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Tsunami vertical evacuation (TVE) buildings have the potential to save many human lives in countries exposed to near-field tsunamis. Up to now, TVE research has examined three main topics separately: shelter siting, building benchmarks, and decision-making by evacuees. This study aims to integrate these topics to develop more comprehensive TVE planning frameworks. To this, we examined a catastrophic tsunami evacuation scenario in Viña del Mar, Chile. First, we developed an agent-based model to estimate potential human fatalities in the case of a fully horizontal evacuation. Second, we designed an immersive VR experience, which we applied to a sample of 151 people in the city to collect their potential TVE decision-making, which allowed us to identify 11 buildings that could serve as TVE shelters. Lastly, we incorporated this new evacuation system into the former agent-based model to assess the potential impact of vertical evacuation. Our findings showed that while fatalities ranged from 50 to 72% of the population in the fully horizontal scenario, the inclusion of TVE buildings might decrease human losses by 6.5–13.7%. Complementary questionnaires administered to participants highlighted their lack of previous experience in real-world evacuations (only 45.69% had previously experienced a tsunami-related evacuation process), as well as their knowledge about how to proceed in the case of a future emergency (62.91% declared that they knew where to go during an evacuation). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Bone and joint infections, complicated by the burgeoning challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), pose significant public health threats by amplifying the disease burden globally. We leveraged results from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) to explore the impact of AMR attributed to bone and joint infections in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), elucidating the contemporary status and temporal trends. Methods: Utilizing GBD 2019 data, we summarized the burden of bone and joint infections attributed to AMR across 195 countries and territories in the 30 years from 1990 to 2019. We review the epidemiology of AMR in terms of age-standardized rates, the estimated DALYs, comprising years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs), as well as associations between DALYs and socio-demographic indices. Results: The GBD revealed that DALYs attributed to bone and joint infections associated with AMR have risen discernibly between 1990 and 2019 globally. Significant geographical disparities and a positive correlation with socio-demographic indicators were observed. Staphylococcus aureus infections, Group A Streptococcus, Group B Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter-related bone and joint infections were associated with the highest DALYs because of a high proportion of antimicrobial resistance. Countries with limited access to healthcare, suboptimal sanitary conditions, and inconsistent antibiotic stewardship were markedly impacted. Conclusions: The GBD underscores the escalating burden of bone and joint infections exacerbated by AMR, necessitating urgent, multi-faceted interventions. Strategies to mitigate the progression and impact of AMR should emphasize prudent antimicrobial usage and robust infection prevention and control measures, coupled with advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have shown that at least a of intraoral eosinophilic ulcer is best classified as a CD30 + T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD), with histopathology reminiscent of lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) of the skin. Microscopically, a mixed population of inflammatory cells, often including eosinophils and varying numbers of atypical lymphoid cells, frequently expressing CD30, is typical for LyP, whose clinicopathological spectrum includes type A, B, C, D, E, and LyP with DUSP22/IRF4 rearrangement. To date, about 27 intraoral LyP cases have been reported. Of them, 7 cases were diagnosed as LyP type C, which is frequently confused with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) on histopathology. Methods: A 60-year-old male was referred for a one-month history of a tongue ulcer. Results: Microscopy showed numerous subepithelial atypical large lymphoid cells, which expressed CD4 (with partial loss of CD3, CD5, and CD7), CD8 (few cells), CD30 (about 50%, in non-diffuse pattern with size variability), TIA-1, and Ki-67 (85%), without staining for CD56, ALK, LMP1, and EBER1/2, concerning for a diagnosis of ALCL. However, after three weeks, the lesion completely healed. Conclusion: We present here a rare case of intraoral CD30+ T-cell LPD that we believe is the oral counterpart of cutaneous LyP type C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To examine the association of the single nucleotide polymorphism A1470T in the SLC16A1 gene with blood lactate accumulation during a graded exercise test and its associated metaboreflex. Methods: Forty-six Latin-American men (Age: 27 ± 6 years; Body fat: 17.5 ± 4.7%) performed a graded exercise test on a treadmill for the assessment of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), lactate threshold (LT), ventilatory threshold (VT) and the