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Abstract In cellular systems, biophysical interactions between macromolecules underlie a complex web of functional interactions. How biophysical and functional networks are coordinated, whether all biophysical interactions correspond to functional interactions, and how such biophysical‐versus‐functional network coordination is shaped by evolutionary forces are all largely unanswered questions. Here, we investigate these questions using an “inter‐interactome” approach. We systematically probed the yeast and human proteomes for interactions between proteins from these two species and functionally characterized the resulting inter‐interactome network. After a billion years of evolutionary divergence, the yeast and human proteomes are still capable of forming a biophysical network with properties that resemble those of intra‐species networks. Although substantially reduced relative to intra‐species networks, the levels of functional overlap in the yeast–human inter‐interactome network uncover significant remnants of co‐functionality widely preserved in the two proteomes beyond human–yeast homologs. Our data support evolutionary selection against biophysical interactions between proteins with little or no co‐functionality. Such non‐functional interactions, however, represent a reservoir from which nascent functional interactions may arise.

Allosteric coupling between protein domains is fundamental to many cellular processes. For example, Hsp70 molecular chaperones use ATP binding by their actin‐like N‐terminal ATPase domain to control substrate interactions in their C‐terminal substrate‐binding domain, a reaction that is critical for protein folding in cells. Here, we generalize the statistical coupling analysis to simultaneously evaluate co‐evolution between protein residues and functional divergence between sequences in protein sub‐families. Applying this method in the Hsp70/110 protein family, we identify a sparse but structurally contiguous group of co‐evolving residues called a ‘sector’, which is an attribute of the allosteric Hsp70 sub‐family that links the functional sites of the two domains across a specific interdomain interface. Mutagenesis of Escherichia coli DnaK supports the conclusion that this interdomain sector underlies the allosteric coupling in this protein family. The identification of the Hsp70 sector provides a basis for further experiments to understand the mechanism of allostery and introduces the idea that cooperativity between interacting proteins or protein domains can be mediated by shared sectors.

Data on radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) are restricted to case reports (~ 11 patients) and long-term follow-up data are further scarce. We describe our experience on managing TIO from a tertiary care center in India. Retrospective study of patients with localized TIO was performed and clinical, biochemical, treatment and follow-up details were retrieved. Normalization of serum phosphorus in absence of phosphate supplementation was defined as remission. Of 33 patients (23 males), 24 patients underwent surgery as first-line treatment, and early remission, delayed remission (> 1 month for phosphorus normalization) and persistence were observed 12, 3, and 9 patients at a median follow-up of 5 (4–9) years. The gender, age, tumor size, location of tumors and FGF23 levels were not statistically different in patients who were in remission after surgery versus those with persistent disease. Second/third line treatment included conventional medical treatment and/or repeat surgery (n = 3), radiotherapy (n = 3), peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (n = 1), RFA (n = 1). Two patients had transient worsening (weeks) of weakness post-surgery. 10 patients underwent RFA (first-line n = 9); at the last follow-up 5 (4–10) years, 7 are in remission. Two of three persistent disease patients had large tumors (5.6 and 3.6 cm). There were no RFA-related complications except local ulcer in one. Although persistent disease was present in a few patients in both arms, there was no recurrence in either RFA or surgical cohort. RFA provide durable response similar to surgery, persistence requires multi-modality treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LSD is a hallucinogen with complex neurobiological and behavioral effects. Underlying these effects are changes in brain neuroplasticity. This is the first study to follow the developmental changes in brain structure and function following LSD exposure in periadolescence. We hypothesized LSD given during a time of heightened neuroplasticity, particularly in the forebrain, would affect cognitive and emotional behavior and the associated underlying neuroanatomy and neurocircuitry. Female and male mice were given vehicle, single or multiple treatments of 3.3 µg of LSD by oral gavage starting on postnatal day 51. Between postnatal days 90–120 mice were imaged and tested for cognitive and motor behavior. MRI data from voxel-based morphometry, diffusion weighted imaging, and BOLD resting state functional connectivity were registered to a mouse 3D MRI atlas with 139 brain regions providing site-specific differences in global brain structure and functional connectivity between experimental groups. Motor behavior and cognitive performance were unaffected by periadolescent exposure to LSD. Differences across experimental groups in brain