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Objective: The present study evaluated the biological effects and biomineralization potential of a new tantalum oxide (Ta2O5)–containing material designed for vital pulp therapy or perforation repair (NeoMTA 2), compared to NeoMTA Plus and Bio-C Repair. Material and methods: Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were exposed to different eluates from NeoMTA Plus, NeoMTA 2, and Bio-C Repair. Ion release from each material was determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-MS). The biological experiments performed were MTT assays, apoptosis/necrosis assays, adhesion assays, migration assays, morphology evaluation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production analysis. Biomineralization was assessed by Alizarin red S staining. Finally, osteo/odontogenic gene expression was determined by real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test. Results: NeoMTA 2 displayed a significantly higher calcium release compared to the other materials (p < 0.05). When hDPSCs were cultured in presence of the different material eluates, all groups exhibited similar hDPSC viability and migration rates when compared to untreated cells. Substantial cell attachment and spreading were observed in all materials' surfaces, without significant differences. hDPSCs treated with NeoMTA 2 displayed an upregulation of ALP, Col1A1, RUNX2 (p < 0.001), ON, and DSPP genes (p < 0.05), and showed the highest mineralization potential compared to other groups (p < 0.001). Finally, the more concentrated eluates from these materials, specially NeoMTA Plus and NeoMTA 2, promoted higher ROS production in hDPSCs compared to Bio-C Repair and control cells (p < 0.001), although these ROS levels did not result in increased cell death. Conclusions: The new tantalum oxide (Ta2O5)–containing material shows an adequate cytocompatibility and the ability to promote biomineralization without using chemical osteogenic inducers, showing great potential as a new material for vital pulp therapy. Clinical relevance: NeoMTA 2 seems to be a promising material for vital pulp therapy. Further studies considering its biocompatibility and biomineralization potential are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the microstructural composition, ion release, cytocompatibility, and mineralization potential of Bio-C Sealer ION+ (BCI) and EndoSequence BC Sealer HiFlow (BCHiF), compared with AH Plus (AHP), in contact with human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). Materials and methods: The sealers' ionic composition and release were assessed using energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. For the biological assays, hPDLCs were isolated from third molars, and sealer extracts were prepared (undiluted, 1:2, and 1:4 ratios). An MTT assay, wound-healing assay, and cell morphology and adhesion analysis were performed. Activity-related gene expression was determined using RT-qPCR, and mineralization potential was assessed using Alizarin Red staining (ARS). Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (α < 0.05). Results: The three sealers exhibited variable levels of silicon, calcium, zirconium, and tungsten release and in their composition. Both BCI and BCHiF groups showed positive results in cytocompatibility assays, unlike AHP. The BCHiF group showed an upregulation of CAP (p < 0.01), CEMP1, ALP, and RUNX2 (p < 0.001) compared with the negative control, while the BCI group showed an upregulation of CEMP1 (p < 0.01), CAP, and RUNX2 (p < 0.001). Both groups also exhibited a greater mineralization potential than the negative and positive controls (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The calcium silicate–based sealers considered in the present in vitro study exhibited a high calcium ion release, adequate cytocompatibility, upregulated osteo/cementogenic gene expression, and increased mineralized nodule formation in contact with hPDLCs. Clinical relevance: From a biological perspective, BCI and BCHiF could be clinically suitable for root canal filling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Compositional modifications may alter the biological and physicochemical characteristics of calcium silicate-based sealers (CSBS) and, ultimately, their bioactivity. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the biological properties of three CSBS: EndoSequence BC Sealer, Ceraseal, and Endoseal mineral trioxide aggregate. Materials and methods: Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) were exposed to several eluates of CSBS. The ion release profile and pH were determined, and metabolic activity and cell migration were assessed using the MTT and wound healing assays. hPDLSCs were cultured in direct contact with the surface of each material, and cell morphology and attachment were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Bioactivity potential was assessed by RT-qPCR and mineralization assays. Statistical differences between biomaterials were assessed using one- or two-way ANOVA (α < 0.05). Results: All materials showed an alkaline pH, although Endoseal exhibited a significantly higher pH compared with the other CSBS (p < 0.05). Ceraseal released significantly more Ca2+ (p < 0.05) than EndoSequence BC Sealer and Endoseal. Interestingly, Endoseal induced a significant reduction in cell viability and cell migration compared with the control (p < 0.001). Moreover, SEM showed abundant