital. Specifically, large-scale multinationals use systemized, structured methods to establish education and training systems. By studying the employees in a major food company in China, this paper is to investigate the influence of education and training on employees' work attitudes and the moderating effect of supervisors' attitudes. It is found that education and training have a positive influence on employees' work attitudes. Among the training courses, the training of managerial ability has the most significant influence, followed by self-development courses. In addition, supervisors' attitudes toward employees receiving managerial ability training, during and after the training, clearly have a positive moderating effect on employees' overall work attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]