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This study introduces an innovative strategy, termed the "epoxidation & blending" approach, to create cost-effective and mechanically enhanced 3D printable photocurable materials by using waste cooking oil (WCO) as raw material. Within this strategy, WCO is first subjected to epoxidation, yielding epoxy waste cooking oil (E-WCO). Subsequently, E-WCO is combined with triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) to formulate a E-WCO plasticized TEGDMA photocurable resin suitable for 3D printing. Functioning as a plasticizing component, E-WCO effectively resides within the TEGDMA substrate with minimal migration (0.31% at 135 ℃ for 24 h). Furthermore, appropriate addition of E-WCO significantly enhances the mechanical properties of the TEGDMA-based resin, especially in terms of toughness. The optimized composition of the E-WCO/TEGDMA resin, with an E-WCO:TEGDMA mass ratio of 1:15, demonstrates exceptional mechanical strength. This includes a tensile strength of 16.74 MPa, an elongation at break of 32.93%, and an impact strength of 3.94 kJ/m2, surpassing the benchmarks of pure TEGDMA. When compared to commercial epoxy soybean oil (ESO), E-WCO provides an equivalent plasticizing effect, effectively enhancing material flexibility. The transformation of WCO into the E-WCO/TEGDMA resin not only promotes the high-value utilization of WCO but also holds significant potential for developing low-cost and sustainable 3D printable consumables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The aim of this study is to enhance the accuracy of monitoring and treatment information for patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Utilizing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, a cohort of 335,948 eligible CRC patients was included in this investigation. Conditional survival probability and actuarial overall survival were employed as methodologies to investigate the association between clinicopathological characteristics and cancer prognosis. Results: Among CRC patients, the 5-year survival rate was 59%, while the 10-year survival rate was 42%. Over time, conditional survival showed a consistent increase, with rates reaching 45% and 48% for individuals surviving 1 and 2 years, respectively. Notably, patients with unfavorable tumor stages exhibited substantial improvements in conditional survival, thereby narrowing the disparity with actuarial overall survival over time. Conclusion: This study underscores the significance of time-dependent conditional survival probability, particularly for patients with a poorer prognosis. The findings suggest that long-term CRC survivors may experience improved cancer prognosis over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing evidence has found the health protective effects of greenness exposure on tuberculosis (TB) and the impact of ambient air pollutants on TB drug-resistance. However, it remains unclear whether residential greenness is also beneficial to reduce TB drug-resistance, and whether air pollution modify the greenness-TB resistance relationship. We enrolled 5006 newly-diagnosed TB patients from Shandong, China, during 2014 to 2021. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in 250 m and 500 m buffer around individuals' residential zone was used to assess greenness exposure. All patients were divided by quartiles of NDVI250-m and NDVI500-m (from low to high: Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4) respectively. Six logistic regression models (NDVI, NDVI + PM2.5/PM10/SO2/NO2/O3) were used to estimate the association of NDVI and TB drug-resistance when adjusting different air pollutants or not. All models were adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, complications, smoking, drinking, population density, nighttime light index, road density. Compared with participants in NDVI250-m Q1 and NDVI500-m Q1, other groups had lower rates of MDR-TB, PDR-TB, RFP-resistance, SM-resistance, RFP + SM resistance, INH + RFP + EMB + SM resistance. NDVI500-m reduced the risk of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and the adjusted odds ratio (aOR, 95% confidence interval, CI) compared with NDVI500-m Q1 were 0.736 (0.547–0.991) in NDVI + PM10 model, 0.733 (0.544–0.986) in NDVI + PM2.5 model, 0.735(0.546–0.99) in NDVI + SO2 model, 0.736 (0.546–0.991) in NDVI + NO2 model, respectively, P < 0.05. NDVI500-m contributed to a decreased risk of streptomycin (SM)-resistance. The aOR of rifampicin (RFP) + SM resistance were 0.132 (NDVI250-m, Q4 vs Q1, 95% CI: 0.03–0.578), 0.199 (NDVI500-m, Q3 vs. Q1, 95% CI: 0.057–0.688) and 0.264 (NDVI500-m, Q4 vs. Q1, 95% CI: 0.087–0.799). The adjusted ORs (Q2 vs. Q1, 95% CI) of isoniazid (INH) + RFP + ethambutol (EMB) + SM resistance in 500 m buffer were 0.276 (0.119–0.639) in NDVI model, 0.279 (0.11–0.705) in NDVI + PM10 model, 0.281 (0.111–0.713) in NDVI + PM2.5 model, 0.279 (0.11–0.709) in NDVI + SO2 model, 0.296 (0.117–0.754) in NDVI + NO2 model, 0.294 (0.116–0.748) in NDVI + O3 model, respectively. The study showed, for the first time, that residential greenness exposure in 500 m buffer is beneficial for reducing newly-diagnosed DR-TB (including PDR-RB, MDR-TB, MR-TB), and ambient air pollutants may partially mediate this association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a volatile hormone signal, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) can regulate