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A urea-utilizing bacterium, designated Q2-2 T, was isolated from landfill. Cells of strain Q2-2 T were Gram stain-negative, aerobic, short-rod bacteria. Strain Q2-2 T was observed to grow at a temperature range of 15–37℃ (optimum 30 ℃), a pH range of 5.5–9.5 (optimum pH 8.0) and 0–4% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1%). The major respiratory quinone was Q-8, and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, and phosphatidyl glycerol. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain Q2-2 T had the highest similarity with Paracandidimonas caeni 24 T (98.0%), followed by Pusillimonas soli MJ07T (97.5%), Parapusillimonas granuli Ch07T (97.2%), Pusillimonas ginsengisoli DCY25T (97.1%) and Paracandidimonas soli IMT-305 T (96.4%). The ANI values between strain Q2-2 T and the above related type strains were 71.02%, 73.52%, 74.32%, 74.59% and 72.29%, respectively. The DNA G + C content of strain Q2-2 T was 61.1%. Therefore, strain Q2-2 T represents a novel species of the genus Paracandidimonas, for which the name Paracandidimonas lactea sp. nov. (type strain Q2-2 T = CGMCC 1.19179 T = JCM 34906 T) is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tewenty six Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) markers were developed of sea cucumber ( Apostichopus japonicas) by the high resolution melting assays. All loci were involved in defense mechanism. The results of genotyping revealed that all loci had two alleles and the minor allele frequency ranged from 0.038 to 0.500. The observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.054-0.792 to 0.064-0.547, respectively. Two loci significantly depart from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and no significant linkage disequilibrium was detected. As far as we know, this is the first report about defense mechanism of sea cucumber at molecular level. These SNP markers should be useful for the construction of genetic linkage map and comparative genome analysis in A. japonicus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]