volume for any of the 139 brain areas were few in number and not focused on any specific brain region. Multiple exposures to LSD significantly altered gray matter microarchitecture across much of the brain. These changes were primary associated with the thalamus, sensory and motor cortices, and basal ganglia. The forebrain olfactory system and prefrontal cortex and hindbrain cerebellum and brainstem were unaffected. The functional connectivity between forebrain white matter tracts and sensorimotor cortices and hippocampus was reduced with multidose LSD exposure. Does exposure to LSD in late adolescence have lasting effects on brain development? The bulk of our significant findings were seen through changes is DWI values across 74 brain areas in the multi-dose LSD group. The pronounced changes in indices of anisotropy across much of the brain would suggest altered gray matter microarchitecture and neuroplasticity. There was no evidence of LSD having consequential effects on cognitive or motor behavior when animal were evaluated as young adults 90–120 days of age. Neither were there any differences in the volume of specific brain areas between experimental conditions. The reduction in connectivity in forebrain white matter tracts with multidose LSD and consolidation around sensorimotor and hippocampal brain areas requires a battery of tests to understand the consequences of these changes on behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pituitary apoplexy (PA) in Cushing's disease (CD) is rare with data limited to case reports/series. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed case records of PA in CD managed at our center from 1987 to 2023 and performed a systematic literature review. Results: We identified 58 patients (44 females), including twelve from our center (12/315 CD, yielding a PA prevalence in CD of 3.8%) and forty six from systematic review. The median age at PA diagnosis was 35 years. The most common presentation was type A (79.3%) and symptom was headache (89.6%), with a median Pituitary Apoplexy Score (PAS) of 2. Median cortisol and ACTH levels were 24.9 µg/dl and 94.1 pg/ml, respectively. Apoplexy was the first manifestation of underlying CD in 55.2% of cases, with 31.1% (14/45) presenting with hypocortisolemia (serum cortisol ≤ 5.0 µg/dl), underscoring the importance of recognizing clinical signs/symptoms of hypercortisolism. The median largest tumor dimension was 1.7 cm (53/58 were macroadenomas). PA was managed surgically in 57.8% of cases, with the remainder conservatively managed. All five PA cases in CD with microadenoma achieved remission through conservative management, though two later relapsed. Among treatment-naïve CD patients with macroadenoma, PA-related neuro-deficit improvement was comparable between surgical and conservative groups. However, a greater proportion of surgically managed patients remained in remission longer (70% vs. 38.5%; p = 0.07), for an average of 31 vs. 10.5 months. Conclusion: PA in CD is more commonly associated with macroadenomas, may present with hypocortisolemia, and surgical treatment tends towards higher and longer-lasting remission rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research revolutionizes phenolic compound extraction from grape pulp (Ahmar Bou-Amar variety). We optimized extraction methods to assess the efficiency and identify individual molecules. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to fine-tune 2 extraction methods: Conventional Solvent Extraction (CSE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) using Box-Behnken and central composite designs, respectively. Identification and quantification of the various phenolic classes in the pulp of the studied grape variety were carried out using HPLC–DAD, a first for this variety. This characterization revealed that the quantitative profile of individual and total phenolic compounds is closely linked to the extraction method. Results indicate that extracts obtained via MAE exhibit approximately 20% higher concentrations of individual flavonols (Quercetol 3-glucoside, Quercetol-hexoside, Isorhamnitol-hexoside), individual hydroxycinnamic acids (cis- and trans-Caftaric, cis- and trans-Coutaric, p-Coumaric), and flavan-3-ols (trans-Catechin-SH and Epicatechin-3-O-gallate) compared to CSE. Conversely, CSE proves more efficient in extracting molecules like Catechin, Epicatechin, cis-Catechine-SH, and Ferulic acid, resulting in reductions of 16%, 21%, 75%, and 57%, respectively. Notably, the molecules Epicatechin-SH, Epicatechin-O-3-gallate, and Epigallocatechin-SH remain unaffected by the extraction method. The results concerning antioxidant activity indicate that irrespective of the measurement method employed, extracts obtained via MAE display notably greater antioxidant efficacy compared to those obtained through CSE. These findings underscore the significant impact of the chosen extraction method on the composition and quality of phenolic extracts obtained from grape pulp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Northern Algeria, Pistacia Lentiscus berries are cold-pressed to extract a valuable oil with medicinal uses. However, after the berries are defatted, the residue (cake) is still underestimated, although it is a rich source of bioactive compounds. This work aimed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of phenolic compounds from Pistacia Lentiscus berries cake (LBC) and to investigate