the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. But in floral fragrance, the effect and mechanisms of MeJA on monoterpenes, the major components of many plants, are largely unknown. In this paper, we measured the release of monoterpenes from petals of Lilium 'Siberia' after MeJA treatment, as well as the expressions of monoterpene pathway genes and Lilium coronatine-insensitive (LiCOI1) gene. Then the LiCOI1 gene was cloned, and using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology, its function in monoterpene biosynthesis in response to MeJA was validated. The results showed that MeJA significantly improved the release amounts of myrcene, ocimene, and linalool. The expression levels of synthase genes [Lilium myrcene synthase (LiMYS), Lilium ocimene synthase (LiOCS), as well as Lilium linalool synthase (LiLIS)], two pathway genes [Lilium 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (LiDXS) and Lilium 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (LiDXR)] were enhanced. Moreover, the LiCOI1 gene exhibited a remarkably increased expression level, which suggested its signaling role. Based on the analysis, the full length of LiCOI1 gene was 1809 bp, whose deduced protein contained 602 amino acids and was mainly located in the nucleus. Silencing the expression of LiCOI1 in petals significantly depressed not only the gene expressions of LiMYS, LiOCS, LiLIS, LiDXS, and LiDXR, but also the release amounts of myrcene, ocimene, and linalool. These results confirm that LiCOI1 plays an important signaling role in MeJA-induced enhancement of monoterpene biosynthesis in Lilium 'Siberia'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the electroweak phase transition patterns for a recently proposed baryogenesis model with CP violation originated in the dark sector. The model includes a complex scalar singlet-Higgs boson portal, a U(1)l gauge lepton symmetry with a Z′ gauge boson portal and a fermionic dark matter particle. We find a novel thermal history of the scalar sector, featuring a Z2 breaking singlet vacuum in the early Universe driven by a dark Yukawa coupling, that induces a one-step strongly first order electroweak phase transition. We explore the parameter space that generates the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry and dark matter relic abundance, while being consistent with constraints from electric dipole moment, collider searches, and dark matter direct detection bounds. The complex singlet can be produced via the Higgs portal and decays into Standard Model particles after traveling a certain distance. We explore the reach for long-lived singlet scalars at the 13 TeV Large Hadron Collider with L = 139 fb−1 and show its impact on the parameter space of the model. Setting aside currently unresolved theoretical uncertainties, we estimate the gravitational wave signatures detectable at future observatories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitochondrial metabolism disorders play an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors, and iron–sulfur protein is an important molecule for maintaining the normal function of mitochondria. However, the relationship between the expression, prognostic value, and immune infiltration of MMDS-related iron–sulfur protein genes in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) remains unclear. Based on online databases bioinformatics analysis was performed to evaluate the expression differences, survival impacts, immune infiltration, and prognostic significance of multiple mitochondrial dysfunction syndrome (MMDS)-related iron–sulfur protein genes in KIRC patients. For example, the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using STRING and GEPIA database; Survival impacts were constructed by TCGA database; Immune infiltration was analyzed using TIMER database. There were significant differences in the mRNA expression levels of ISCA1, ISCA2, C1ORF69 and NFU1 in KIRC among different tumor grades and individual cancer stages. Furthermore, KIRC with high transcription levels of ISCA1, ISCA2, C1ORF69 and NFU1 (p < 0.01) was significantly associated with long overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). In addition, overexpression of four genes, NFU1, ISCA1, ISCA2, and C1ORF69 in KIRC indicated a better prognosis. Further studies showed that immune cells had a significantly positive correlation with iron–sulfur protein family genes, including CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells and B cells. More importantly, the results of immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of NFU1, ISCA1, ISCA2 and C1ORF69 in normal tissues was higher than that in renal clear cell carcinoma tissues. In this study, we systematically analyzed the expression and prognostic value of iron–sulfur protein family genes in KIRC. More importantly, NFU1, ISCA1, ISCA2, and C1ORF69 are expected to become potential therapeutic targets for KIRC, as well as potential prognostic markers for improving the survival rate and prognostic accuracy of KIRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novelty detection is a task of machine learning that aims at detecting novel events without a prior knowledge. In particular, its techniques can be applied to detect unexpected signals from new phenomena at colliders. In this paper, we develop an analysis scheme that exploits the complementarity, originally studied in ref. [1], between isolation-based and clustering-based