exercise intensity corresponding to maximal fat oxidation rate (FATmax), via capillary blood samples and indirect calorimetry. Genomic DNA was extracted from a peripheral blood sample. Genotyping assay was carried out by real-time polymerase chain reaction to identify the A1470T polymorphism (rs1049434). Results: Genotypes distribution were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (X2 = 5.6, p > 0.05), observing allele frequencies of 0.47 and 0.53 for the A and T alleles, respectively. No difference in VO2max, body composition nor FATmax were observed across genotypes, whereas carriers of the TT genotype showed a higher LT (24.5 ± 2.2 vs. 15.6 ± 1.7 mL kg−1 min−1, p < 0.01) and VT in comparison to carriers of the AA + AT genotypes (32.5 ± 3.3 vs. 21.7 ± 1.5 mL kg−1 min−1, p < 0.01). Both, VO2max and the A1470T polymorphism were positively associated to the LT (R2 = 0.50, p < 0.01) and VT (R2 = 0.55, p < 0.01). Only VO2max was associated to FATmax (R2 = 0.39, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Independently of cardiorespiratory fitness, the A1470T polymorphism is associated to blood lactate accumulation and its associated ventilatory response during submaximal intensity exercise. However, the A1470 polymorphism does not influence fat oxidation capacity during exercise in young men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The dermal matrices (DM) represent a crucial advancement in plastic and reconstructive surgery by improving functional and aesthetic outcomes in skin healing. Despite their benefits, their high cost restricts their usage. The main aim of this study was to compare the functional and aesthetic outcomes between skin autografts combined with a glycerolized acellular dermal matrix and solely skin autografts. Methods: A prospective cohort study is presented wherein 65 areas of 30 burn patients were included, distributed into two groups. The first group involved areas exposed to the use of glycerolized acellular dermal matrix (GADM) produced in a tissue bank with autografts in the same surgical time. The second group consisted of areas with sole skin autografts. A 6-month follow-up was conducted to compare functional and aesthetic outcomes. Results: The comparative statistical analysis demonstrates, with a significant level of evidence (p > 0.05), that the group exposed to the use of the dermal matrix produced in a tissue bank presents better scar healing parameters compared to the control group, considering the results of the Vancouver Scar Scale as the main outcome variable. This was evidenced in all follow-up assessments up to month 6. Conclusions: Further study in dermal matrices is warranted due to the wide range of expensive options available. Results align with previous literature, favoring the use of such tissue based on objective variables and expert evaluation, despite potential bias. The use of this type of matrix shows encouraging results in improving scar healing in burn patients, without increasing graft intake time or complications. This represents the first comparative study in Latin America, demonstrating a matrix of lower cost compared to those available in the market. Level of evidence: Level III, Therapeutic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Actinomycosis is an uncommon, subacute to chronic, suppurative bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces Israelii. About 3% of all actinomycosis cases occur in the tongue, often affecting adult patients (mean age, 50 years). The clinical characteristics of actinomycosis can resemble malignant or benign tumors, and other infectious diseases. A 56-year-old woman was referred presenting an ulcerated lesion on the tongue 1 year ago. Intraoral examination revealed an edematous nodular lesion with an ulcerated surface, slightly symptomatic, on the midline dorsum of posterior tongue, suggesting nodular median rhomboid glossitis. Cytology smear was negative for fungus. After excisional biopsy, histopathological examination showed a chronic inflammatory infiltrate supported by a fibrovascular connective tissue stroma, and at the deepest part, broad basophilic areas surrounded by neutrophils, containing numerous filamentous bacilli, which were highlighted by Gram and Groccott-Gomori staining. The final diagnosis was lingual actinomycosis. Oral amoxicillin treatment (8/8 h for 2 weeks) was started, and after 1-month complete resolution was observed. Lingual actinomycosis is a rare lesion that must be recognized by dentists, because its early diagnosis and correct treatment reduce the possibility of a clinical complication that compromises the patient's quality of life. Noteworthy, when located on the midline dorsum of posterior tongue, actinomycosis can simulate nodular median rhomboid glossitis, expanding its spectrum of clinical differential diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Granular cell tumor (GCT) is an uncommon benign neoplasm derived from Schwann cells, frequently affecting the oral cavity, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. On microscopy, pseudocarcinomatous squamous hyperplasia (PSH) and perineural involvement are potential diagnostic pitfalls. GCT should be differentiated from non-neural GCT (NN-GCT). A 13-year-old male patient was referred presenting a nodular lesion on the upper lip several months