some in vitro biological activities of the rich-phenolic optimized extract. Box Behnken's design of experiments (BBD) was applied to explore the effect of three independent variables (temperature, duration of extraction, and ethanol in water fraction) at three levels, and then HPLC with a Diode Array Detector was used for analysis of its polyphenol composition. Afterwards, the optimized extract was assessed for its antioxidant and antidiabetic capacities. The validated model confirmed the best operative condition of extraction as 50%, 60 °C, and 86 min for, respectively, the ethanol concentration, temperature, and duration of extraction, and the predicted results were experimentally confirmed. Under these conditions, the obtained extract interestingly showed an IC50 of 61.79 ± 0.40 µg/mL against the free radical ABTS• versus Trolox as a positive control (IC 50 = 50.67 ± 0.32 µg/mL). Moreover, a promising anti-α-amylase capacity has been shown by the sonicated LBC extract with an IC50 of 99,82 ± 2,03 µg/mL. These in vitro biological activities should be due to the bioactive phenolic composition of the LBC extract. Indeed, twelve phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in the optimized extract, comprising six flavonoids, five phenolic acids, and a phenylethanoid (Tyrosol). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diseases caused by small ruminant lentiviruses, Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP), Schmallenberg virus, and peste des petits ruminants virus (PPR) is globally recognised as serious threats to the ruminant industry due to their potential to spread rapidly across boundaries. Despite their global distribution and negative impacts on ruminant production, there is a gap in knowledge of the current trends in their epidemiology among sheep and goat populations in Peninsular Malaysia. This study was therefore designed to fill the gap of knowledge concerning the seroprevalence and contributing factors of CAEV, paratuberculosis, SBV, and PPRV among small ruminants from selected flocks in Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, and Pahang states in Peninsular Malaysia. A cross-sectional study design was used to collect animal data and blood samples for serological assays simultaneously. The ID Screen (ID.VET, France) indirect ELISA screening tests were used to detect serum antibodies directed against CAEV/MVV (VISNAS Ver 0922), paratuberculosis (PARAS Ver 0516), SBV (SBVC Ver 1114) and PPRV (PPRC Ver 0821). There was 45.4% (95% CI = 40.74–50.74), 6.8% (95% CI = 4.66–9.69), 27.8% (95% CI = 23.35–32.77), and 2.6% (95% CI = 1.11–0.51) true seroprevalence for CAEV, paratuberculosis, SBV, and PPR, respectively. Geographical location and species were the risk factors for CAEV and paratuberculosis, while the management system and age of small ruminants were the risk factors for SBV. The present study is the first to document a large-scale seroprevalence of MAP and PPR infection among sheep and goat flocks in Peninsular Malaysia. The presence of PPRV and MAP antibodies among small ruminant flocks is signalling current or previous exposure to the pathogens or cross reactions with similar antigens. This finding further suggests the potential for future outbreaks of these devastating diseases among sheep and goats in Malaysia. The high seroprevalence of CAEV and SBV among small ruminants indicates high levels of exposure to the viruses in the environment, which is a potential threat to production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An aligned facial response to others' emotions has been linked to adaptive social interactions. Interestingly, maladjusted emotional response has been recognized as a significant risk factor for intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW). However, the facial response of IPVAW perpetrators to others' negative emotions remains unclear. The present study analyzes the emotional facial response, as well as self-reported emotions, of IPVAW perpetrators (n = 55) compared to controls (n = 48) during a violence-focused empathic induction task using the "FaceReader" facial coding software. Additionally, we explored the emotional decoding influence on their emotional facial responsiveness. Compared to controls, IPVAW perpetrators exhibited a lower prevalence of sadness facial expression and a higher prevalence of happiness facial expressions during the task, along with reduced self-reported emotionality. Coherently, the lower the sadness facial expression, the lower the self-reported sadness and tenderness. Finally, poorer emotional decoding and belonging to the IPVAW group explained the lower prevalence of sadness and higher prevalence of happiness facial expressions. Our findings provide further evidence supporting a distinctive emotional response pattern to others' suffering in IPVAW perpetrators. This study provides a promising direction to address the IPVAW occurrence by treating relevant socioaffective deficits, such as emotional responsiveness or emotional decoding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well established that the integration of behavioral healthcare into the medical home model improves patient outcomes, reduces costs, and increases resident learning. As academic health centers increasingly integrate behavioral healthcare, targeted training for interprofessional collaboration around behavioral healthcare is needed. Simulation educational approaches