novelty evaluators. This approach can significantly improve the performance and overall applicability of novelty detection at colliders, which we demonstrate using a variety of two dimensional Gaussian samples mimicking collider events. As a further proof of principle, we subsequently apply this scheme to the detection of two significantly different signals at the LHC featuring a t t ¯ γγ final state: t t ¯ h , giving a narrow resonance in the diphoton mass spectrum, and gravity-mediated supersymmetry, resulting in broad distributions at high transverse momentum. Compared to existing dedicated searches at the LHC, the sensitivities for detecting both signals are found to be encouraging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop a combination of immunomagnetic separation (IMS) and real-time PCR (qPCR) techniques to detect and analyze Salmonella spp. (SAL), Listeria monocytogenes (LM), and Escherichia coli O157:H7 (O157: H7) in meat samples quickly and accurately. Bacteria-specific immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) were prepared from carboxyl magnetic beads and affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies using a novel magnetic bead activator. Multiplex immunomagnetic separation (mIMS) and multiplex qPCR were performed to detect the three pathogenic bacteria. Both IMS and mIMS showed a high capture efficiency with good repeatability. The standard curve of the three pathogenic bacteria was linear within a concentration range of 102–108 CFU/mL. Without bacterial enrichment, the detection limits for SAL, LM, and O157:H7 were 1.2 × 103, 3.3 × 103, and 1.1 × 103 CFU per 25 g, respectively. Following a 5-h enrichment period, the corresponding detection limits increased to 12, 33, and 11 CFU per 25 g, respectively. Evaluation of 160 meat samples revealed that the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the method were 100%, 98.1%, and 98.5%, respectively. Collectively, the IMS-based triplex qPCR method developed in this study improves detection sensitivity with reduced detection time and, therefore, has broad prospects in detecting pathogenic bacteria in food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A selenium-functionalized ε-caprolactone was synthesized by introducing a phenyl selenide group at the 7-position. A polymer was obtained through the ring-opening polymerization of this monomer in a base/thiourea binary organocatalytic system. A living polymerization process was achieved under mild conditions. The resulting polymers had a controlled molecular weight with a narrow molecular weight distributions and high end-group fidelity. Random copolymers could be obtained by copolymerizing this monomer with ε-caprolactone. The thermal degradation temperature of the obtained copolymers decreased with the increasing molar ratio of selenide functionalized monomer in copolymers, while the glass transition temperature increased. In addition, the phenyl selenide side group could be further modified to a polyselenonium salt, which resulted in a polymer with good antibacterial properties. The survival rate of E. coli and S. aureus was only 9% with a polymer concentration of 62.5 µg/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tunable bandgap from 0.3 eV to 2 eV of black phosphorus (BP) makes it to fill the gap in graphene. When studying the properties of BP more comprehensive, scientists have discovered that many two-dimensional materials, such as tellurene, antimonene, bismuthene, indium selenide and tin sulfide, have similar structures and properties to black phosphorus thus called black phosphorus analogs. In this review, we briefly introduce preparation methods of black phosphorus and its analogs, with emphasis on the method of mechanical exfoliation (ME), liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). And their characterization and properties according to their classification of single-element materials and multi-element materials are described. We focus on the performance of passively mode-locked fiber lasers using BP and its analogs as saturable absorbers (SA) and demonstrated this part through classification of working wavelength. Finally, we introduce the application of BP and its analogs, and discuss their future research prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the magnetic effects on the chiral transition and the melting properties of vector and axial-vector mesons in the improved soft-wall AdS/QCD model under a charged magnetic background, which is solved perturbatively from an Einstein–Maxwell system with a negative cosmological constant. The phase diagrams for both chiral transition and meson melting have been obtained. We show that the inverse magnetic catalysis emerged naturally in the improved soft-wall model. We also find that the magnetic field can induce meson melting, at least for the vector and axial-vector mesons, in our holographic setup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anguillid herpesvirus 1 (AngHV) is one of the vital pathogenic agents found in the wild and cultured eel populations, which has brought significant losses to eel culture industry in China. In this study, AngHV ORF95 was characterized. Bioinformatics analysis showed that ORF95 putatively encodes a structural protein that is homologous to hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) protein of infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV). Temporal transcription and expression analysis indicated that ORF95 is a viral late gene. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that ORF95 was predominantly localized in the cytoplasm. Further, western blot analysis indicated that ORF95 is a structural protein of virion envelope. These results provide a novel basis to make further efforts to clarify the function of ORF95 in the process of AngHV infection and the possibility to use ORF95 as antigen to develop AngHV subunit vaccine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A preliminary screening assay based on a microbial chromogenic reaction was developed to detect common antibiotic residues in meat rapidly. The assay comprised two bioassays: one for Escherichia coli and another for Geobacillus stearothermophilus. The assay was optimized and evaluated for the simultaneous screening of 30 antibiotics from five common antibiotic classes (tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, macrolides, β-lactams, and quinolones) found in meat. Extraction using phosphate-acetonitrile buffer (pH 7.2) and a delipidating treatment using n-hexane resulted in a high extraction efficacy for the five antibiotics, without affecting the microbial color reaction. A carrier, polyvinyl alcohol (0.1 g/mL); a cross-linking agent, boric acid-sodium tetraborate solution (pH 5.5); and a bacterial suspension with an initial optical density of 1.0 were the optimal embedding conditions for stability, microbial activity, and chromogenic efficiency. The assay exhibited a 6-month shelf life, with detection limits of 40–60, 60–140, 60–100, 20–40, and 40–180 μg/kg for tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, macrolides, β-lactams, and quinolones, respectively, which met the European Commission (37/2010) requirements for antibiotic residue limits. Our assay results were confirmed using LC-MS/MS with 160 samples, revealing a good correlation. This study demonstrates a reliable, easy-to-use, and economical method for preliminary screening of antibiotic residues in meat. This method may find an immediate application in food safety and general testing laboratories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regeneration of EDTA-FeII is a key step in electrobiofilm reduction-integrated systems for NOx removal from industrial boiler flue gas. The current and carbon sources are proposed to be the two crucial electron donors for EDTA-FeII regeneration. These parameters strongly influence the reactivity of EDTA-FeII-generated products in the system. Therefore, their effects on EDTA-FeII-NO and EDTA-FeIII reduction and the EDTA-FeII generation mechanism were studied. The results showed that the electrobiofilm method has obvious advantages over biological or electrochemical methods used alone for EDTA-FeII regeneration. Under the optimal conditions at a current of 22.9A m−3 net cathode chamber, the rate of EDTA-FeII regeneration reached 98.35%. The glucose concentration is the primary factor influencing the reduction of both EDTA-FeII-NO and EDTA-FeIII, while the current significantly promotes both processes. Comparison of the Km values of the two substrates indicated that microbial activity was crucial to the reduction of EDTA-FeII-NO, but the biological reduction of EDTA-FeIII had a competitive influence on EDTA-FeII-NO reduction, which limited the abundance and effectiveness of the bacteria responsible for EDTA-FeII-NO reduction in the electrobiofilm system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are terms missing from the one-loop matching calculation of [1]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Central South University is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Two novel binuclear lanthanide complexes [Tb(2,3-DMOBA)3(5,5′-DM-2,2′-bipy)]2·C2H5OH (1) and [Dy(2,3-DMOBA)3(5,5′-DM-2,2′-bipy)]2·C2H5OH (2) (2,3-DMOBA = 2,3-dimethoxybenzoate, 5,5′-DM-2,2′-bipy = 5,5′-dimety-2,2′-bipyridine) have been successfully synthesized and structurally validated by single-crystal diffraction. The results of single-crystal analyses indicate the complexes contains one free ethanol molecule, and each center Ln(III) is nine-coordinated, exhibiting a distorted monocapped square anti-prismatic coordination geometry. The two center Ln(III) are bound by four 2,3-DMOBA ligands, two of which are bridging bidentate and the other two are bridging–chelating. The adjacent binuclear complexes can form 1D supramolecular structure by a pair of alternating identical C–H···O hydrogen bonding interactions, which further form 2D sheet structures. The thermal behavior of these complexes is investigated by TG-DSC/FTIR. What is more, the heat capacities of the complexes 1–2 are measured by DSC at 259.15–346.15 K, and the result indicates that the heat capacity values of the complexes gradually increased with the increase in temperature. In addition, the thermodynamic functions values (HT − H298.15K) and (ST − S298.15K) of the complexes 1–2 are calculated according to the fitted polynomial equations and the thermodynamic equation. The luminescence property of complex 1 is studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hydroponics experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of iron plaque on root surfaces and selenium (Se) on the uptake and transfer of mercury (Hg) in rice seedlings by adding in the EDTA-Fe (0, 10, 30, 50, 70 mg Fe l−1) into the solution to produce a different amount of iron plaque outside rice root. After 24 h, the