ago. After excisional biopsy, microscopy revealed GCT without PSH but presenting multifocal perineural involvement. By immunohistochemistry, ALK was negative, whereas Rb and INI1 expression was intact. Moreover, with few intraoral NN-GCTs being assessed, recent studies suggest that acquired dermal NN-GCT subgroup seems to correspond to ALK-rearranged variants of epithelioid fibrous histiocytoma. Accordingly, further research on this topic is strongly encouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pseudocarcinomatous squamous hyperplasia (PSH) affecting the jaws is uncommon. The mandible is the most common location, usually as a complication associated with osteomyelitis, medication-related osteonecrosis or osteoradionecrosis. Herein, we report an 8-year-old male patient presenting a solid ameloblastoma, plexiform type, who was treated by segmental mandibulectomy with bone grafting. Three months later, on the underlying graft, a sinus tract was observed, and a small bone fragment was resected which was diagnosed as bone sequestration associated with PSH. After 7-year follow-up, the patient is well, without alterations. To our knowledge, for the first time, we report in detail the immunohistochemical features of PSH which, in addition to epithelial component profile and chronic inflammatory cells, revealed a diffuse infiltration by dendritic cells, suggesting that epithelial cell-immune cell interactions in PSH pathogenesis should also be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an inflammatory myeloid neoplasia that often affects children, presenting a broad clinical spectrum. Methods: Here, we report a 13-year-old male Salvadorian patient who was referred presenting a nodular swelling at the mandibular angle region, mildly symptomatic, few weeks ago, which relevantly was associated with limited mouth opening. Intraoral examination was unremarkable. Imaginological exams revealed an osteolytic lesion affecting the vestibular cortex at the right mandibular angle. The blood test results were normal, except for eosinophilia (21%; absolute eosinophil count 4 × 109/L). After an incisional biopsy, microscopical and immunohistochemical analyses were consistent with LCH diagnosis, which corresponded to a single system-single site category. After a few weeks, the mandibular movements were re-established, and complete resolution of blood eosinophilia was observed. Conclusion: LCH with blood eosinophilia is rarely reported. To our knowledge, 3 cases have been previously published. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Necrotizing sialometaplasia (NS) is a rare, self-limiting, necrotizing inflammatory lesion, often involving the minor salivary glands of the palate. NS occurs often in men (60%) older than 45 years. Commonly, it presents as an ulcerative lesion, measuring 1 to 3 cm in diameter, with an evolution time of a few weeks or days, simulating malignancy. However, in some instances, the mucosal surface is intact, thus emphasizing the importance of considering NS in the differential diagnosis of oral ulcerative and non-ulcerative lesions. To date, 12 cases of non-ulcerated NS in the palate have been reported. Here, we report a 50-year-old male patient who presented a non-ulcerated, asymptomatic, nodular swelling 3 months ago, located on the hard palate, clinically suggesting salivary gland tumor or lymphoproliferative disorder. After biopsy, a diagnosis of non-ulcerated NS was established. After 4 weeks, the lesion evolved with complete resolution. After literature review, notably, unlike ulcerated NS, the non-ulcerated NS affected patients a decade younger (33 years vs. 45 years), with marked female predilection (83% vs. 40%) and not uncommon bilateral presentation (33% vs. 10%). NS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ulcerative and non-ulcerative lesions affecting the palate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Surface osteosarcomas represent around 3-6% of all osteosarcomas, which include the parosteal (low-grade), periosteal (intermediate-grade) and high-grade surface osteosarcomas. The classical location is the femur, followed by tibia and humerus. Parosteal osteosarcoma is the most common type of surface osteosarcoma. To date, 26 cases of parosteal osteosarcoma affecting the jaws have been reported, with most cases following an evolution time of several months to years, clinically favoring a benign osseous or fibro-osseous lesion. Methods: Here, we report a 39-year-old female who was referred presenting a maxillary tumoral mass 5 years ago, clinically diagnosed as osteoma. After clinical, imaginological and histopathological analysis, a diagnosis of parosteal osteosarcoma was made. Conclusion: Thus, parosteal osteosarcoma should also be considered in the differential diagnosis of benign-appearance, bone-forming nodular lesions affecting the jaws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To assess the influence of estrogen deficiency on tooth eruption rate (TER) and gene expression of estrogen receptor alpha and beta (ERα and ERβ) in the odontogenic region of teeth with continuous formation in a rat model. Materials and methods: Ovariectomies (OVX; n = 25) and sham surgeries (SHAM; n = 25) were performed in female Wistar rats when animals were 25 days old. The TER of the lower incisors, both in impeded (hyperfunction condition) and unimpeded (trimmed incisal edge—hypofunction condition) conditions, was evaluated using standardized digital photographs acquired every 48–72 h for 3 weeks (35th–53rd day of life), using a camera coupled to a stereomicroscope. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to evaluate the relative gene expression of ERα and ERβ in the odontogenic region. Results: The OVX group showed a significant reduction in TER when compared to the SHAM group, only in the impeded condition (p = 0.03). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in ERα gene expression (p = 0.33). ERβ showed a significantly higher gene expression in the OVX group (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Estrogen deficiency decreases TER in teeth under impeded condition. Estrogen deficiency also increases ERβ gene expression in the odontogenic region of teeth with continuous formation. Clinical relevance: Hormonal disturbances affecting estrogen levels can cause alterations in dental formation and teeth eruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focal lymphocytic sialadenitis (FLS), an important diagnostic criterion for Sjögren's syndrome (SS) diagnosis, can also be observed when assessing minor salivary gland (mSG) biopsies from healthy asymptomatic individuals (non-SS patients). Fifty cases of primary SS (pSS group) and 31 cases of oral reactive lesions (non-SS non-sicca group) containing also typical FLS features, were assessed by morphological and immunohistochemical (CD10, CD23 and Bcl-6) analysis, aiming at the detection of GCs. All pSS cases showed FLS with focus score (FS) ≥ 1. In the non-SS non-sicca group, 12, 10 and 9 cases showed FLS with FS ≥ 1, FLS with FS < 1 and FLS associated with chronic sclerosing sialadenitis with FS < 1, respectively. The morphological analysis revealed similar frequency of GCs in pSS (20%) and non-SS non-sicca group (19%). The area (p = 0.052) and largest diameter (p = 0.245) of GCs were higher in pSS than non-SS non-sicca group. The FS and number of foci were significantly higher in pSS than non-SS non-sicca group with FS < 1. Immunohistochemistry confirmed all morphological findings (GCs showing CD23 and Bcl-6 positivity, with variable CD10 expression) and additionally in 3 and 1 cases of the pSS and non-SS non-sicca group, respectively. Moreover, another 6 and 2 cases of the pSS and non-SS non-sicca group with FS ≥ 1, respectively, showed positivity only for CD23. FLS can also be observed when assessing oral reactive lesions, which showed similar frequency of GCs with those found in pSS patients. Further studies, including functional analysis of lymphocytic populations and GCs in FLS, are encouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia (LJSGH) mainly affects the maxillary vestibular attached gingiva of juvenile patients, without sex predilection. Similar lesions involving extragingival sites have not been reported to date. Here, we report 2 cases of extragingival soft tissue lesions with similar clinicopathological features to those reported in LJSGH and 12 cases of intraoral reactive soft tissue lesions microscopically showing LJSGH-like focal areas. The 2 cases were adult patients, affecting the maxillary alveolar ridge (55-year-old female) and hard palate (78-year-old male), which were diagnosed as "spongiotic hyperplasia of the oral mucosa." The 12 intraoral reactive soft tissue lesions (6 men and 6 women; mean age, 49.5 years) were diagnosed as inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (n = 6), peripheral ossifying fibroma (n = 3), and pyogenic granuloma (n = 3), each of them presenting LJSGH-like focal areas. By immunohistochemistry, the spongiotic hyperplasia areas showed positivity for CK19, CK14, CK34βE12, and CAM5.2 (weak/focal), while CK4 was negative. Considering the anatomical locations (extragingival) of these 2 cases, the term "spongiotic hyperplasia of the oral mucosa" is suggested. Moreover, LJSGH-like focal areas can be detected when microscopically assessing common intraoral reactive soft tissue lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we study a numerical scheme for stochastic differential equations driven by fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter H ∈ 1 / 4 , 1 / 2 . Toward this end, we apply Doss–Sussmann representation of the solution and an approximation of this representation using a first-order Taylor expansion. The obtained rate of convergence is n - 2 H + ρ , for ρ small enough. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific community is exploiting the use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in nanomedicine and other AgNPs combination like with biomaterials to reduce microbial contamination. In the field of nanomedicine and biomaterials, AgNPs are used as an antimicrobial agent. One of the most effective approaches for the production of AgNPs is green synthesis. Lysiloma acapulcensis (L. acapulcensis) is a perennial tree used in traditional medicine in Mexico. This tree contains abundant antimicrobial compounds. In the context of antimicrobial activity, the use of L. acapulcensis extracts can reduce silver to AgNPs and enhance its antimicrobial activity. In this work, we demonstrate such antimicrobial activity effect employing green synthesized AgNPs with L. acapulcensis. The FTIR and LC–MS results