cells adhering to EndoSequence BC Sealer and Ceraseal surfaces, whereas very few round cells were detected on the surface of Endoseal. Finally, Ceraseal and EndoSequence induced ALP, CAP, and CEMP-1 expression and a significantly higher mineralization capacity than Endoseal (***p < 0.001). Conclusions: The eluates from EndoSequence BC Sealer and Ceraseal displayed higher cell viability, cell attachment, cell migration rates, and ion release rates than Endoseal. Ceraseal and EndoSequence BC Sealer exhibited significantly more gene expression and mineralization capacity than Endoseal. Clinical relevance: The results obtained in the present work suggest that EndoSequence BC Sealer and Ceraseal possess biological properties that make them suitable materials for root canal treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility of Theracal PT, Theracal LC, and MTA Angelus, considered as bioactive materials used for vital pulp treatment, on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were isolated from third molars, and material eluates were prepared (undiluted, 1:2, and 1:4 ratios). The hDPSC cytotoxicity, adhesion, morphology, viability, and cell migration were assessed. The mineralization nodule formation was determined by Alizarin red S staining (ARS). The odonto/osteogenic differentiation potential was assessed by osteo/odontogenic marker expression real-time qPCR. The chemical composition and ion release of the vital pulp materials were determined by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. Statistical differences were assessed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05).The three vital pulp materials showed variable levels of calcium, tungsten, silicon, and zirconium release and in their chemical composition. Cytocompatibility assays revealed higher hDPSC viability and migration rates when treated with Theracal PT than with Theracal LC. The lowest cell adhesion and spreading were observed in all Theracal LC-treated groups, whereas the highest were observed when treated with MTA. Theracal PT and MTA promoted the upregulation of DSPP and RUNX2 gene expression (p < 0.05). After 21 days, both MTA Angelus and Theracal PT–treated cells exhibited a significantly higher mineralized nodule formation than the negative control (p < 0.05).This study demonstrates the favorable in vitro cytocompatibility and bioactive properties of the recently introduced Theracal PT and the well-established MTA Angelus on hDPSCs, as opposed to Theracal LC. More studies, including in vivo animal testing are suggested before these new formulations might be used in the clinical setting.Theracal PT is a new material that could be clinically suitable for vital pulp therapy. Further studies considering its biocompatibility and bioactivity are necessary.Materials and methods: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility of Theracal PT, Theracal LC, and MTA Angelus, considered as bioactive materials used for vital pulp treatment, on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were isolated from third molars, and material eluates were prepared (undiluted, 1:2, and 1:4 ratios). The hDPSC cytotoxicity, adhesion, morphology, viability, and cell migration were assessed. The mineralization nodule formation was determined by Alizarin red S staining (ARS). The odonto/osteogenic differentiation potential was assessed by osteo/odontogenic marker expression real-time qPCR. The chemical composition and ion release of the vital pulp materials were determined by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. Statistical differences were assessed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05).The three vital pulp materials showed variable levels of calcium, tungsten, silicon, and zirconium release and in their chemical composition. Cytocompatibility assays revealed higher hDPSC viability and migration rates when treated with Theracal PT than with Theracal LC. The lowest cell adhesion and spreading were observed in all Theracal LC-treated groups, whereas the highest were observed when treated with MTA. Theracal PT and MTA promoted the upregulation of DSPP and RUNX2 gene expression (p < 0.05). After 21 days, both MTA Angelus and Theracal PT–treated cells exhibited a significantly higher mineralized nodule formation than the negative control (p < 0.05).This study demonstrates the favorable in vitro cytocompatibility and bioactive properties of the recently introduced Theracal PT and the well-established MTA Angelus on hDPSCs, as opposed to Theracal LC. More studies, including in vivo animal testing are suggested before these new formulations might be used in the clinical setting.Theracal PT is a new material that could be clinically suitable for vital pulp therapy. Further studies considering its biocompatibility and bioactivity are necessary.Results: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility of Theracal PT, Theracal LC, and MTA Angelus, considered as bioactive materials used for vital pulp treatment, on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were isolated from third molars, and material eluates were prepared (undiluted, 1:2, and 1:4 ratios). The hDPSC cytotoxicity, adhesion, morphology, viability, and cell migration were assessed. The mineralization nodule formation was determined by Alizarin red S staining (ARS). The odonto/osteogenic differentiation potential was assessed by osteo/odontogenic marker expression real-time qPCR. The chemical composition