potentially can provide this training. Health service psychologists are well-poised to support this because of their specialized training in integrated healthcare. The present exploratory study aimed to evaluate existing simulation programs and develop recommendations for integrated behavioral health training and evaluation. Directors of ACGME accredited residency programs that are high utilizers of the medical home model (Pediatrics, Internal Medicine, Medicine/Pediatrics, Family Medicine) as well as Psychiatry residencies and medical schools with membership in the Society for Simulation in Healthcare were recruited to complete a 26-item survey to assess program usage of psychologists as part of simulation training for integrated behavioral healthcare services. Of 79 participants who completed initial items describing their training program, only 32 programs completed the entire survey. While many academic health centers offered integrated team and behavioral health simulations, few utilized psychology faculty in design, implementation, and evaluation. Other behavioral health providers (psychiatrists, social workers) were often involved in medical school and pediatric residency simulations. Few institutions use standardized evaluation. Qualitative feedback and faculty-written questionnaires were often used to evaluate efficacy. Survey responses suggest that psychologists play limited roles in integrated behavioral healthcare simulation despite their expertise in interdisciplinary training, integrated behavioral healthcare, and program evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subcutaneous (SC) administration of therapeutic proteins is perceived to pose higher risk of immunogenicity when compared with intravenous (IV) route of administration (RoA). However, systematic evaluations of clinical data to support this claim are lacking. This meta-analysis was conducted to compare the immunogenicity of the same therapeutic protein by IV and SC RoA. Anti-drug antibody (ADA) data and controlling variables for 7 therapeutic proteins administered by both IV and SC routes across 48 treatment groups were analyzed. RoA was the primary independent variable of interest while therapeutic protein, patient population, adjusted dose, and number of ADA samples were controlling variables. Analysis of variance was used to compare the ADA incidence between IV and SC RoA, while accounting for controlling variables and potential interactions. Subsequently, 10 additional therapeutic proteins with ADA data published for both IV and SC administration were added to the above 7 therapeutic proteins and were evaluated for ADA incidence. RoA had no statistically significant effect on ADA incidence for the initial dataset of 7 therapeutic proteins (p = 0.55). The only variable with a significant effect on ADA incidence was the therapeutic protein. None of the other controlling variables, including their interactions with RoA, was significant. When all data from the 17 therapeutic proteins were pooled, there was no statistically significant effect of RoA on ADA incidence (p = 0.81). In conclusion, there is no significant difference in ADA incidence between the IV and SC RoA, based on analysis of clinical ADA data from 17 therapeutic proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel compact two-element MIMO antenna with dual band-notched characteristics for ultra-wideband communication systems is presented and discussed. The proposed antenna consists of two identical and symmetrical radiating elements spaced by 19 mm (0.197 λ0). The main radiating element is composed of a circular and trapezoidal segment, fed by a tapered microstrip line with a common ground plane. In addition, L-shaped and C-shaped slots are inserted in the main radiating element to reject the WLAN band (5.15–5.8 GHz) and the INSAT C-band (6.3–7.3 GHz), respectively. The proposed antenna with dimensions of 22 mm × 34 mm × 1.6 mm has a measurement operating frequency band from 3.1 to 23 GHz (152.4%). Inverted L-shaped stubs and a wide slot are introduced into the ground plane to achieve high isolation between the two ports. The proposed antenna has good MIMO diversity performances; the minimum measured isolation is 22 dB for the entire operating band, the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is less than 0.001, the diversity gain (DG) is near 10 and the channel capacity loss (CCL) is less than 0.29 bits/s/Hz, whereas a maximum total active reflection coefficient of − 35 dB is achieved for the whole operating band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) is a valuable vegetable with a high content of bioactive compounds. The present study aims to optimize the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) parameters to achieve the highest yield of total phenolic content (TPC) from its pulp (PPU) and peel (PPE). Response surface methodology (RSM) in conjunction with central composite design was used. The factors considered were (i) ethanol concentration, (ii) microwave power level, (iii), irradiation time and (iv) solid to liquid ratio. The models obtained produced a satisfactory fit to the data regarding to TP extraction with desirabilities of 0.99 and 0.83, for PPU and PPE, respectively. The optimum conditions for their extraction were found to be ethanol concentration 60%, microwave power 300 W, extraction time 138.67s and a solid-to-liquid ratio 1/30 g/mL for PPU. And for PPE, they were