showed the presence of chemical groups that could act as either (i) reducing agents stabilizing the AgNPs or (ii) antimicrobial capping agents enhancing antimicrobial properties of AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs with L. acapulcensis were crystalline with a spherical and quasi-spherical shape with diameters from 1.2 to 62 nm with an average size diameter of 5 nm. The disk diffusion method shows the magnitude of the susceptibility over four pathogenic microorganisms of clinical interest. The antimicrobial potency obtained was as follows: E. coli ≥ S. aureus ≥ P. aeruginosa > C. albicans. The results showed that green synthesized (biogenic) AgNPs possess higher antimicrobial potency than chemically produced AgNPs. The obtained results confirm a more significant antimicrobial effect of the biogenic AgNPs maintaining low-cytotoxicity than the AgNPs produced chemically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the short-time behavior of the implied volatility for short-time floating strike Asian options. Our method is based on Malliavin calculus techniques and allows us to construct an approximation formula for the corresponding option prices. Numerical examples are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Epidermoid cysts (ECs) are rare and occur in the head and neck regions with an incidence from 1.6 to 7% of all cysts. In the oral cavity, approximately 80 ECs have been reported, representing less than 0.01% of all cysts. Case report: We report a case of a 26-year-old man who developed a large EC in the midline floor of the mouth causing nodular swelling in the submental region and speech and swallowing difficulties. The lesion was surgically excised by intraoral approach and microscopically revealed an EC associated with extensive elastofibromatous changes in the cystic capsule. Conclusion: Oral EC with extensive elastofibromatous changes is a finding extremely rare. The meaning of this finding is unknown, but a traumatic origin or deposit disorder of elastic fibers is suggested. To the best of our knowledge, intraoral EC with elastofibromatous changes has not been reported to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salivary adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified (AdCaNOS) is a rare malignant tumor with potential diagnostic challenge, which mainly affects the parotid glands; however, the minor salivary glands can also be involved by AdCaNOS. This paper reports a case of a 45-year-old Afro-descendant woman complaining of a slow-growing mass with 6 months of evolution in the left superior vestibular fornix. Microscopic examination revealed an infiltrative epithelial neoplasm composed of predominantly solid growth pattern, arranged in a lobular configuration, admixed with glandular or ductal structures. Perineural invasion was evident. The tumor cells were polygonal or oval showing focally mild nuclear pleomorphism, and eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm. Notably, some areas exhibited intracytoplasmic pigment granules mainly in non-luminal cells, as well as sebaceous-like cells, discrete hyaline material deposition and foci of infiltration of residual salivary gland parenchyma. Tumor cells were negative for PAS, mucicarmine and Alcian blue stains. By immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells were diffuse and strongly positive for pan-cytokeratin (CK) AE1/AE3, 34betaE12 CK, vimentin, p63 and S100. CK7 and EMA strongly highlighted the ductal structures. Solid areas also showed diffuse and moderate expression of CD56. Podoplanin (D2-40), GFAP and Calponin, followed by DOG-1, were focally positive; whereas CK20, α-SMA, h-Caldesmon, CD57, ERBB2/HER2 and p53 were negative. Ki-67 was < 2%. Consecutive serial tissue sections using CD57 confirmed the perineural invasion. Positivity for HMB-45 and MART-1/Melan-A, as well as Fontana-Masson stain (and potassium permanganate bleaching-sensitive), identified the pigment granules as melanin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of intraoral low-grade AdCaNOS with intracytoplasmic melanin granules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypophosphatemic rickets is a rare genetic disorder involving the regulation of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), a phosphaturic agent, clinically showing bowing of the legs, short stature and dentoalveolar abscesses. A 7-year-old boy, with previous hypochondroplasia diagnosis, was referred to our pediatric dentistry clinic presenting short stature, bone deformities and sinus tracts at deciduous teeth apex levels not related with trauma, restorations or dental caries. After deciduous teeth extraction, due to root resorption and mobility, light microscopy exhibited typical hypophosphatemic dentin, and micro-computed tomography revealed tubular clefts and porosities throughout the teeth. Laboratory tests confirmed the HR diagnosis, after which the treatment was initiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple salivary gland tumors (MSGTs) are most common in the major than minor salivary glands. The most MSGTs are synchronous, either benign or malignant. A 61-year-old woman was referred presenting nine submucosal nodules, firm to fluctuant, being five nodules on the right side and four nodules on the left side of the upper lip. An incisional biopsy was performed. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed in 5-µm sections for histopathologic analysis. Immunohistochemical reactions were carried out in 3-µm sections in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. The histopathological analysis showed focal area containing low-grade polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) and multiple canalicular adenomas (CAs). Immunohistochemical analysis for each lesion was carefully investigated. Here, we present an unusual case of synchronous PAC and multiple CAs of the minor salivary glands, affecting the upper lip, which appears to be the first case showing PAC and CA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellular neurothekeomas (CNs) are distinctive benign tumors of uncertain histogenesis, with predilection for the skin of the head and neck region. We describe the first case of multiple desmoplastic CNs (DCNs) affecting the oral cavity in a 9-year-old girl. Histopathologic evaluation showed a proliferation of spindle and epithelioid cells, forming nests and bundles, supported by exuberant fibrous stroma, as well as scattered multinucleated floret-like giant cells. The tumor cells were immunopositive for vimentin, CD63, CD56, whereas AE1/AE3, S100, CD34, α-SMA, GFAP, EMA, CD57 and NSE were negative. Ki-67 was <2%. Multiple DCNs should be considered in the differential diagnosis of oral nodular lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case of oral leishmaniasis without cutaneous involvement affecting the upper alveolar ridge mucosa/gingiva and the hard palate is reported in a 41-year-old Brazilian man. Microscopic examination disclosed scarce amastigotes and the definitive diagnosis was facilitated by immunohistochemical analysis. The clinical presentation of this lesion is unusual and underlies the importance of considering leishmaniasis in the differential diagnosis of oral lesions, especially in endemic areas. A literature review of the cases of mucosal leishmaniasis with exclusive primary lesions of the oral mucosa was also performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we study some stability criteria for some semilinear integral equations with a function as initial condition and with additive noise, which is a Young integral that could be a functional of fractional Brownian motion. Namely, we consider stability in the mean, asymptotic stability, stability, global stability, and Mittag-Leffler stability. To do so, we use comparison results for fractional equations and an equation (in terms of Mittag-Leffler functions) whose family of solutions includes those of the underlying equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study is to measure corneal and conjunctival sensitivity in patients under glaucoma topical treatment as compared to a control group. It is a case-control study. Corneal and conjunctival esthesiometry were carried out through a Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer. We took healthy individuals as controls, who did not use any type of ophthalmic topical medications and without history of ocular surface pathology or irritation. The study group was subdivided per number of applications (1, 2, and 3 or more applications). From a total 182 eyes from 91 patients, of which 26 (28.57 %) were controls and 65 (71.43 %) were in the study group, a mean corneal sensitivity of 58.98 ± 2.25 mm was found in the control group and 52.97 ± 6.41 mm in patients using topical medication. Mean conjunctival sensitivity was 18.80 ± 5.40 mm in the control group and 11.76 ± 5.45 mm in the study group. There was no statistically significant difference among groups when separated by 1, 2, and 3 or more applications. Eyes under use of timolol-containing medications showed lower sensitivity values as compared to other topical antiglaucoma medications. Corneal and conjunctival sensitivities are diminished in patients with chronic use of topical hypotensive medications and these results can explain the lack of correlation between signs and symptoms that is typically found in patients treated for glaucoma or ocular hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) has become a standard procedure for the diagnosis, staging, and restaging in lymphoma patients. However, a relative high rate of false-positive results has been reported. We report a case of a 40-year-old man with a previous history of a nodal follicular lymphoma, stage IVA, treated with R-CHOP, which showed strong F-FDG uptake in the Waldeyer's tonsillar ring during his follow-up, being considered highly suspicious of relapsed lymphoma. A surgical removal of the palatine tonsils and adenoids was performed, which showed reactive follicular hyperplasia. Furthermore, bone marrow biopsy revealed absence of neoplasia. The patient is still in follow-up with no signs of recurrent lymphoma. This case illustrates that, despite the high sensitivity for the detection of recurrent lymphoma, F-FDG uptake should be interpreted with great caution and confirmatory studies should be performed before any therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we study the existence of a unique solution to a general class of Young delay differential equations driven by a Hölder continuous function with parameter greater that 1/2 via the Young integration setting. Then some estimates of the