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Digital transformation in the architecture industry encounters challenges such as data silos within design stages, between design and construction, and across the entire industry chain, including BIM and project management. This study introduces a pioneering approach for seamlessly integrating building information modeling (BIM) and product lifecycle management (PLM) within the management framework and collaborative workflows of architectural design and construction. The proposed methodology was implemented in two major projects, namely, the Wuhan Next-Generation Weather Radar Construction Project and the Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention Comprehensive Capacity Enhancement Project (Phase I), with the former being China's first end-to-end digitally integrated construction project. Compared with traditional projects, these implementations achieved improvements of 24.39% and 38.04%, respectively, in objective function values. The findings highlight the unique advantages of BIM–PLM integration in optimizing lifecycle management, enhancing cross-disciplinary, cross-enterprise, and cross-regional collaboration, improving project design efficiency and quality, and reducing costs and waste. This integration provides valuable insights into the digital advancement of the construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The survival rates of patients with stage IIB and IIC colon cancer are paradoxically inferior to that of patients with stage IIIA colon cancer. This study aimed to examine the oncological outcomes and investigate the factors that could affect the staging paradox among stage IIB, IIC, and IIIA colon cancers based on a 9-year cancer database. Methods: Patients with stage IIB (pT4aN0M0), IIC (pT4bN0M0), or IIIA (pT1-2N1M0) colon cancer were retrospectively selected from a prospectively maintained medical database from January 2011 to December 2019. Factors that might influence the staging paradox, including radicality, harvested lymph nodes, and chemotherapy administration, were examined. Results: A total of 282 patients (stage IIB, n = 59; stage IIC, n = 46; and stage IIIA, n = 177) were enrolled. Patients with stage IIB/C cancer demonstrated higher carcinoembryonic antigen levels, larger tumor size, more frequent tumor obstruction, and higher locoregional recurrence than those with stage IIIA cancer. With respect to 10-year locoregional recurrence-free survival and cancer-specific survival, patients with stage IIB and IIC cancers had significantly lower survival rates than did those with stage IIIA cancer (73.7% vs. 66.3% vs. 91.2%, P = 0.0003; 5.4% vs. 10.9% vs. 11.2%, P = 0.0023). The staging paradox persisted in patients who underwent R0 resection, had harvested lymph nodes ≥ 12, and received chemotherapy, as confirmed by multivariate regression analysis. Conclusions: Based on the inferior oncological outcomes and higher locoregional recurrence rate, this study highlighted the need for intensified cytotoxic chemotherapy specific to this recurrence pattern for patients with stage IIB/C colon cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consider a class of quasi-periodically forced logistic maps T × [ 0 , 1 ] ↺: (θ , x) ↦ (θ + ω , c (θ) x (1 − x)) (T = R / Z) , where ω is an irrational frequency and α(θ) is a specific bimodal function. We prove that under weak Liouvillean condition on frequency, the strange non-chaotic attractor occurs with negative Lyapunov exponent. This extends the result in [Bjerklov, CMP, 2009]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxide-supported metal single-atom catalysts (SACs) have exhibited excellent catalytic performance for water–gas shift (WGS) reaction. Here, we report the single-atom catalyst Pt1/FeOx exhibits excellent medium temperature catalytic performance for WGS reactions by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental results. The calculations indicate that H2O molecules are easily dissociated at oxygen vacancies, and the formed ⋆OH and ⋆O are adsorbed on Pt1 single atoms and the adjacent O atoms, respectively. After studying four possible reaction mechanisms, it is found that the optimal WGS reaction pathway is proceeded along the carboxyl mechanism (pathway III), in which the formation of ⋆COOH intermediates can promote the stability of Pt1/FeOx SAC and the easier occurrence of WGS reaction. The energy barrier of the rate-determining step during the entire reaction cycle is only 1.16 eV, showing the high activity for the medium temperature WGS reaction on Pt1/FeOx SAC, which was verified by experimental results. Moreover, the calculated turnover frequencies (TOFs) of CO2 and H2 formation on Pt1/FeOx at 610 K (337 °C) can reach up to 1.14 × 10−3 s−1·site−1 through carboxyl mechanism. In this work, we further expand the application potential of Pt1/FeOx SAC in WGS reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing highly sensitive optical thermometers is of great significance due to their capability to enable remote and non-contact temperature measurements, rendering them highly applicable in diverse and harsh environments. Herein we report a temperature-dependent phosphor of 0D metal halide hybrid by incorporating Bi3+ into the (MePPh3)2ZnCl4 matrix. Through Bi3+ doping, the initially non-luminescent (MePPh3)2ZnCl4 matrix exhibits a deep-blue emission centered at 453 nm, with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 5.71% and a Stokes shift of 75 nm at room temperature. Experimental characterization demonstrates that exciton-like luminescence of Bi3+ is mainly responsible for the blue emission. Single crystals of Bi3+-doped (MePPh3)2ZnCl4 show an unusual correlation between photoluminescence (PL) lifetime and temperature. Particularly, the dependence of luminescence lifetime on temperature is most remarkable in the temperature range of 80 to 100 K with an exceptional sensitivity up to 0.09 K−1, representing one of the best levels for thermometry based on PL decay lifetime. Our work not only provides a viable strategy for designing a novel, environmentally friendly, and stable blue emitter, but also paves the way for precise thermometric application at low temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we systematically investigate the general dark matter-electron interactions within the framework of effective field theories (EFTs). We consider both the non-relativistic (NR) EFT and the relativistic EFT descriptions of the interactions with the spin of dark matter (DM) up to one, i.e., the scalar (ϕ), fermion (χ), and vector (X) DM scenarios. We first collect the leading-order NR EFT operators describing the DM-electron interactions, and construct especially the NR operators for the vector DM case. Next, we consider all possible leading-order relativistic EFT operators including those with a photon field and perform the NR reduction to match them onto the NR EFT. Then we rederive the DM-bound-electron scattering rate within the NR EFT framework and find that the matrix element squared, which is the key input that encodes the DM and atomic information, can be compactly decomposed into three terms. Each term is a product of a DM response function (a0,1,2), which is essentially a factor of Wilson coefficients squared, and its corresponding generalized atomic response function W ~ 0 , 1 , 2 . Lastly, we employ the electron recoil data from the DM direct detection experiments (including XENON10, XENON1T, and PandaX-4T) to constrain all the non-relativistic and relativistic operators in all three DM scenarios. We set strong bounds on the DM-electron interactions in the sub-GeV region. Particularly, we find that the latest PandaX-4T S2-only data provide stringent constraints on dark matter with a mass greater than approximately 20 MeV, surpassing those from the previous XENON10 and XENON1T experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corticosterone (CORT) damages hippocampal neurons as well as induces neuroinflammation. The tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolite itaconate has an anti-inflammatory role. Necroptosis is a form of programmed cell death, also known as inflammatory cell death. Menin is a multifunctional scaffold protein, which deficiency aggravates neuroinflammation. In this study, we explored whether itaconate inhibits CORT-induced neuroinflammation as well as necroptosis and further investigated the mediatory role of Menin in this protective effect of itaconate by using an exposure of CORT to HT22 cells (a hippocampal neuronal cell line). The viability of HT22 cells was examined by the cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8). The morphology of HT22 cells was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The expressions of necroptosis-related proteins (p-RIP1/RIP1, p-RIP3/RIP3, and p-MLKL/MLKL) were evaluated by western blotting. The contents of inflammatory factors were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Our results showed that CORT increases the contents of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α) as well as decreases the contents of anti-inflammatory factors (IL-4, IL-10) in HT22 cells. We also found that CORT increases the expressions of necroptosis-related proteins (p-RIP1/RIP1, p-RIP3/RIP3, and p-MLKL/MLKL) and decreases the cell viability in HT22 cells, indicating that CORT induces necroptosis in HT22 cells. Itaconate improves CORT-induced neuroinflammation and necroptosis. Furthermore, itaconate upregulates the expression of Menin in CORT-exposed HT22 cells. Importantly, silencing Menin abolishes the antagonistic effect of itaconate on CORT-induced necroptosis and neuroinflammation. In brief, these results indicated that itaconate protects HT22 cells against CORT-induced neuroinflammation and necroptosis via upregulating Menin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a severe non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Life expectancy has improved with rituximab, but cause-specific mortality data is lacking. Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to study 27,449 individuals aged 20–74 years diagnosed with primary DLBCL who received chemotherapy between 2000 and 2019, we calculated standardized mortality rate (SMR) and excess absolute risk (EAR) and examined the connection between age, sex, time after diagnosis, and cause of death. Based on 12,205 deaths, 68.7% were due to lymphoma, 20.1% non-cancer causes, and 11.2% other cancers. Non-cancer mortality rates (SMR 1.2; EAR, 21.5) increased with DLBCL compared to the general population. The leading non-cancer death causes were cardiovascular (EAR, 22.6; SMR, 1.6) and infectious (EAR, 9.0; SMR, 2.9) diseases with DLBCL. Risks for non-cancer death and solid neoplasms are highest within the first diagnosis year, then decrease. Among socioeconomic factors, being white, being married, and having a higher income were favorable factors for reducing non-cancer mortality. To improve survival, close surveillance, assessment of risk factors, and early intervention are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problem that the asset's fluctuation influences the borrower's repayment ability, a loan with a new and flexible repayment method is designed, which depends on the asset value of the borrower. The repayment method can reduce the loan default probability, but it causes the uncertainty of the pay off time. Because the repayment term is related to the regular repayment amount in this method, a boundary for the regular repayment amount is set up in order to avoid too long repayment term. This will balance the benefit of borrowers and lenders and improve the applicability of this method. By establishing a mathematical model of the residual value of the loan, this model can be transformed into an initial-boundary problem of a partial differential equation. The analytic solution and the expected time to pay off the loan are obtained. Finally, numerical analysis are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection have a poor prognosis, underlying mechanism remains unclear. NOTCH mutations are frequent in CLL and associated with disease progression and drug resistance. It is also reported to be associated with hepatitis infection in lymphoid malignancies. In order to investigate the relation between the NOTCH pathway and HBV-associated CLL, we studied 98 previously untreated HBV-positive CLL patients and 244 HBV-negative CLL. NOTCH mutations were more frequent in HBV-positive CLL subgroup (p = 0.033). By survival analysis, HBV infection was associated with disease progression and poor survival (p = 0.0099 for overall survival (OS) and p = 0.0446 for time-to-treatment (TTT)). Any lesions of the NOTCH pathway (NOTCH1, NOTCH2, and SPEN) aggravated prognosis. In multivariate analysis, NOTCH mutation retained an independent significance for HBV-infected patients (p = 0.016 for OS and p = 0.023 for TTT). However, HBV positive with NOTCH unmutated had no statistical difference in prognosis compared with HBV-negative patients (p = 0.1706 for OS and p = 0.2387 for TTT), which indicated that NOTCH pathway mutation contributed to inferior prognosis in HBV-infected CLL. In conclusion, a cohort of CLL patients with HBV positive displayed a worse clinical outcome and the status of the NOTCH signaling pathway might play a crucial role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group (IELSG) score is widely used in clinical practice to stratify the risk of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) patients. Our study aims to confirm and improve the IELSG score in PCNSL patients based on Chinese populations. Materials and methods: A total of 79 PCNSL patients were retrospectively analyzed. All patients treated with high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX)-based therapy collected clinical data. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal cut-off values for the factors in IELSG score. Progression of disease (POD) at the most landmark time point was determine by Epanechnikov kernel and the area under the ROC curve (AUROC). Kaplan–Meier and multivariable regression methods were used to analyze survival data. Nomogram was generated for calculating the weight of each selected factor. Results: The traditional IELSG score had no significant difference on OS and PFS except ECOG ≥ 2 and could not stratify the risk groups in PCNSL. The improved IELSG scoring system was established, which incorporated age ≥ 54 years, ECOG ≥ 2, deep brain structure, elevated CSF protein, and LDH/ULN > 0.75. On the other hand, POD18 was identified as a new powerful prognostic factor for PCNSL. In multivariate analysis, POD18 and the improved IELSG scoring system were independent prognostic factors for OS. Nomogram including the two significant variables showed the best performance (C-index = 0.828). Conclusions: In this study, the IELSG score was improved and a new prognostic indicator POD18 was incorporated to construct a nomogram prognostic model, thereby further improving the predictive ability of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral health has long been a central topic among public concern, so various products were designed to keep oral health, among these, antibiotic products with whitening effect are of promising prospects. Meanwhile, some products may destroy the enamel structure, resulting in plaque adhesion and mucosal damage. Piezoelectric material is one of the candidates carrying both advantages. This study introduces the application of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) electret with piezoelectric catalytic effect in tooth whitening and antibiosis, and proposes a new toothbrush design. PTFE piezoelectric electret with sonocatalytic activity can be obtained by ultrasonic treatment. Then PTFE was submitted to characterization, including piezoelectric coefficient, piezoelectric catalytic rate, cytotoxicity, antibiosis and tooth whitening effect. PTFE piezoelectric electret was successfully obtained after ultrasonic treatment, and it showed excellent piezoelectric catalytic rate and biocompatibility. After 20 h of action, the stained teeth were successfully bleached, and PTFE showed good antibacterial performance against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in 30 min. Only a low frequency ultrasonic power is enough to activate PTFE and produce ROS for tooth whitening and anti-bacteria, which produce prominent prospect for its application in electrical toothbrush. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to explore the significance and prognostic value of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-(OH) D) deficiency in peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs). One hundred fifty-six patients of newly diagnosed PTCLs were enrolled in the study. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to determine independent risk factors for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted, and corresponding areas under the curve (AUC) were calculated to estimate the accuracy of International Prognostic Index (IPI) plus 25-(OH) D deficiency and Prognostic Index for T-cell lymphoma (PIT) plus 25-(OH) D deficiency respectively in PTCL risk stratification. Our results showed that the 25-(OH) D deficiency was an independent inferior prognostic factor for both PFS (P = 0.0019) and OS (P = 0.005) for PTCLs, especially for AITL and PTCL-not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS). Additionally, adding 25-(OH) D deficiency to PIT indeed has a superior prognostic significance than PIT alone for PFS (P = 0.043) and OS (P = 0.036). Multivariate COX regression analysis revealed that PIT 2‒4, albumin (ALB) ≤ 35 g/L, and 25-(OH) D deficiency were regarded as independent risk factors of PFS and OS. Our results showed that 25-(OH) D deficiency was associated with inferior survival outcome of PTCLs, especially for AITL and PTCL-NOS. PIT plus 25-(OH) D deficiency could better indicate the prognosis for PFS and OS of PTCLs than PIT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce the effective field theory of two different light dark particles interacting with the standard model (SM) light states in a single vertex, termed dark sector effective field theory (DSEFT). We focus on the new light particles with spin up to 1 and being real in essence, namely, new real scalars ϕ and S, Majorana fermions χ and ψ, and real vectors Xμ and Vμ. In the framework of low energy effective field theory with QED and QCD symmetry, the DSEFT can be classified into six categories, including the scalar-scalar-SM (ϕS-SM), fermion-fermion-SM (χψ-SM), vector-vector-SM (XV-SM), scalar-fermion-SM (ϕχ-SM), scalar-vector-SM (ϕX-SM), and fermion-vector-SM (χX-SM) cases. For each case, we construct the effective operator basis up to canonical dimension 7, which will cover most interesting phenomenology at low energy. As a phenomenological example, we investigate the longstanding neutron lifetime anomaly through the neutron dark decay modes n → χϕ or χX from the effective interactions in the fermion-scalar-SM or fermion-vector-SM case. When treating the light fermion as a dark matter candidate, we also explore the constraints from DM-neutron annihilation signal at Super-Kamiokande. We find the neutron dark decay in each scenario can accommodate the anomaly, at the same time, without contradicting with the Super-Kamiokande limit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yuhuang hydrothermal field (YHF) is located between the Indomed and Gallieni fracture zones near the top of the off-axis slope on the south rift wall of Segment 29 on the ultraslow Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR). Previous studies have shown that sulfides in the YHF formed during different mineralization episodes and the YHF has the greatest potential for the formation of large-scale seafloor massive sulfide deposits. However, the sulfide chronology and hydrothermal activity of the YHF remain poorly constrained. In this study, mineralogical analyses and 230Th/U dating were performed. Hydrothermal activity may start about (35.9 ± 2.3) ka from the southwest part of the YHF and may cease about (708 ± 81) a ago from the northeast part of the YHF. The 74 nonzero chronological data from hydrothermal sulfide samples provide the first quantitative characterization of the spatial and temporal history along the SWIR. Hydrothermal activity in the SWIR has been relatively active over the past 20 ka. In contrast, between 40 ka and 100 ka, hydrothermal activity was relatively infrequently and short in duration. The maximum activity occurred at 15–11 ka, 9–7 ka, 6–0.2 ka. There was a slight positive correlation between the maximal age and estimated surface area or estimated tonnage. The minimum mass accumulation rate of YHF is about 278 t/a, which is higher than most HFs related to ultramafic systems. The ultraslow spreading SWIR has the greatest potential to form large-scale seafloor massive sulfides (SMS) deposits. The results of this study provide new insights into the metallogenic mechanism of hydrothermal sulfides along ultraslow-spreading ridges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plane geometry design of the cable-net structure is the basis for the form-finding and structural design. The loop-free single-layer cable-net structure is a new cable-net scheme, but due to its special and complex shape, it is difficult to determine its plane geometry according to architectural requirements. In this paper, the moving support node method is proposed, which can quickly get the plane geometry of a loop-free single-layer cable-net structure. The form-finding is proceeded based on the existing small elastic modulus method. There are two constraints when using the moving support node method. One is that the projection of all cables is straight line, and the other is that the distance between the two cables of each support node and the inner boundary of the target is equal. The aim is to minimize the sum of the distances from all cables to the inner boundary of the target. Using