red-brown iron plaque was formed on the root surface, and the amount of iron plaques was positively correlated with the amount of Fe in the solution. The iron plaque deposited on the root surface has a strong adsorption effect on the inorganic Hg. The addition of Se could promote the adsorption of Hg2+ on the iron plaque of rice, and the introduction of Se could increase the adsorption capacity of Hg on iron plaque on average by 1.42 times. The Hg was extracted by DCB (Dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate) up to between 66.2 and 67.8% of the total Hg when the roots with iron plaque (Fe70) were incubated with the combination of 5 μmol L−1 of HgCl2 and 5 μmol L−1 of Na2SeO3 for an hour. After 3 days, the content of Hg in the iron plaque decreased to 6.3–33.9%, indicating that part of the inorganic Hg adsorbed by the iron plaque could be reabsorbed and used. Besides that, the iron plaque allowed the Hg to stay longer in the iron plaque, which hindered the transfer of Hg to the shoot significantly. Hg adsorbed in the iron plaque can be desorbed by low-molecular-weight organic acids, which was equivalent to desorption of Hg from ferric hydroxide oxides. Hg adsorbed on the iron plaque can be moved back to the rest of the plant. These results suggest that the iron plaque and Se in the root surface might play a role as "physical buffer" in the absorption and transfer of Hg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of different concentrations of phosphorus (P) on absorption and transfer of selenium (Se) in rice seedlings were studied by hydroponics experiment. The interaction between iron plaque and phosphorus on absorption and transport of selenium were studied by adding a large amount of iron-induced iron plaque, to provide a theoretical basis for rational application of phosphate fertilizer in the selenium bio-strengthening process of rice. The results showed that phosphorus deficiency may result in the formation of reddish brown iron oxide coating on the root surface of rice. The formation of root iron plaque of rice is related to concentration of phosphorus, and low concentration of phosphorus (0–1.5 mmol L−1) can increase the amount of root iron plaque. Compared P deficiency culture and 2 mmol L−1 P culture, Se content in the shoots and roots decreased by 76 and 47%, respectively. Addition of Fe2+ significantly reduced biomass of shoot and had no significant effect on the roots; when the P concentration increased from 0.1 to 0.3 mmol L−1, transfer coefficient of Se decreased. Therefore, both root iron plaques induced by phosphorus deficiency and iron addition have a strong adsorption effect on selenium, which reduces the transport of selenium from the rice roots to the shoots. In the lower range of phosphorus concentration, low phosphorus can promote selenium content of rice shoot, while higher on the contrary. In the practice of rice production, proper management of phosphorus nutrient is of great significance to control selenium content in rice grain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study develops an approach that incorporates power aggregation operators with the evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS) method under linguistic neutrosophic situations to solve fuzzy multi-criteria group decision-making problems. Firstly, the existing operational laws and comparison methods of linguistic neutrosophic numbers (LNNs) are analysed. Secondly, the distance measurement between two LNNs is defined. Thirdly, the power-weighted averaging operator and the power-weighted geometric operator with LNNs are developed to support the decision makers' evaluation information. The models to derive the criteria weights are also constructed based on the proposed distance measurements. Finally, the EDAS method is extended to resolve group decision-making problems in the linguistic neutrosophic environment. An illustrative example of the property management company selection is given to verify the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Along with the surge in mobile data, dense small cell network has become an effective method to improve system capacity and spectrum efficiency. However, because more small cells are deployed, the interference among dense small cells exacerbates. It also makes frequent handover for mobile users (UEs), which brings a great deal of signaling overhead to the core network. In order to solve the problems of interference and frequent handover, a novel clustering scheme for dense small cell network is proposed in this paper. The scheme is based on the weighted graph. First, we present a dense small cell clustering model based on X2 interface to minimize core network signaling overhead. To improve the usability of the model, we model the system as an undirected weighted graph. Then we propose the maximum benefit merging algorithm to reduce the complexity. This method enables adjacent small cells to cooperate and form virtual cellular cluster according to handover statistics information. Then we select cluster head (CH) according to certain rule in each cluster. Cluster head acts as the mobility anchor, managing the handovers between cluster members. This can reduce core network signaling overhead and the interference among small cells effectively. Compared with the 3GPP handover algorithm, the proposed clustering model in this paper can reduce the signaling overhead more than 70%. The simulation results show