ethanol concentration of 46.42%, microwave power of 100 W, extraction time of 180 s and a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1/36.33 g/mL. Under these optimized conditions, the experimental maximum yields of TPC were 795.41 ± 20.21 and 548.09 ± 13.68 mg GAE/100 g dry weight, respectively for PPU and PPE which was in close agreement with predicted values, thus indicating the suitability of the developed models. The antioxidant activity of the optimized extracts was determined using DPPH· and ABTS·+ radicals scavenging, ferric reducing power (FRAP) and total antioxidant activity (TAA). In the entire tests, PPU extract exhibited the best capacities with IC50 of 1324.45 ± 16.57, 1992.85 ± 34.55, 476.51 ± 1.63 and 480.67 ± 10.50 µg/mL in DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and TAA assays, respectively. Nevertheless, both optimized extracts revealed a moderate antimicrobial effect. According to FT-IR analysis, all found functional groups support the occurrence of phenolic acids and flavonoid compounds in the optimized extracts. The study revealed the effectiveness of MAE in enhancing the phenolic yield of PPU and PPE in a reduced time and lower solvent consuming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Many authors have suggested that intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators present an imbalance between both branches of the autonomous nervous system when coping with acute stress. Concretely, there is a predominance of the sympathetic branches over the parasympathetic ones when recovering from stress. This imbalance can be explained by their tendency toward anger rumination, and more concretely, by their focus on thoughts of revenge during this period. Unfortunately, there is a gap in the scientific literature in terms of using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to assess which brain structures would explain this tendency of IPV perpetrators when coping with acute stress. Method: The main objective of this study was to assess whether the gray matter volume (GMV) of relevant brain structures, signaled in previous scientific literature, moderates the association between thoughts of revenge and sympathetic activation during the recovery period, based on skin conductance levels (SCL) after being exposed to stress, in a group of IPV perpetrators (n = 58) and non-violent men (n = 61). Results: This study highlighted that the GMV of the left nucleus accumbens, right lobules of the cerebellum, and inferior temporal gyrus in IPV perpetrators moderated the association between thoughts of revenge and SCL during the recovery period. Accordingly, the higher the thoughts of revenge, the higher the sympathetic predominance (or higher SCL levels), especially among IPV perpetrators with the lowest GMV of these brain structures. Nonetheless, those variables were unrelated in the control group. Conclusions: Our study highlights the involvement of certain brain structures and how they explain the tendency of some IPV perpetrators to ruminate anger or, more precisely, to focus on thoughts of revenge when they recover from acute stress. These results reinforce the need to incorporate neuroimaging techniques during screening processes to properly understand how IPV perpetrators deal with stress, which in turn helps target their needs and design concrete intervention modules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) and liver cancer are two of the leading causes of cancer death in the United States and persistent disparities in CRC and liver cancer incidence and outcomes exist. Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the main contributors to liver cancer. Effective screening for both CRC and HCV exist and are recommended for individuals based upon age, regardless of gender or sex assigned at birth. Recommendations for both screening behaviors have been recently updated. However, screening rates for both CRC and HCV are suboptimal. Targeting adoption of multiple screening behaviors has the potential to reduce cancer mortality and disparities. Objective: To examine psychosocial factors associated with completion of CRC and HCV screenings in order to inform a multi-behavioral educational intervention that pairs CRC and HCV screening information. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with participants (N = 50) recruited at two community health centers in Florida (United States). Kruskal-Wallis and Fisher's exact tests were used to examine associations between completion of both CRC and HCV screening, CRC and HCV knowledge, Preventive Health Model constructs (e.g., salience and coherence, response efficacy, social influence), and sociodemographic variables. Results: Most participants were White (84%), female (56%), insured (80%), and reported a household income of $25,000 or less (53%). 30% reported ever previously completing both CRC and HCV screenings. Prior completion of both screening behaviors was associated with higher educational attainment (p =.014), having health insurance (p =.022), being U.S.