the plane geometry control parameters and the plane coordinates of the support nodes as decision variables, the plane geometry closest to the target inner and outer boundaries is get through optimization analysis. According to the derivation of the formula, the plane projection shape of a loop-free single-layer cable-net structure is mainly related to three parameters, including the number of supports, the difference between the node numbers of the supports at both ends of each cable, and the target curve equations of the inner and outer boundaries. Finally, taking the roof structure of Linyi Olympic Stadium as an instance, the feasibility of the plane geometry design method of the loop-free single-layer cable-net structures based on the moving support node method is verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (EBV+ DLBCL-NOS), is an EBV-positive clonal B-cell lymphoid proliferation and circulating EBV-DNA is a great indicator for prognosis among EBV associated disease. In this retrospective study, we report 66 EBV+ DLBCL cases among 2137 DLBCL-NOS cases diagnosed from 2013 to 2021 (prevalence of 6.0%). After a median follow-up of 27 months, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) at 2 years were 39.5% ± 6.2% and 53.6% ± 6.4%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that only the biomarker of the positivity of post treatment EBV-DNA had a borderline correlation with shorter PFS and OS (PFS: P = 0.053; OS: P = 0.065). Patients were divided into three subgroups according to dynamic changes of EBV-DNA status: EBV-DNA persistently negative group, EBV-DNA persistently positive group, and EBV-DNA transformed from positive to negative group; among the three groups, patients of the persistently positive group had worst PFS and OS (P = 0.0527 and P = 0.0139, respectively). Decline in EBV copies correlated significantly with treatment response as well. In conclusion, circulating EBV-DNA level played a vital role in prognostic and monitoring marker for EBV+ DLBCL-NOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tianxiu hydrothermal field (TXHF) located on Carlsberg Ridge is one of the few active ultramafic-hosted venting systems known in the Indian Ocean. Despite numerous investigations, there is limited understanding of its sulfide structure morphology, and the factors controlling the formation of TXHF are poorly understood. In this study, we conducted detailed seafloor mapping using visual data obtained by dives using the human-occupied vehicle (HOV) Jiaolong. The TXHF is found to be an active, off-axis, ultramafic-hosted, high-temperature hydrothermal area in which serpentine peridotite is exposed. Two main hydrothermal sites were identified, i.e., P and Y, both of which feature a complex of chimneys and beehive diffusers constituting a "chimney jungle" and isolated large steep-sided structures developed on flat-lying sulfide mounds. In addition, some sporadic inactive chimneys and outcrops of hydrothermal deposits were noted. The chimneys are rich in Fe and Zn sulfide, and lack the central fluid channel formed by focused high-temperature fluid flow. Hydrothermal venting at TXHF is likely related to low-angle detachment faults that focus and transport hydrothermal fluids away from a heat source along the valley wall. Our results complement and expand upon previous works concerning sulfide chimney morphology and their corresponding mineral paragenesis in ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal systems in the Indian Ocean and further our understanding of modern seafloor hydrothermal systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new corporate bond pricing model with credit migration risk is proposed. This model sets different thresholds for the rising or falling of credit ratings, which forms a buffer zone that could reduce the frequency of credit rating changes. Mathematically, this model is a system of partial differential equations with overlapping area. The existence, uniqueness, regularity and asymptotic behavior of the solution are obtained. Furthermore, a numerical scheme and its stability, convergence and accuracy are discussed in detail. Calibration and analysis of the parameters are also suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical conversion of CO2 into valuable hydrocarbon fuel is one of the key steps in solving carbon emission and energy issue. Herein, we report a non-noble metal catalyst, nickel single-atom catalyst (SAC) of Ni1/UiO-66-NH2, with high stability and selectivity for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CH4. Based on ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations, the CO2 molecule is at first reduced into when stably adsorbed on a Ni single atom with the bidentate coordination mode. To evaluate its activity and selectivity for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to different products (HCOOH, CO, CH3OH, and CH4) on Ni1/UiO-66-NH2, we have used density functional theory (DFT) to study different reaction pathways. The results show that CH4 is generated preferentially on Ni1/UiO-66-NH2 and the calculated limiting potential is as low as −0.24 V. Moreover, the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction is unfavorable at the activation site of Ni1/UiO-66-NH2 owing to the higher limiting potential of −0.56 V. Furthermore, the change of Ni single atom valence state plays an important role in promoting CO2 reduction to CH4. This work provides a theoretical foundation for further experimental studies and practical applications of metal-organic framework (UiO-66)-based SAC electrocatalysts with high activity and selectivity for the CO2 reduction reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive methylglyoxal (MG), which is produced by plants in response to biotic or abiotic stress, could be removed by the glyoxalase system. Glyoxalase I is the main component of the glyoxalase system, and it plays an important role in conferring abiotic stress tolerance of plants. In this study, glyoxalase I activity of different daylily (Hemerocallis spp.) varieties was measured and compared, showing that glyoxalase I activity was positively correlated with salt tolerance in daylily. In addition, a putative glyoxalase I gene (HfGlX I-1) of daylily was cloned and introduced to tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana). Results showed that the glyoxalase I activity of transgenic plants was higher than that of wild-type plants, indicating that HfGlX I-1 served as glyoxalase I. Furthermore, transgenic tobacco showed tolerance to abiotic stress, including drought, high concentrations of sodium chloride and zinc chloride. Our results could establish the potential selection system of salt-tolerant daylily and provide a molecular tool to modify the biotic tolerance of ornamental plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymetallic sulfides present in mid-ocean ridges (MORs) have become important strategic resources for humans, and a scientific metallogenic model is necessary for the investigation and exploration of these resources. Compared to fast- and slow-spreading MORs, ultraslow-spreading MORs show substantial differences in magma supply, tectonic activity, and oceanic crust structures. However, information on hydrothermal circulation and a metallogenic model related to sulfides along the ultraslow-spreading ridges