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Two new stilbenes, 5-methoxy-6-(4-methoxystyryl)-3-methylbenzofuran (1) and 5-methoxy-6-(4- hydroxystyryl)-3-methylbenzofuran (2), together with six known ones, bauhiniastatin D (3), gramideoxybenzoin B (4), gramistilbenoid A (5), gramistilbenoid B (6), gramniphenol H (7), and pterostilbene (8), were isolated from the whole plants of Arundina graminifolia. Their structures were established by their 1D, 2D NMR, and MS spectral data. Compounds 1 and 2 were tested for their anti-SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) activity. The results revealed that compound 1 exhibited potential activity with IC50 of 17.4 μM for delta strain and 28.5 μM for Omicron BA.1 strain, compound 2 also showed potential activity with IC50 of 15.3 μM for delta strain and 22.6 μM for Omicron BA.1 strain, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new isoprenylated flavone, 8,4′-dimethoxy-6-(4-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-flavone (1), 8-hydroxy-4′-methoxy-6-(4-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-flavone (2), together with seven known isoprenylated flavonoids (3–9) were isolated from the whole plants of Desmodium caudatum. Their structures were established by their 1D, 2D NMR, and MS spectral data. In addition, compounds 1–9 were tested for their anti-SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the aim of screening more bioactivity metabolites, in this study, two new stilbenes, 5-methoxy-6-(4- methoxystyryl)benzofuran (1) and 6-(4-methoxystyryl)benzofuran-5-ol (2) were isolated from the leaves and stems of Bletilla striata. Their structures were established by their 1D, 2D NMR, and MS spectral data. Interestingly, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) activity revealed that compound 1 exhibited potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity with IC50 of 15.2 μM for the delta strain and 22.8 μM for the omicron BA.1 strain; compound 2 also showed potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity with IC50 of 10.2 μM for the delta strain and 16.8 μM for the omicron BA.1 strain. These values are lower than that of a positive control (with IC50 of 1.2 μM for the delta strain and 3.4 μM for the omicron BA.1 strain). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluated the effect of dietary protein and lipid on growth and body composition in juvenile red swamp crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii). Nine groups of crayfish were fed nine experimental diets containing three levels of protein (24, 27, and 30 %) and three levels of lipid (4, 7, and 10 %) for 8 weeks. We used a 3 × 3 factorial model with four replicates and 12 crayfish (initial average weight, 2.52 ± 0.04 g) per replicate. We measured weight gain ratio (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and body composition. WG and SGR were significantly ( P < 0.05) affected by dietary lipid but not significantly ( P < 0.05) affected by dietary protein. When grouped by lipid levels, the WG of crayfish fed diets containing 7 % lipid was higher than that of crayfish fed diets containing 4 or 10 % lipid. The diet containing 30 % protein and 7 % lipid promoted the most efficient growth (WG: 483.38 %, SGR: 3.14 % day). Dietary protein and lipid had no effect on condition factor or the viscous content (VC). Dietary protein, but not lipid, had a significant ( P = 0.038) effect on the muscle content (MC). Crayfish fed a diet containing 27 % protein and 4 % lipid had the highest ( P < 0.05) MC (16.16 %). Dietary protein levels also had a significant ( P = 0.04) effect on the shell content (SC). SC was higher in crayfish fed a 30 % protein diet than in those fed 24 or 27 % protein. Proximate analysis suggested that crayfish fed a diet containing 27 % protein had a significantly higher nutritive composition than fish fed 24 or 30 % protein. Dietary protein also affected both whole body and muscle dry matter (DM) content. Similarly, both dietary protein and lipid affected whole-body crude lipid. Hepatopancreas DM, lipid content, and protein content were affected by dietary lipid. In conclusion, a diet containing 4-7 % lipid and 27 % protein with a protein to digestible energy ratio of 17-21 g protein·MJ appeared optimal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]