-born (p =.043), and higher salience and coherence scores for CRC (p =.040) and HCV (p =.004). Conclusions: Findings demonstrate limited uptake of both CRC and HCV screenings among adults born between 1945 and 1965. Uptake was associated with multiple sociodemographic factors and health beliefs related to salience and coherence. Salience and coherence are modifiable factors associated with completion of both screening tests, suggesting the importance of incorporating these health beliefs in a multi-behavioral cancer education intervention. Additionally, health providers could simultaneously recommend and order CRC and HCV screening to improve uptake among this age cohort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nearly 200 governments rely on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for scientific assessments of climate change. IPCC figures are important for conveying key findings, but can be difficult for policymakers and practitioners to understand. Best practices in graph design, summarized in the IPCC's visual style guide, recommend conducting interviews with members of the target audience before finalizing figures. Therefore, we interviewed 20 policy makers and practitioners from different countries about three figures drafted for the second order draft of the summary for policymakers associated with IPCC's Working Group III Sixth Assessment Report. Half were frequent users and half were occasional users of climate science, but similar comments emerged from both groups. The figures received a median rating of 3, on a scale from 1 (= not easy at all to understand) to 5 (= very easy to understand). Showing the caption did not always improve these ratings. Overall, two types of recommendations emerged. First, participants suggested focusing each figure on one key message for policymakers, and removing irrelevant details. For IPCC authors, this involves making hard choices about what to show in the figure and what to leave for the text. Additionally, participants suggested straightforward fixes such as using clear titles, labels, and captions that support the key message. Based on our findings, we present recommendations for the design of climate change figures, and examples of revised figures. These recommendations should be useful for the next round of IPCC reports, and for other organizations that communicate about climate science with policymakers and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer screening rates among immigrant and refugee populations in high income countries is significantly lower than native born populations. The objective of this study is to systematically review the effectiveness of interventions to improve screening adherence for breast, cervical and colorectal cancer among Somali immigrants. A literature search was conducted for the years 2000–2021 and eight studies met eligibility criteria. The following intervention components were found to increase adherence to cervical cancer screening: home HPV test, educational workshop for women and education for general practitioners. A patient navigator intervention was found to increase screening for breast cancer. Educational workshops motivated or increased knowledge regarding cancer screening for breast, cervical and colorectal cancer. However, most of the studies had limitations due to methodology with potential for introduction of bias. Therefore, future studies comparing effectiveness of specific intervention components to reduce disparities in cancer screening among Somali immigrants and refugees are encouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Fanconi renotubular syndromes (FRTS) are a rare group of inherited phosphaturic disorders with limited Indian as well as global data on this condition. Here, we describe the experience of a single Endocrinology center from Western India on FRTS. Materials and methods: Comprehensive clinical, biochemical, radiological, management, and genetic details of FRTS patients managed between 2010 and 2023 were collected and analyzed. Results: FRTS probands had mutations (eight novel) in six genes [CLCN5 (n = 4), SLC2A2 (n = 2), GATM, EHHADH, HNF4A, and OCRL (1 each)]. Among 15 FRTS patients (11 families), rickets/osteomalacia was the most common (n = 14) presentation with wide inter- and intra-familial phenotypic variability. Delayed diagnosis (median: 8.8 years), initial misdiagnosis (8/11 probands), and syndrome-specific discriminatory features (8/11 probands) were commonly seen. Hypophosphatemia, elevated alkaline phosphatase, normal parathyroid hormone (median: 36 pg/ml), high-normal/elevated 1,25(OH)2D (median: 152 pg/ml), hypercalciuria (median spot urinary calcium to creatinine ratio: 0.32), and variable proximal tubular dysfunction(s) were observed. Elevated C-terminal fibroblast growth factor 23 in two probands was misleading, till the genetic diagnosis was reached. Novel observations in our FRTS cohort were preserved renal function (till sixth decade) and enthesopathy in FRTS1 and FRTS3 families, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings underscore frequent under- and misdiagnosis of FRTS; hence, a high index of suspicion for FRTS in phosphopenic rickets/osteomalacia, with early consideration of genetic testing is essential to ensure timely diagnosis of FRTS. The novel variants and phenotypic manifestations described here expand the disease spectrum of FRTS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of different storage methods (ambient temperature (A), refrigeration at 4 °C (R) and freezing at − 18 °C (F)), on the phytochemistry of an Algerian spice (paprika powder), was assessed. The optimized extract was obtained under the optimum conditions of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) using response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with a