is still limited, which hinders further exploration of these resources. In this study, the distribution of hydrothermal activities, as well as the characteristics of the structures, heat sources, fluid pathways, host rock types, fluid properties, and sulfide assemblages in typical hydrothermal fields along the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR), have been studied. It is concluded that the hydrothermal systems along the SWIR can be categorized into three types, including local enhanced magma-controlled, one-way detachment/high-angle large-offset fault-controlled, and flip-flop detachment-controlled types, which are further categorized into five subtypes based on their distinct geological backgrounds. Herein, we present a sulfide metallogenic model called Local Enhanced Heat Supply-Deep Faults (eHeat-dFault) for the SWIR. The overall spreading rate remains almost constant (14–18 mm/year), while the magma supply is heterogeneous in the segment scale along the SWIR. Over the past two decades, various hydrothermal systems and sulfide deposits have been identified along the SWIR. A deep magma chamber (4–9 km) is developed in the ridge segment with sufficient magma supply owing to the local enhanced magma supply, while long-lived active deep detachment faults (up to 13 km) with associated metallogenic belts are developed in ridge segments with poor magma supply. Hence, the ultraslow-spreading MORs fulfill the necessary conditions of a sustained heat source and stable hydrothermal pathway for the formation of large-scale polymetallic sulfide deposits. The number of hydrothermal fields detected in the investigation area is 2–3 times that predicted by the traditional Spreading Rate-Magma Flux model, demonstrating its significant endowment for sulfide resources. A balance between magma supply and faulting may influence the type and depth of hydrothermal circulation, the frequency of hydrothermal activity along the axis, and the scale of sulfide deposits. Spreading rate was previously believed to control heat sources, magma supply, and tectonic processes. However, for the SWIR, we suggest that local enhanced heat supply and deep detachment faults have a greater influence than the spreading rate on hydrothermal circulation and sulfide mineralization. The eHeat-dFault sulfide metallogenic model proposed herein could provide guidance for further exploration and research on polymetallic sulfides in ultraslow-spreading SWIR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism disorders promote the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), yet the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we identify tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21), a class IV TRIM family member, as a pivotal regulator of hepatic metabolism in T2DM for the first time. Bioinformatic analysis suggests that TRIM21 expression is significantly reduced in T2DM patients. Intriguingly, in a mouse model of obese diabetes, TRIM21 expression is predominantly reduced in the liver rather than in other metabolic organs. It is further demonstrated that hepatic overexpression of TRIM21 significantly ameliorates glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and dyslipidemia in obese diabetic mice. In contrast, the knockdown of TRIM21 promotes glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and triglyceride accumulation. Mechanistically, both phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PEPCK1) and fatty acid synthase (FASN) are the hepatic targets of TRIM21. We revealed that TRIM21 promotes the degradation of PEPCK1 and FASN through a direct protein–protein interaction mediated K48-linked ubiquitination. Notably, overexpression of PEPCK1 and FASN essentially abolished the beneficial effects achieved by TRIM21 overexpression in obese diabetic mice. Overall, our data demonstrate that TRIM21 is a novel regulator of hepatic metabolic disorder, and suggest TRIM21 as a promising therapeutic target for T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of low T3 syndrome in follicular lymphoma (FL). A total of 221 FL patients with detailed serum thyroid hormone levels and other complete clinical data were enrolled. Baseline features associated with low T3 syndrome were analyzed and balanced by propensity score matching. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to determine independent risk factors for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to assess the predictive accuracy of FL international prognostic index FLIPI-1/FLIPI-2 and low T3 syndrome. A total of 22 patients (10.0%) had low T3 syndrome at diagnosis, which was associated with poor PFS and OS in the rituximab era. It is an independent prognostic factor for PFS and OS. Low T3 syndrome and FLIPI-1/FLIPI-2 significantly increased the AUC of PFS and OS compared to FLIPI-1/FLIPI-2 alone. Low T3 is a risk factor for POD24. In conclusion, low T3 syndrome may be a good candidate for predicting the prognosis of CLL in future clinical practice. Our study demonstrates that low T3 syndrome is associated with poorer survival outcomes in FL patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL) is an aggressive and heterogeneous disease. With standard treatment containing pegaspargase-based regimen, patients who were resistant to pegaspargase have rapidly disease progression and worse prognosis. Thus, there is an urgent requirement for constructing ENKTL cell line model to explore the mechanism of pegaspargase resistance and new molecular targeted drugs to improve prognosis. We report here on the establishment of a novel ENKTL cell line, NK-NJ. The cells were isolated from a 52-year-old Chinese man who was diagnosed with relapse/refractory (R/R) ENKTL and grow steadily in vitro. The NK-NJ cells express CD56, CD2, CD45RA with no expression of CD3, CD16, CD57, CD4, CD8, CD26, CD28, CD5, TCR, CD45RO and CD161 and showed a TCR gene unrearrangement, which suggested an origin in the NK-lineage but not T-lineage. The immunophenotypes of NK-NJ cells were consistent with the patient. Moreover, short tandem repeat (STR) profiling results also demonstrated that NK-NJ originated from the patient. NK-NJ showed complex karyotype. Target sequencing method indicated that the main mutation genes of the first-time disease progression of lymph nodal were the same as main mutation genes of the primary nasal lesions. Moreover, NK-NJ was recognized as latency I with EBER positivity and carried high EBV-DNA viral load. The chemosensitivity results suggested synthetic lethality of epigenetic drugs and PD-1 inhibitor for ENKTL patients by reasons of epigenetic drugs promoting PD-L1 expression. In conclusion, we established a new ENKTL cell line in the era of new targeted drugs. We hope that this cell line can help to further understand underlying pathogenesis of ENKTL especially for advanced ENKTL and the functional role of EBV in ENKTL pathogenetic process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the prognostic significance of peripheral blood absolute monocyte count (AMC) and lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, we retrospectively analyzed 316 newly diagnosed patients with MALT lymphoma. The best cut-off value of AMC was 0.6 × 109/L and LMR was 1.8 by x-tile according to progression-free survival (PFS). Multivariate analysis showed that MALT-IPI (p < 0.001), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) (p = 0.010), and LMR (p = 0.003) have independent prognostic significance for PFS, MALT-International Prognostic Index (MALT-IPI) (p = 0.018), β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) (p = 0.015), and LMR (p = 0.029) predicted poor overall survival (OS). Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare the prognostic prediction capability of MALT-IPI and MALT-IPI-M (MALT-IPI combined with LMR); area under the curves (AUCs) for MALT-IPI-M were larger than that for MALT-IPI both PFS (0.682 vs 0.654) and OS (0.804 vs 0.788). Our results indicated that that low level LMR at diagnosis was associated with inferior prognosis. The new prognostic index, MALT-IPI-M, enabled the risk stratification capability for MALT lymphoma survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to determine if robotic surgery can reproduce the technical advantages and oncologic outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of locally advanced colorectal cancer invading the urinary bladder. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the prospectively maintained data of patients with locally advanced colorectal cancer invading the urinary bladder undergoing robotic or laparoscopic surgery between June 2006 and November 2020. Clinicopathologic features, surgical outcomes, and oncologic efficacy were compared between patient groups of robotic or laparoscopic surgery. All patients underwent surgery with the intent of R0 resection for the primary tumor. Major surgical complications were defined as Clavien–Dindo grade ≥ III. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors. Results: A total of 41 patients (M:F = 32:9; median age: 63 [42–88] years) were analysed; 32 underwent laparoscopic surgery and 9 underwent robotic surgery. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in baseline demographic and clinicopathologic features. There were no significant differences in terms of mean operative time (353.24 vs. 387.33 min), mean blood loss (315.00 vs. 171.11 mL), mean number of lymph nodes harvested (27.16 vs. 23.50), R0 resection (89.7 vs. 66.7%), conversion (12.5 vs. 11.1%), major complication rate (9.4 vs. 22.2%), mean time to flatus passage (4.8 vs. 4.1 days), mean postoperative length of hospital stay (18.9 vs. 19.8 days), 5-year disease-free survival rate (64.6 vs. 62.5%) and overall survival rate (75.3 vs. 83.3%). Multivariate analysis showed that R1 resection was the only independent prognostic factor for reduced disease-free survival (hazard ratio 21.386; 95% confidence interval 1.991–229.723; p = 0.0115). Conclusions: Robotic surgery can reproduce the technical advantages and oncologic outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of locally advanced colorectal cancer invading the urinary bladder. However, larger studies are mandatory to clarify the role of robotic surgery in such a scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manganese oxalate is a low-cost and high-capacity anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, its performance is limited by the low conductivity and the volume change during charge/discharge processes. Herein, polymorphic manganese oxalates were controllably synthesized by a solvothermal process. Monoclinic α-MnC2O4·2H2O with space group C2/c can be prepared with the reactant concentration below 0.2 mol·L−1, while orthonormal MnC2O4·3H2O with space group Pcaa can be prepared with the reactant concentration above 0.2 mol·L−1. After removing crystal water, MnC2O4·2H2O and MnC2O4·3H2O are transformed into orthonormal MnC2O4. When the reactant concentration increases from 0.1 to 0.3 mol·L−1, manganese oxalate changes from rods to cubes, and its specific surface area and pore volume first increase and then decrease. Mesoporous MnC2O4 rod prepared at 0.2 mol·L−1 has a larger specific surface area and pore volume. This rod-like sample can maintain 920 and 790 mAh·g−1 after 300 cycles 2 and 5 A·g−1, respectively, exhibiting higher specific capacity, better cycle stability, and better rate performance. Therefore, the prepared mesoporous MnC2O4 rod can potentially apply in high-energy–density LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hierarchical hollow-structured magnetic—dielectric materials are considered to be promising and competitive functional absorbers for microwave absorption (MA). Herein, a hierarchical hollow hydrangea multicomponent metal oxides/metal-carbon was designed and successfully produced via a facile self-assembly method and calcination process. Adequate magnetic NiO and Ni nanoparticles were suspended within the hollow hydrangea-like nitrogen-doped carbon matrix (HH N-NiO/Ni/C), constructing a unique hierarchical hollow structured multicomponent magnetic—dielectric MA composite. The annealing temperature and oxidation time were carefully regulated to investigate the complex permittivity and permeability. HH N-NiO/Ni/C delivers exceptional MA properties with maximum reflection loss of −45.8 dB at 1.7 mm thickness and displays a wide effective absorption frequency range of 5.6 GHz. The superior MA performance can be attributed to the following aspects: (1) The hierarchical hollow multicomponent structure offers plentiful of heterojunction interfaces triggering interfacial polarization; (2) nitrogen doped-carbon (N-C) facilitates the conductive loss by the unique electron migration path in the graphitized C and NiO/Ni; (3) magnetic NiO/Ni nanoparticles homogeneously dispersed within N-C form extensive C skeleton and strengthen the magnetic response ability; (4) hierarchical hollow wrinkled structures possess a large interspace and heterogeneous interface improving polarization loss and enhancing multireflection process and the unique structure satisfies magnetic and dielectric loss simultaneously resulting from synergistic effects of different components within the composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mounting evidence supports the idea that transcriptional patterns serve as more specific identifiers of active enhancers than histone marks; however, the optimal strategy to identify active enhancers both experimentally and computationally has not been determined. Here, we compared 13 genome-wide RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) assays in K562 cells and show that nuclear run-on followed by cap-selection assay (GRO/PRO-cap) has advantages in enhancer RNA detection and active enhancer identification. We also introduce a tool, peak identifier for nascent transcript starts (PINTS), to identify active promoters and enhancers genome wide and pinpoint the precise location of 5′ transcription start sites. Finally, we compiled a comprehensive enhancer candidate compendium based on the detected enhancer RNA (eRNA) transcription start sites (TSSs) available in 120 cell and tissue types, which can be accessed at https://pints.yulab.org. With knowledge of the best available assays and pipelines, this large-scale annotation of candidate enhancers will pave the way for selection and characterization of their functions in a time- and labor-efficient manner. Experimental and computational methods to detect enhancer RNAs are benchmarked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the mechanisms underlying the proliferative inhibition of Chinese herbal medicine Kang-Ai injection (KAI) in gastric cancer