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In recent years, significant attention has been garnered by Tailor Rolled Blanks (TRBs), especially within the automotive industry, attributed to their unique performance characteristics, defined by varying thickness profiles. Nonetheless, the inherent structural complexities of TRBs have led to non-uniform deformation during forming processes, thereby compromising elongation and formability. In this study, an exploration into the deformation of TRBs under uniaxial tensile conditions is elucidated, centering specifically on TRBs transitioning from a thickness of 1–2 mm over a 100 mm span. An assessment of the properties of TRBs following partial annealing is conducted, and mechanisms responsible for thickness variations and the revelation of intrinsic mechanical traits are identified through microstructural examinations. Exploration of the mechanical behavior of TRBs under tension is undertaken, and a methodological approach for optimizing the distribution of mechanical properties is proposed. Validation is achieved through the employment of finite element models, showcasing a performance improvement in the optimized TRBs, with uniform elongation rates surpassing those of non-optimized TRBs by up to 197%. Moreover, an outperformance of uniform-thickness materials by up to 51% is exhibited by the optimized TRBs. These insights are anticipated to bolster the application and efficiency of TRBs across various engineering sectors, aligning coherently with the intelligent design and advanced materials implications within the realm of mechanics and materials in design, as spotlighted by "The International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design". This exploration intricately intertwines mechanics, material engineering, and intelligent design, offering a comprehensive view that stands to fortify the symbiotic relationship between advanced materials and the design process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass power generation technologies, which are now mature and competitive, can alleviate power shortages, reduce the damaging environmental effects of coal-based power generation, and provide alternative renewable energy. While understanding trends is essential for making policies and decisions, few studies to date have examined biomass power generation's technological evolutionary development path from a patent data perspective. This paper uses patent data to reveal the biomass power generation technological evolutionary trajectory. Using growth curve and citation network approaches, the evolution of the core technologies and the main trajectories over time were identified. After simulations and predictions based on the logistic growth curve, it was revealed that biomass power generation had entered technological maturity and would meet saturation in 2031. Main path analysis was introduced to trace the technological trajectory. The patent citation analysis revealed six main technology paths. Further analysis identified biomass power generation hybridization, the use of waste to generate power, and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage as potential technologies to achieve negative emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), as the most scalable negative emission technology, can limit global warming to 1.5 ℃ under climate change scenarios. With increasing research on BECCS, concerns have been raised about its deployment and impacts. In view of the limited research on the possible structure and collaboration in the field of BECCS, this study sought to determine the scientific cooperation and knowledge structure using bibliometric approaches based on a science mapping analysis. Co-authorship and co-citation networks were developed from CiteSpace to explore the individual, institutional, and national collaborations, and detect the knowledge structure in the field of BECCS. Six key research groups with connections were found with the research group centered on NIALL MAC DOWELL and PETE SMITH being more focused on BECCS. Cluster analysis results show that the knowledge structure of BECCS has gradually formed. The research field has been continuously developed and relatively independent. The findings provide researchers with an in-depth understanding of the current state of BECCS research and its knowledge structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies have studied the health risk assessment of human exposure to As or bioaccessible As via rice intake; however, the bioaccessibility of different As species in rice is seldom reported. In the present study, 31 rice samples were collected from markets or individual growers to investigate the speciation and bioaccessibility of As. Five different species (AsIII, AsV, DMA, MMA, and AsB) were detected in rice samples from different regions, among which AsIII accounted for the largest proportion (62.95% in average), followed by DMA and AsV. In addition, the cooking method could facilitate the release of As from rice into gastric and intestinal juice, and subsequently increase the bioaccessibility of As. The bioaccessibility of inorganic As in cooked rice ranged from 71.83 to 100%, and that of organic As ranged from 31.69 to 61.04%. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk assessment of children and adults exposure to As via rice intake considering the bioaccessibility of cooked rice was carried out. The target hazard quotient (THQ) of iAs and total As for children ranged from 0.21 to 1.61 and 0.48 to 2.26, respectively, while those for adults ranged from 0.12 to 0.88 and 0.26 to 1.23, respectively. Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for children and adults ranged from 9.57 × 10−5 to 7.25 × 10−4 and 5.21 × 10−5 to 3.95 × 10−4, respectively. The results of risk assessment indicated that children would face a higher health risk than adults when they took the same type of rice as their staple food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of renewable energy and sustainable development (RE&SD) can help overcome existing obstacles and create opportunities for renewable energy deployment to achieve sustainable development goals. In view of the limited research on science mapping and visualization analyses of RE&SD, this study sought to determine the scientific structure and evolution based on longitudinal and mapping change analysis. As an entity in the knowledge base, keyword and subject were considered essential information of documents. The co-word network was generated using SciMAT to reveal the dynamic aspects of the scientific research in the five subperiods. The thematic evolutionary analysis identified two main RE&SD thematic areas, with the current research hotspots that involved technological, environmental, sustainable energy innovation, and sustainable biofuel contributions. The alluvial diagram using MapEquation revealed significant structural changes from subject data. Clusters of subjects continued to grow, and more interdisciplinary integration was undergoing. This study provides a systematic study of RE&SD research, and the future research of RE&SD may inevitably consider renewable energy investment and renewable energy perspective approaches to achieve sustainable development goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individual cell types of human tissues have their own CpG site methylation profiles, which might be utilized for the development of methylation markers to denote tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). We aimed to develop DNA methylation markers that recapitulate the densities of TILs in gastric carcinoma (GC). Through genome-wide methylation profiling, NCOR2, PARK2, and ZSCAN12 were found to be highly methylated in CD3-positive and CD8-positive cells and rarely methylated in tumor cells. Scores of the three methylation markers were analyzed for their relationship with the overall survival and recurrence-free survival of patients with advanced GC (n = 471). The scores of three methylation markers were closely associated with densities of CD3-positive or CD8-positive cells at the tumor center or invasive front of GCs and found to be a significant prognostic factor in univariate analysis of overall survival and recurrence-free survival. In multivariate analysis, the highest score showed hazard ratios of 0.513 (CI 0.306–0.857) and 0.434 (CI 0.261–0.720) for overall survival and recurrence-free survival, respectively. The findings suggest that methylation markers signifying TILs might be utilized for the recapitulation of TIL density in GCs and serve as biomarkers for predicting prognosis in patients with GC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caries and dental erosion are common oral diseases. Traditional treatments involve the mechanical removal of decay and filling but these methods are not suitable for cases involving large-scale enamel erosion, such as hypoplasia. To develop a noninvasive treatment, promoting remineralisation in the early stage of caries is of considerable clinical significance. Therefore, biomimetic mineralisation is an ideal approach for restoring enamel. Biomimetic mineralisation forms a new mineral layer that is tightly attached to the surface of the enamel. This review details the state-of-art achievements on the application of amelogenin and non-amelogenin, amorphous calcium phosphate, ions flow and other techniques in the biomimetic mineralisation of enamel. The ultimate goal of this review was to shed light on the requirements for enamel biomineralisation. Hence, herein, we summarise two strategies of biological minimisation systems for in situ enamel restoration inspired by amelogenesis that have been developed in recent years and compare their advantages and disadvantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The copy number (CN) gain of protooncogenes is a frequent finding in gastric carcinoma (GC), but its prognostic implication remains elusive. The study aimed to characterize the clinicopathological features, including prognosis, of GCs with copy number gains in multiple protooncogenes. Three hundred thirty-three patients with advanced GC were analyzed for their gene ratios in EGFR, GATA6, IGF2, and SETDB1 using droplet dPCR (ddPCR) for an accurate assessment of CN changes in target genes. The number of GC patients with 3 or more genes with CN gain was 16 (4.8%). Compared with the GCs with 2 or less genes with CN gain, the GCs with 3 or more CN gains displayed more frequent venous invasion, a lower density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and lower methylation levels of L1 or SAT-alpha. Microsatellite instability-high tumors or Epstein–Barr virus-positive tumors were not found in the GCs with 3 or more genes with CN gain. Patients of this groups also showed the worst clinical outcomes for both overall survival and recurrence-free survival, which was persistent in the multivariate survival analyses. Our findings suggest that the ddPCR-based detection of multiple CN gain of protooncogenes might help to identify a subset of patients with poor prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. This is due to the heterogeneous features of GC, which consist of a diverse molecular phenotype. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-positive GC and microsatellite instability (MSI)-high GC encompass similar epigenetic traits, including high levels of DNA methylation in CpG islands; however, EBV-positive and MSI-high GCs are mutually exclusive. We aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of this exclusivity. Methods: We knocked out MLH1 in EBV-positive GC cell lines SNU-719 and NCC24 via CRISPR-Cas9, and evaluated the modified cellular properties in vitro and in vivo. The MSI status of each cell line was screened with two marker capillary electrophoresis, and further diagnosed with five marker capillary electrophoresis and parallel sequencing using 21 markers. Results: Initial evaluation showed that cell growth, migration, invasion, and MSI status were not affected by MLH1 silencing. However, with prolonged passage, GC cell lines gradually gained MSI and NCC24 cells were transformed to EBV-positive/MSI-high GC cells after 12 months. Furthermore, MLH1 silencing reduced tumor stemness in SNU-719 and NCC24 regardless of the MSI status in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that EBV-positivity and MSI-high status are mutually exclusive due to the immediate disadvantage in tumor stemness when MLH1 is silenced, whereas the establishment of MSI-high status in EBV-positive GCs required a longer period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proliferation and differentiation of granulosa cells are very important for follicular development. The dysfunction of granulosa cells leading to follicular development is an important cause of ovarian endocrine abnormalities. More and more evidence shows that microRNAs are involved in the regulation of ovarian granulosa cell function. It has been found that MiR-26b may be involved in CDDP resistance. Studies have shown that miR-26b can promote apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells, but there are few studies on its mechanism, and no studies have been found on the damage of miR-26b-5p to rat ovarian granulosa cells induced by CDDP. Identification of ovarian granulosa cells was conducted by immunochemical staining. Cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) was used to detect cell viability, flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot (WB) were used to analyze the expression of miR-26b-5p, MAP3K9, cleaved Caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2; dual-luciferase reporter assay results further verify the targeting relation between miR-26b-5p and MAP3K9. CDDP remarkably inhibited ovarian granulosa cell viability and induced ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis; miR-26b-5p inhibitor enhanced viability and inhibited apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells, which treated with CDDP, but had little effect on normal cells. MAP3K9 partially reversed the effect of miR-26b-5p on ovarian granulosa cells induced by CDDP. miR-26b-5p has a protective effect on CDDP-induced ovarian granulosa cells via targeting MAP3K9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to explore the effects of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypoglycemic therapy on the salivary microbiome in periodontitis patients and identify the potential salivary micro-biomarker for the early warning of T2DM. Saliva samples were collected from healthy individuals (Health), periodontitis patients (P), T2DM patients, periodontitis patients with T2DM (DAP), and DAP patients treated with Metformin (Met). Samples were determined by16S rRNA gene sequencing. 29 phyla, 322 genera, and 333 species of salivary microbiome were annotated. Compared to the Health group, the P and DAP group showed a significantly higher diversity of saliva microbiota, while the T2DM and Met group had no significant difference in microbial abundance but showed a trend of increasing diversity. Other than well-known periodontitis-inducing pathogens, the proportion of Prevotella copri, Alloprevotella rava, and Ralstonia pickettii, etc. were also significantly increased in periodontitis patients with or without T2DM. After effective glycemic control, the abundance of Prevotella copri, Alloprevotella rava, Ralstonia pickettii, etc. decreased in periodontitis patients with companion T2DM. The accuracies of the classification models in differentiating Health-vs.-P, DAP-vs.-P, and T2DM-vs.-P were 100%, 96.3%, and 98.1%, respectively. Hypoglycemic therapy could reconstruct the saliva microbiota and hence improve the localized conditions of diabetes patients with periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]