Box–Behnken Design (BBD). This extract was evaluated for its total phenolics content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC) and its antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Under the optimum conditions (5 min for the irradiation time, 40% for the amplitude, 80% for ethanol concentration and 50% for solid–liquid ratio) the TPC was 12.23 ± 1.01 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent/gram of Dried Powder (mg GAE/g DP) which is very close with experimental assay. The TPC are better preserved at A whereas TFC and the antioxidant activity at F, and the antibacterial activity depend on the storage methods and the strains tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Across the Republic of Fiji, the combination of slow onset climate change and extreme weather events continues to wreak havoc. In addition to direct damages sustained from climate impacts, the uncertainties associated with changes to natural systems in combination with depletion of natural resources and declines in biodiversity provide substantial challenges for Indigenous cultures and rural semi-subsistence livelihoods. Consequently, the concept of social resilience in terms of peoples' capacities to cope and adapt to social and ecological changes remains important. In this study, we examine local Indigenous systems of social resilience constructed in alignment with the traditional value of relationalism, and concomitant practices of solesolevaki (working together) and kerekere (requesting, gifting, sharing) to (i). understand how social resilience in this local setting is both reproduced and sustained, and (ii).to examine how moral conflicts and ambiguities arising between traditional modes of living and being, and newer, introduced ontologies attributed to late liberalism are affecting social resilience. We present an ethnographic sketch drawn from fieldwork observations and narratives undertaken in rural Fiji since 2016 and apply Robbins' (2017) theorising of culture and values to examine how people reconcile competing value systems attached to two porous social orders that structure the practices and rhythms of daily life, which Merlan (2005) refers to as the intercultural. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria (HHRH) is a rare disorder of phosphate homeostasis. We describe a single-center experience of genetically proven HHRH families and perform systematic review phenotype-genotype correlation in reported biallelic probands and their monoallelic relatives. Detailed clinical, biochemical, radiological, and genetic data were retrieved from our center and a systematic review of Pub-Med and Embase databases for patients and relatives who were genetically proven. Total of nine subjects (probands:5) carrying biallelic SLC34A3 mutations (novel:2) from our center had a spectrum from rickets/osteomalacia to normal BMD, with hypophosphatemia and hypercalciuria in all. We describe the first case of genetically proven HHRH with enthesopathy. Elevated FGF23 in another patient with hypophosphatemia, iron deficiency anemia, and noncirrhotic periportal fibrosis led to initial misdiagnosis as tumoral osteomalacia. On systematic review of 58 probands (with biallelic SLC34A3 mutations; 35 males), early-onset HHRH and renal calcification were present in ~ 70% and late-onset HHRH in 10%. c.575C > T p.(Ser192Leu) variant occurred in 53% of probands without skeletal involvement. Among 110 relatives harboring monoallelic SLC34A3 mutation at median age 38 years, renal calcification, hypophosphatemia, high 1,25(OH)2D, and hypercalciuria were observed in ~30%, 22.3%, 40%, and 38.8%, respectively. Renal calcifications correlated with age but were similar across truncating and non-truncating variants. Although most relatives were asymptomatic for bone involvement, 6/12(50%) had low bone mineral density. We describe the first monocentric HHRH case series from India with varied phenotypes. In a systematic review, frequent renal calcifications and low BMD in relatives with monoallelic variants (HHRH trait) merit identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To identify metabolite and lipid biomarkers of diabetes in the Indian subpopulation in newly diagnosed diabetic and long-term diabetic individuals. To utilize the global polar metabolomic and lipidomic profiles to predict the susceptibility of an individual to diabetes using machine learning algorithms. Materials and methods: 87 individuals, including healthy, newly diabetic, and long-term diabetics on medication, were included in the study. Post consent, their serum was used to isolate polar metabolome and lipidome. NMR and LCMS were used to identify the polar metabolites and lipids, respectively. Statistical analysis was done to determine significantly altered molecules. NMR and LCMS comprehensive data were utilized to generate diabetic models using machine learning algorithms. 