cells. Methods: Gastric cancer cell lines MGC803 and BGC823 were treated by 0, 0.3%, 1%, 3% and 10% KAI for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. The cell proliferation was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The apoptosis and cell cycle were evaluated by flow cytometry. Interleukin (IL)-6 mRNA and protein expression levels were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The protein expression levels of cyclin A, cyclin E, cyclin B1, cyclin D1, p21, retinoblastoma (RB), protein kinase B (AKT), extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 and STAT3 were detected by Western blot. Results: KAI inhibited the proliferation of MGC803 and BGC823 gastric cancer cells in dose- and time-dependent manner. After treated with KAI for 48 h, the proportion of G1 phase was increased, expression level of cyclin D1 and phosphorylation-RB were down-regulated, whereas the expression of p21 was up-regulated (all P<0.01). Furthermore, 48-h treatment with KAI decreased the phosphorylation level of STAT3, inhibited the mRNA and protein expressions of IL-6 (all P<0.01). IL-6 at dose of 10 ng/mL significantly attenuated the proliferative effect of both 3% and 10% KAI, and recovered KAI-inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and cyclin D1 expression level (all P<0.01). Conclusion: KAI exerted an anti-proliferative function by inhibiting IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway followed by the induction of G1 phase arrest in gastric cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum nonlocality is a kind of significant quantum correlation that is stronger than quantum entanglement and EPR steering. The standard tripartite nonlocality can be detected by the violation of the Mermin inequality. By using local filtering operations, we give a tight upper bound on the maximal expected value of the Mermin operators. By detailed examples we show that the hidden standard nonlocality can be revealed by local filtering which can enhance the robustness of the noised entangled states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gradient descent approach is the key ingredient in variational quantum algorithms and machine learning tasks, which is an optimization algorithm for finding a local minimum of an objective function. The quantum versions of gradient descent have been investigated and implemented in calculating molecular ground states and optimizing polynomial functions. Based on the quantum gradient descent algorithm and Choi-Jamiolkowski isomorphism, we present approaches to simulate efficiently the nonequilibrium steady states of Markovian open quantum many-body systems. Two strategies are developed to evaluate the expectation values of physical observables on the nonequilibrium steady states. Moreover, we adapt the quantum gradient descent algorithm to solve linear algebra problems including linear systems of equations and matrix-vector multiplications, by converting these algebraic problems into the simulations of closed quantum systems with well-defined Hamiltonians. Detailed examples are given to test numerically the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms for the dissipative quantum transverse Ising models and matrix-vector multiplications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) are promising candidates for sodium ion battery anode materials because of their high theoretical capacity and earth abundance. Similar to many other P-based conversion type electrodes, TMPs suffer from large volumetric expansion upon cycling and thus quick performance fading. Moreover, TMPs are easily oxidized in air, resulting in a surface phosphate layer that not only decreases the electric conductivity but also hinders the Na ion transport. In this work, we present a general electrode design that overcomes these two major challenges facing TMPs. Using metal hydroxide and glucose as precursors, we show that the metal hydroxide can be converted into phosphide whereas the glucose simultaneously decomposes and forms carbon shell on the phosphide particles under a plasma ambient. Ni2P@C core shell structures as a proof-of-concept are designed and synthesized. The in situ formed carbon shell protects the Ni2P from oxidation. Moreover, the high-energy plasma introduces porosity and vacancies to the Ni2P and more importantly produces phosphorus-rich nickel phosphides (NiPx). As a result, the Ni2P@C electrodes achieve high sodium capacity (693 mAh·g−1 after 50 cycles at 100 mA·g−1) and excellent cyclability (steady capacity maintained for at least 1, 500 cycles). Our work provides a general strategy for enhancing the sodium storage performance of TMPs, and in general many other conversion type electrode materials that are unstable in air and suffer from large volumetric changes upon cycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The generalized eigenvalue (GE) problems are of particular importance in various areas of science engineering and machine learning. We present a variational quantum algorithm for finding the desired generalized eigenvalue of the GE problem, A | ψ ⟩ = λ B | ψ ⟩ , by choosing suitable loss functions. Our approach imposes the superposition of the trial state and the obtained eigenvectors with respect to the weighting matrix B on the Rayleigh quotient. Furthermore, both the values and derivatives of the loss functions can be calculated on near-term quantum devices with shallow quantum circuit. Finally, we propose a full quantum generalized eigensolver (FQGE) to calculate the minimal generalized eigenvalue with quantum gradient descent algorithm. As a demonstration of the principle, we numerically implement our algorithms to conduct a 2-qubit simulation and successfully find the generalized eigenvalues of the matrix pencil (A , B) . The numerically experimental result indicates that FQGE is robust under Gaussian noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, based on the framework of the single-period model, we establish an optimal control model for the inheriting period which allows inter-phase banking and borrowing of allowances under the cap-and-trade system. By considering the abatement control policy and the initial auction amount of allowances, we optimize the problem in two steps. The two models can then be expressed using the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equations. In the framework of viscosity solution, we prove that the value functions in two models are the unique viscosity solutions of the corresponding HJB equations. Finally, we analyze the properties of optimal policy by referring to numerical results and a comparison of the two models is presented. Our results show that under the same circumstances, allowing inter-phase banking and borrowing of allowances indeed reduces the company's abatement costs and has an incentive-based effect on the company's emission reductions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to evaluate the diagnostic performance of liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS) version 2017 and to explore potential ways to improve the efficacy. Methods: A total of 315 nodules were classified as LR-1 to LR-5, LR-M, and LR-TIV. New criteria were applied by adjusting the early washout onset (< 45 s) and the time of marked washout (within 3 min). Two subgroups of the LR-M nodules were recategorized as