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We studied the stability of plasma samples spiked with sulfur mustard (SM) and urine samples spiked with the SM metabolite, 1,1'-sulfonylbis[2-(methylsulfinyl)ethane] (SBMSE), upon long-term storage. The stability of biomarkers in biomedical samples was evaluated by measuring the concentrations of spiking chemicals during the storage at 4 and 30°C. Plasma samples were analyzed by GC–MS/MS for SM regenerated from protein adducts under the action of conc. HCl and by HPLC–HR-MS/MS for albumin adduct [S-HETE]-CPF. Urine was analyzed for intact SBMSE by HPLC–HR-MS/MS, and SBMSE reduced to 1,1'-sulfonylbis[2-(methylthio)ethane] was determined after its conversion with TiCl3 followed by GC–MS/MS measurements. A reference compound of SBMSE was synthesized and characterized in terms of authenticity and quantitative content. Procedures for the quantification of SM markers in biomedical samples in the concentration range 1–100 ng mL–1 were validated. The plasma samples were stable upon storage at 4 and 30°С for at least 41 days after spiking, whereas the urine samples proved to be unstable upon long-term storage at elevated temperatures. The results of the present study can be taken into account in selecting conditions for the transportation and storage of biosamples and for interpreting the results of the determination of the SM biomarker in samples from individuals affected in incidents related to exposure to sulfur mustard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Secondary metabolites were isolated from cultures of four geographically distant isolates of the cosmopolitan fungus, Bipolarissorokiniana for intense biological characterization. Analysis of extracts from their liquid and solid cultures with TLC and HPLC-MS showed high similarity of their composition despite on fungal origin. From the extracts of B. sorokiniana 14 metabolites (terpenes, quinones, xanthones etc.) were isolated using column chromatography and preparative HPLC; among them, 12 known substances were identified. Chloromonilinic acid B (CAB) showed the highest level phytotoxic activity on wheat leaves. The most of isolated compounds inhibited growth of Bacillussubtilis, of which methyl-8,3-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-chloroxanthon-1-carboxilate (MMC) demonstrated the strongest activity. Some metabolites of B. sorokiniana (CAB and MMC) were shown to have insecticidal activity against common cereal aphid. All the compounds were cytotoxic (especially, cochlioqionones and fusaroproliferin) when tested on Sf9 cell line. However, no one was acute toxic for infusoria. Evidently, the production of multiple bioactive compounds makes B. sorokiniana a strong competitor in different ecological niches and a dangerous contaminant of grain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]