solution are obtained, which allow to show that the solution of a delay differential equation driven by a fractional Brownian motion (fBm) with Hurst parameter H>1/2 has a C-density. To this purpose, we use Malliavin calculus based on the Fréchet differentiability in the directions of the reproducing kernel Hilbert space associated with fBm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The acquisition of abnormalities at G1/S is considered a crucial step in the genesis and progression of melanoma. The expression of cell cycle regulators has also been used in various neoplasms as an adjunct to diagnosis. The aim of this study was to compare the expression of p16, p21, p27 and cyclin D1 in oral nevi and melanomas. Expression of these cell cycle regulatory proteins was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 51 oral melanocytic lesions, including 38 intramucosal nevi and 13 primary oral melanomas. p16 and p27 were highly expressed in intramucosal nevi, whereas p21 and cyclin D1 expression was higher in oral melanomas. The results indicate that p21 and cyclin D1 may be involved in the development of oral melanomas, and eventually they may be useful in the differential diagnoses of oral benign and malignant melanocytic lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we use Malliavin calculus techniques to obtain an expression for the short-time behavior of the at-the-money implied volatility skew for a generalization of the Bates model, where the volatility does not need to be a diffusion or a Markov process, as the examples in Sect. 7 show. This expression depends on the derivative of the volatility in the sense of Malliavin calculus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Underway current velocity profiles were combined with temperature and salinity profiles at fixed stations to describe tidal and subtidal flow patterns in the middle of the northermnost Chilean fjord, Estuario Reloncavl. This is the first study involving current velocity measurements in this fjord. Reloncaví fjord is 55 km long, 2 km wide, and on average is 170 m deep. Measurements concentrated around a marked bend of the coastline, where an 8-km along-fjord transect was sampled during a semidiurnal tidal cycle in March 2002 and a 2-km cross-fjord transect was occupied, also during a semidiurnal cycle, in May 2004. The fjord hydrography showed a relatively thin (< 5 m deep), continuously stratified, buoyant layer with stratification values > 4 kg m-3 per meter of depth. Below this thin layer, the water was relatively homogeneous. Semidiurnal tidal currents had low amplitudes (< 10 cm s-1) that allowed the persistence of a surface front throughout the tidal cycle. The front oscillated with a period of Ca. 2.5 h and showed excursions of 2 km. The front oscillations could have been produced by a lateral seiche that corresponds to the natural period of oscillation across the fjord. This front could have also caused large (2 h) phase lags in the semidiurnal tidal currents, from one end of the transect to the other, within the buoyant layer. Tidal phases were relatively uniform underneath this buoyant layer. Subtidal flows showed a 3-layer pattern consisting of a surface layer (8 m thick, of 5 cm s-1 surface outflow), an intermediate layer (70 m thick, of 3 cm s-1 net inflow), and a bottom layer (below 80 m depth, of 3 cm s-1 net outflow). The surface outflow and, to a certain extent, the inflow layer were related to the buoyant water interacting with the ambient oceanic water. The inflowing layer and the bottom outflow were attributed to nonlinear effects associated with a tidal wave that reflects at the fjord's head. The weak subtidal currents followed the morphology of the bend and caused downwelling on the inside and upwelling on the outside part of the bend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to analyse cultural influences when French companies cooperate with Mexican companies (subsidiaries of the French, established in Mexico) in the field of automotive manufacturing. An OEM supplier and a final assembly plant were selected to perform the study. Interviews with the workers, supervisors and managers have been performed. Case studies were collected in order to analyse the problems and to illustrate technical as well as cultural solutions. The analysis showed that important differences and coincidences in the manufacturing solutions could be explained from the cultural (French and Mexican) standpoint. The conclusions integrate some recommendations for French and Mexican companies that are in actual cooperation or that are planning to globalise in the corresponding countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high-affinity glycine transport in neurons and glial cells is the primary means for inactivating synaptic glycine. Two different glycine transporter genes, Glyt-1 and Glyt-2, have been cloned. Glyt-1 has been reported to occur in the retina, but there is no evidence for expression of the Glyt-2 transporter. We have pharmacologically characterized glycine transport in the frog retina. ³H-Glycine uptake in the retina was insensitive to modulation by phorbol esters or changes in cAMP levels, and was partially inhibited by sarcosine. Differential sensitivity of glycine transport to sarcosine was exhibited by synaptosomal fractions from the inner and outer