LR-5, respectively. The diagnostic performance was evaluated by calculating the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Results: By adjusting early washout onset to < 45 s, the LR-5 as a standard for diagnosing HCC had an improved sensitivity (74.1% vs. 56.1%, P < 0.001) without significant change in PPV (93.3% vs. 96.1%, P = 0.267), but the specificity was decreased (48.3% vs. 78.5%, P = 0.018). The LR-M as a standard for the diagnosis of non-HCC malignancies had an increase in specificity (89.2% vs. 66.2%, P < 0.001) but a decrease in sensitivity (31.5% vs. 68.4%, P = 0.023). After reclassification according to the time of marked washout, the sensitivity of the LR-5 increased (80% vs. 56.1%, P < 0.001) without a change in PPV (94.9% vs. 96.1%, P = 0.626) and specificity (80% vs. 78.5%, P = 0.879). For reclassified LR-M nodules, the specificity increased (87.5% versus 66.2%, P < 0.001) with a non-significant decrease in sensitivity (47.3% vs. 68.4%, P = 0.189). Conclusions: The CEUS LI-RADS showed good confidence in diagnosing HCC while tended to misdiagnose HCC as non-HCC malignancies. Adjusting the marked washout time within 3 min would reduce the possibility of this misdiagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are concerned with asymptotic stability of energy for plate equations with vanishing viscoelastic dampings and complementary frictional dampings, where the internal viscoelastic dampings are assumed to be time-dependent. In terms of the relaxation function θ (t) and the coefficient γ (t) of viscoelastic term, we obtain the decay rates for the plate equations' energies. Since we do not need the viscoelastic damping coefficient to be bigger than a fixed positive number, which is required in previous investigations of the asymptotic stability of the plate equations' energies, our decay theorems extend and improve essentially the existing decay results for the plate equations in both viscoelastic damping case and mixed-type damping case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrothermal vent incidence was once thought to be proportional to the spreading rate of the mid-ocean ridges (MORs). However, more and more studies have shown that the ultraslow-spreading ridges (e.g., Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR)) have a relatively higher incidence of hydrothermal venting fields. The Qiaoyue Seamount (52.1°E) is located at the southern side of segment #25 of the SWIR, to the west of the Gallieni transform fault. The Chinese Dayang cruises conducted eight preliminary deep-towed surveys of hydrothermal activity in the area during 2009 and 2018. Here, through comprehensive analyses of the video and photos obtained by the deep-towed platforms, rock samples, and water column turbidity anomalies, a high-temperature, ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal system is predicted on the northern flank of the Qiaoyue Seamount. We propose that this hydrothermal system is most likely to be driven by gabboric intrusions. Efficient hydrothermal circulation channels appear against a backdrop of high rock permeability related to the detachment fault. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was conducted to investigate nitrogen (N)-form uptake preference and N utilization efficiency of an invasive plant Spartina alterniflora and its co-occurring native plant Phragmites australis in the Yellow River Delta, China, using a stable isotope–labeling technique. Both species preferred ammonium-N to nitrate-N and glycine-N under both intraspecific and interspecific competition, but the competition type altered the magnitude of this preference. Spartina alterniflora took up more glycine and nitrate but less ammonium under interspecific competition than under intraspecific competition, resulting in a relative preference shift toward organic-N and nitrate. By contrast, P.australis assimilated much less ammonium and nitrate under interspecific competition than under intraspecific competition, but a similar amount of glycine, resulting in a relative preference shift toward organic-N. Biomass, N uptake rate, and N utilization efficiency were all much greater under intraspecific competition than under interspecific competition in P.australis, but smaller in S.alterniflora, suggesting that the invasive species is competitively superior to the native species in terms of growth, N uptake, and N utilization efficiency. We conclude that both species exhibited N-form preference, and competition type could shift such a preference. The competitive advantages in terms of growth, N uptake, and N utilization efficiency might have enabled S.alterniflora to successfully invade communities previously dominated by P.australis in the Yellow River Delta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By numerically solving the three-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation, we have investigated multiphoton ionization of hydrogen atom in the two-color circularly polarized (TCCP) laser fields consisting of a strong 400 nm and a much weaker 800 nm pulses. Due to the presence of perturbative 800 nm laser pulse, sideband peaks emerge between the above-threshold ionization rings in the photoelectron momentum distributions. Our numerical results show that the sideband peaks exhibit one-lobe structure in the co-rotating TCCP laser fields, while it displays the three-lobe structure in the counter-rotating TCCP laser fields. Moreover, the photoelectron yield of sidebands in the co-rotating TCCP fields is much higher than those of the counter-rotating TCCP fields. These phenomena could be well explained from the perspective of the photon-absorption channels via the selection rules. Interestingly, an obvious phase shift between the sidebands of different orders from the co-rotating and counter-rotating TCCP fields is observed. This shift indicates the helicity-dependent time delay in the one-photon continuum-continuum transition process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) represents a carcinogenesis pathway of colorectal cancer (CRC) and the association between CIMP CRC, molecular features and risk factors in East Asian population is less studied.Methods: We prospectively enrolled newly diagnosed CRC patients at the National Taiwan University Hospital. Clinicopathological data and risk factors for CRC were collected during interview. The tumour samples were subjected to CIMP, RAS/BRAF mutation and microsatellite instability tests. CIMP-high was determined when ≧3 methylated loci of p16, MINT1, MINT2, MINT31 and MLH1 were identified. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between risk factors and CIMP-high CRC.Results: Compared with CIMP-low/negative CRC, CIMP-high CRC was associated with more stage IV disease, BRAF V600E mutation and high body mass index (BMI ≧ 27.5 kg/m2) in younger patients (age < 50 y), and more right-sided tumour, BRAF V600E mutation, MSI-high and colorectal polyp in elder patients (age ≧ 50 y). Multivariate analyses showed that BMI ≧27.5 kg/m2 was significantly associated with CIMP-high CRC in younger patients.Conclusions: We identified distinct clinicopathological features for CIMP-high CRC among different age groups in Taiwan. Our data suggest the association between BMI ≧27.5 kg/m2 and CIMP-high CRC in patients younger than 50 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]