and ion release of the vital pulp materials were determined by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. Statistical differences were assessed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05).The three vital pulp materials showed variable levels of calcium, tungsten, silicon, and zirconium release and in their chemical composition. Cytocompatibility assays revealed higher hDPSC viability and migration rates when treated with Theracal PT than with Theracal LC. The lowest cell adhesion and spreading were observed in all Theracal LC-treated groups, whereas the highest were observed when treated with MTA. Theracal PT and MTA promoted the upregulation of DSPP and RUNX2 gene expression (p < 0.05). After 21 days, both MTA Angelus and Theracal PT–treated cells exhibited a significantly higher mineralized nodule formation than the negative control (p < 0.05).This study demonstrates the favorable in vitro cytocompatibility and bioactive properties of the recently introduced Theracal PT and the well-established MTA Angelus on hDPSCs, as opposed to Theracal LC. More studies, including in vivo animal testing are suggested before these new formulations might be used in the clinical setting.Theracal PT is a new material that could be clinically suitable for vital pulp therapy. Further studies considering its biocompatibility and bioactivity are necessary.Conclusions: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility of Theracal PT, Theracal LC, and MTA Angelus, considered as bioactive materials used for vital pulp treatment, on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were isolated from third molars, and material eluates were prepared (undiluted, 1:2, and 1:4 ratios). The hDPSC cytotoxicity, adhesion, morphology, viability, and cell migration were assessed. The mineralization nodule formation was determined by Alizarin red S staining (ARS). The odonto/osteogenic differentiation potential was assessed by osteo/odontogenic marker expression real-time qPCR. The chemical composition and ion release of the vital pulp materials were determined by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. Statistical differences were assessed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05).The three vital pulp materials showed variable levels of calcium, tungsten, silicon, and zirconium release and in their chemical composition. Cytocompatibility assays revealed higher hDPSC viability and migration rates when treated with Theracal PT than with Theracal LC. The lowest cell adhesion and spreading were observed in all Theracal LC-treated groups, whereas the highest were observed when treated with MTA. Theracal PT and MTA promoted the upregulation of DSPP and RUNX2 gene expression (p < 0.05). After 21 days, both MTA Angelus and Theracal PT–treated cells exhibited a significantly higher mineralized nodule formation than the negative control (p < 0.05).This study demonstrates the favorable in vitro cytocompatibility and bioactive properties of the recently introduced Theracal PT and the well-established MTA Angelus on hDPSCs, as opposed to Theracal LC. More studies, including in vivo animal testing are suggested before these new formulations might be used in the clinical setting.Theracal PT is a new material that could be clinically suitable for vital pulp therapy. Further studies considering its biocompatibility and bioactivity are necessary.Clinical relevance: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility of Theracal PT, Theracal LC, and MTA Angelus, considered as bioactive materials used for vital pulp treatment, on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were isolated from third molars, and material eluates were prepared (undiluted, 1:2, and 1:4 ratios). The hDPSC cytotoxicity, adhesion, morphology, viability, and cell migration were assessed. The mineralization nodule formation was determined by Alizarin red S staining (ARS). The odonto/osteogenic differentiation potential was assessed by osteo/odontogenic marker expression real-time qPCR. The chemical composition and ion release of the vital pulp materials were determined by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. Statistical differences were assessed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05).The three vital pulp materials showed variable levels of calcium, tungsten, silicon, and zirconium release and in their chemical composition. Cytocompatibility assays revealed higher hDPSC viability and migration rates when treated with Theracal PT than with Theracal LC. The lowest cell adhesion and spreading were observed in all Theracal LC-treated groups, whereas the highest were observed when treated with MTA. Theracal PT and MTA promoted the upregulation of DSPP and RUNX2 gene expression (p < 0.05). After 21 days, both MTA Angelus and Theracal PT–treated cells exhibited a significantly higher mineralized nodule formation than the negative control (p < 0.05).This study demonstrates the favorable in vitro cytocompatibility and bioactive properties of the recently introduced Theracal PT and the well-established MTA Angelus on hDPSCs, as opposed to Theracal LC. More studies, including in vivo animal testing are suggested before these new formulations might be used in the clinical setting.Theracal PT is a new material that could be clinically suitable for vital pulp therapy. Further studies considering its biocompatibility and bioactivity are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]