plexiform layers of the frog retina. The Na+ Hill coefficient of glycine uptake was 2.0, as has been reported for Glyt-2. In addition, amoxapine, a specific inhibitor of the Glyt-2a isoform, reduced by 60% glycine uptake by P2 synaptosomal fraction. Our results indicate the presence of different glycine transporter isoforms in the frog retina, acting mainly through the classical inhibitory glycine system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we deduce some estimates of the Lp(Ω)-norm of the Skorohod and the forward integrals. These estimates allow us to study the existence of a unique solution to anticipating Volterra equations of the Skorohod and forward type. The coefficients Fi( t, s, x), t≥ s, are $$F_t $$ -measurable and satisfy some differentiability conditions (in the sense of the stochastic calculus of variations). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove the existence of a unique solution for a one-dimensional stochastic parabolic partial differential equation with random and adapted coefficients perturbed by a two-parameter white noise. The proof is based on a maximal inequality for the Skorohod integral deduced from Itô's formula for this anticipating stochastic integral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synaptosomal fractions were isolated from frog retina: a fraction enriched in photoreceptor terminals (P1) and a second one (P2) containing interneurons terminals. We compared the binding of [H]glycine and [H]strychine to membranes of these synaptosomes. The binding of both radioactive ligands was saturable and Na-independent. [H]Glycine bound to a single site in P1 and P2 synaptosomal fractions, with K=12 and 82 nM and B=3.1 and 3.06 pmol/mg protein respectively. [H]Strychnine bound to two sites in each one of the synaptosomal fractions. For P1 K values were 3.9 and 18.7 nM, and B values were 1.1 and 7.1 pmol/mg protein, respecitively. Membranes from the P2 synaptosomal fraction showed K's of 0.6 and 48 nM and B's of 0.4 and 4.5 pmol/mg. Specific [H]glycine binding was displaced by β-alanine, l-serine, d-serine and HA966, but not by strychnine 7-chlorokynurenic or 5,7-dichloro-kynurenic acids. Specific [H]strychnine, binding was partially displaced by glycine and related aminoacids and totally displaced only by 2-NH-strychnine. Our results indicate the presence of high affinity binding sites for glycine and strychnine in frog retinal synaptosomal membranes. The pharmacological binding pattern indicates the presence of the strychnine sensitive glycine receptor as well as other sites. These might not include the NMDA receptor-associated glycine site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let ( X, l, μ) be a measure space, let W be a cylindrical Hilbert-Wiener process, and let ϕ be an anticipating integrable process-valued function on X. We prove, under natural assumptions on ϕ, that there exists a measurable version Y, x ε X, of the anticipating integral of ϕ(x) such that the integral ∫ Yμ( dx) is a version of the anticipating integral of ∫ ϕ( x) μ(dx). We apply this anticipating Fubini theorem to study solutions of a class of stochastic evolution equations in Hilbert space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Actinomycosis is a rare infection that involves soft and bone tissues caused by gram-positive, anaerobic filamentous bacteria, usually Actinomyces israelii. About 3% of all cases affect children. Not uncommonly, actinomycosis is initially diagnosed as neoplasm or other granulomatous diseases. Paediatric actinomycosis affecting the jaws is rare. To date, 20 and 1 case affecting the mandible and maxilla, respectively, have been reported. A 4-year-old girl was referred presenting an extensive symptomatic ulcerative lesion with bone exposure in the posterior region of the right maxilla two months ago. One month before, she has been diagnosed with scarlet fever. The lesion progressed, damaging the supporting periodontal tissue. After surgical removal of necrotic bone and deciduous molar, the microscopy revealed actinomycosis, which showed excellent healing after local treatment with hydrogen peroxide solution and adequate oral hygiene. Although actinomycosis of the jaws affecting pediatric patients is rare, paediatric dentists must be aware of their clinicopathological characteristics, with therapeutic and prognostic impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myofibroma is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor that frequently affects the pediatric population with a predilection for the head and neck region. About 10% of myofibroma cases, presenting atypical features, can be misinterpreted as low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma (LGMS), with therapeutic and prognostic impact. Here, we report two pediatric cases of benign myofibroblastic tumors, one of them showing typical characteristics of myofibroma, the other was an atypical myofibroma, which initially mimicked low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma. Atypical myofibromas, despite its distinctive characteristics, follow a benign course, similar with typical myofibroma. It is necessary to distinguish atypical myofibroma from low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma and avoid unnecessary invasive therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]