that the proposed clustering model can effectively cluster the dense small cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cellular networks in 5G are tending to be heterogeneous and ultra-dense networks. The methods used in traditional hexagonal grid model are no more adaptive to the 5G heterogeneous cellular networks today, which are too idealized and inaccurate. A popular approach for analyzing heterogeneous cellular networks is using Poisson point process (PPP), which assumes that the deployment of base stations (BSs) is completely space random (CSR) and from which we can get a lower bound of the probability of coverage probability. However, geographical and human factors should be taken into account in reality. The BSs or mobile users may be clustered in crowded areas such as enterprises and shopping malls so that the space distribution based on PPP will be inaccurate. This motivates us to find a new approach to settle it. In this paper, we focus on using Poisson clustered process (PCP) to model ultra-dense 5G heterogeneous cellular networks which include macrocells, picocells and femtocells. First of all, a model of the locations of BSs based on Poisson clustered process (PCP) has been proposed, and the formation of clusters of the BSs has been discussed. Then the probability model of coverage and its three special cases using SINR have been derived, and the proposed model obeys to the cell selection mechanism based on instantaneous SINR. Finally, according to the proposed model, comparison and analysis of coverage probability using hexagonal grid model, PCP and PPP are done respectively. The numerical results show that using PCP can get higher coverage probability than using PPP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Zhejiang University: Science B is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The most prominent trait of wine lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is their capacity to cope with a hostile environment. However, wine-derived LAB may confer inherent probiotic properties that have not been explored. In this study, the antioxidant activities of 19 strains of Oenococcus oeni were measured in vitro. The results suggested that the antioxidative parameters were widely dispersed, irrespective of the evaluation methods used, which indicated that antioxidative properties depended on the strain and culture medium. The antioxidant mechanisms of O. oeni could be assigned to the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging ability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability, iron ion chelation (FE), glutathione system, ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), reduction activity (RA), inhibition of ascorbic oxidation (TAA), and linoleic acid oxidation (TLA) abilities. Moreover, most of the O. oeni strains exhibited good survival abilities at low pH values (pH 1.8), simulated intestine juice and bile salts (1 %), suggesting their good adaptation to gastrointestinal conditions and high bile resistance abilities. O. oeni SD-1e, SD-2gf, 31-DH, and SD-2d with promising potential probiotic characteristics were segregated by the principal component analysis (PCA). O. oeni strains likely serve as defensive agents in the intestinal microbial ecosystem and overcome exogenous and endogenous oxidative stress. Although further studies are needed to elucidate the multiple mechanisms involved, the study reported herein confirms the effectiveness of O. oeni in the defense against in vitro oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tunable Fano resonances in the gold rod-ring plasmonic nanocavities with strong coherent coupling are demonstrated by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. For one rod-one ring nanocavity, symmetry breaking activates the high-order plasmon modes in the ring and causes a Fano resonance with a dip in the extinction spectrum of the cavity by the coherent coupling between the bright rod mode and dark ring mode. The addition of a non-resonant rod introduces a second dark mode, which could be successively excited by the first dark ring mode, and produces double Fano resonances. By adjusting the rod number and configuration of the nanocavity, the extinction line shape can be controlled and the near-field distribution can be dramatically modified. An intriguing phenomenon of superposition beats in the plasmon damping process is revealed, which induces an energy swap between the rod and ring. The antenna effect of the resonant rod as well as the energy transfer and distribution in the nanocavities are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of robust yeast strains that can efficiently ferment lignocellulose-based feedstocks is one of the requirements for achieving economically feasible bioethanol production processes. With this goal, several genes have been identified as promising candidates to confer improved tolerance to S. cerevisiae. In most of the cases, however, the evaluation of the genetic modification was performed only in laboratory strains, that is, in strains that are known to be quite sensitive to various types of stresses. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of overexpressing genes encoding the transcription factor ( YAP1) and the mitochondrial NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase ( MCR1), either alone or in combination, in an already robust and xylose-consuming industrial strain of S. cerevisiae and evaluated the effect during the fermentation of undiluted and undetoxified spruce hydrolysate. Overexpression of either gene resulted in faster hexose catabolism, but no cumulative effect was observed with the simultaneous overexpression. The improved phenotype of MCR1 overexpression appeared to be related, at least in part, to a faster furaldehyde reduction capacity, indicating that this reductase may have a wider substrate range than previously reported. Unexpectedly a decreased xylose fermentation rate was also observed in YAP1 overexpressing strains and possible reasons behind this phenotype are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an era of economic globalization, the competition among wine businesses is likely to get tougher. Biotechnological innovation permeates the entire world and intensifies the severity of the competition of the wine industry. Moreover, modern consumers preferred individualized, tailored, and healthy and top quality wine products. Consequently, these two facts induce large gaps between wine production and wine consumption. Market-orientated yeast strains are presently being selected or developed for enhancing the core competitiveness of wine enterprises. Reasonable biological acidity is critical to warrant a high-quality wine. Many wild-type acidity adjustment yeast strains have been selected all over the world. Moreover, mutation breeding, metabolic engineering, genetic engineering, and protoplast fusion methods are used to construct new acidity adjustment yeast strains to meet the demands of the market. In this paper, strategies and concepts for strain selection or improvement methods were discussed, and many examples based upon selected studies involving acidity adjustment yeast strains were reviewed. Furthermore, the development of acidity adjustment yeast strains with minimized resource inputs, improved fermentation, and enological capabilities for an environmentally friendly production of healthy, top quality wine is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A modified envelope glycoprotein of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) containing an intact TM subunit, but lacking most of the gp120/SU subunit was transported and expressed on the membrane of COS-1 cells. However, this deleted glycoprotein, failed to be incorporated into the budding viral particles. This suggested that a particular domain(s) of the gp120/SU glycoprotein subunit could be required for envelope incorporation. To explore this possibilty, we constructed envelope genes containing specific domains of the SU protein in-frame with the TM subunit. Transient expression studies indicated that any envelope primary translation product containing one or more of the gp120/SU variable domains and the entire gp41/TM protein was transported and stably expressed on the cell surface. However, efficient proteolytic processing of these Env precursors into gp41, was not observed. The addition of more than 90% of the SU sequences into the deleted Env product, including the five variable domains, were insufficient to promote incorporation of this glycoprotein precursor into virions. These results suggest that the native conformation of the SU subunit is an essential requirement for the efficient incorporation of the Env complex into virons. The C1 domain of the SU glycoprotein subunit constitutes an important determinant that makes the envelope complex assembly-competent, but, by itself, it is not sufficient to drive this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider aspects of tree and one-loop behavior in a generic 4d EFT of massless scalars, fermions, and vectors, with a particular eye to the high-energy limit of the Standard Model EFT at operator dimensions 6 and 8. First, we classify the possible Lorentz structures of operators and the subset of these that can arise at tree-level in a weakly coupled UV completion, extending the tree/loop classification through dimension 8 using functional methods. Second, we investigate how operators contribute to tree and one-loop helicity amplitudes, exploring the impact of non-renormalization theorems through dimension 8. We further observe that many dimension 6 contributions to helicity amplitudes, including rational parts, vanish exactly at one-loop level. This suggests the impact of helicity selection rules extends beyond one loop in non-supersymmetric EFTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present experiment, a new metal–organic framework (MOF) containing Eu(III) of {[Eu(CA)(OA)0.5(H2O)2]·H2O}n (1, in which H2OA = oxalic acid and H2CA = chelidonic acid) has been generated by using the solvothermal reaction approach. The as-prepared Eu-MOF was investigated for the high sensitive detection performance for the p-nitroaniline, a harmful chemical in food and water. As a kind of luminescent sensor, the Eu-MOF reflects an obvious fluorescent quenching toward the p-nitroaniline, while other similar nitroaromatic compounds only show weak quenching effects. To relieve the stigma and mental disorders in syphilis patients, the dopamine content in cerebrospinal fluid was detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent detection kit after the compound treatment. In addition to this, the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was also implemented for the detection of the dopamine receptor relative expression levels in the striatum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]