10 more individuals (pre-diabetic) were recruited, and their polar metabolomic and lipidomic profiles were generated. Pre-diabetic metabolic profiles were then utilized to predict the diabetic status of the metabolome and lipidome beyond glucose levels. Results: Mannose, Betaine, Xanthine, Triglyceride (38:1), Sphingomyelin (d63:7), and Phosphatidic acid (37:2) are some of the top key biomarkers of diabetes. The predictive model generated showed the receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (ROC-AUC) as 1 on both test and validation data indicating excellent accuracy. This model then predicted the diabetic closeness of the metabolism of pre-diabetic individuals based on probability scores. Conclusion: Polar metabolic and lipid profile of diabetic individuals is very different from that of healthy individuals. Lipid profile alters before the polar metabolic profile in diabetes-susceptible individuals. Without regard to glucose, the diabetic closeness of the metabolism of any individual can be determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybean is one of the most important crops worldwide, providing vegetable oil that is usually used in domestic and industrial food preparations. However, due to its high unsaturated fatty acid content, it is subjected to significant thermal oxidation and degradation. For this, the present study aims to improve the thermo-stability (170 °C for 10 h/day for 5 days) of refined soybean oil by enrichment with carotenoids of chili by-product as natural antioxidants at different concentrations (0.05, 0.2, and 0.5 ppm) in comparison to soybean oil supplemented with β-carotene at similar concentrations (positive control) and oil without any addition (negative control). The quality assessment of soybean oil, physicochemical parameters, and oxidation degree were assessed before and after heat treatment. The effect on the fatty acids profile was also carried out by gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). According to the results registered during different steps of heat treatment, it was revealed that the enrichment of soybean oil with carotenoids enhanced the quality characteristics and reduced the oxidation incidence. More interestingly, the supplementation of refined soybean oil with 0.5 ppm of carotenoids was significantly able to reduce oxidation, giving soybean oil the best thermo-stability improvement. In addition, the carotenoids allowed more protection of fatty acids, particularly linoleic and linolenic acids, after heat treatment. The carotenoids from chili by-product represent a good source of natural bioactive compounds that could be used to enhance the thermal stability of refined soybean oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud computing has experienced extraordinary development across a wide range of industries by giving customers the flexibility to employ computing resources as needed. The task scheduling problem is one of several major challenges in cloud computing, and it should be scheduled effectively to minimize makespan and maximize resource utilization. Therefore, this paper put forward an improved scheduling efficiency algorithm called Enhanced Marine Predator Algorithm (EMPA). Firstly, task scheduling model with makespan and resource utilization is constructed. Secondly, each individual represents a result of task scheduling, and the purpose of algorithms is to find the optimal scheduling result, therefore the operator of WOA, nonlinear inertia weight coefficient and golden sine strategy are introduced into Marine Predator Algorithm. In the simulation experiment, EMPA is compared with Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) under different number of tasks in synthetic datasets and GoCJ datasets.The experimental results show that the EMPA algorithm has more advantages in terms of makespan, degree of imbalance, and resource utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Current guidelines for adult patients with pneumococcal meningitis (PM) recommend initial management in intermediate or intensive care units (ICU), but evidence to support these recommendations is limited. We aimed to describe ICU admission practices of patients with PM. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the French medico administrative database of consecutive adult patients with PM and sepsis criteria hospitalized between 2011 and 2020. We defined two groups, "Direct ICU" corresponding to a direct ICU admission and "Delayed ICU" corresponding to a secondary ICU admission. Results: We identified 4052 patients hospitalized for a first episode of PM, including 2006 "Direct ICU" patients (50%) and 2046 "delayed ICU" patients (50%). The patients were mainly males [n = 2260 (56%)] with median age of 61 years [IQR 50–71] and a median Charlson index of 1 [0–3]. Among them, median SAPS II on admission was 46 [33–62], 2173 (54%) had a neurological failure on admission with 2133 (53%) in coma, 654 (16%) with brainstem failure, 488 (12%) with seizures and 779 (19%) with focal signs without coma. PM was frequently associated with pneumonia [n = 1411 (35%)], and less frequently with endocarditis [n = 317 (8%)]. The median ICU length of stay and hospital length of stay were 6 days [2–14] and 21 days [13–38], respectively. In-hospital mortality was 27% (n = 1100) and 640 (16%) patients were secondarily transferred to rehabilitation care unit. Direct ICU group was significantly more severe but after adjustment for age, sex, comorbidities, organ failures on admission and admission from home, direct ICU admission was significantly associated with a lower mortality (Odds ratio 0.67 [0.56–0.80], p < 0.01). This corresponded to one death avoided for 11 PM directly admitted in ICU. Conclusions: Among patients with PM and sepsis, direct ICU admission was associated with lower mortality rates when compared to delayed admission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between food insecurity and transactional sex is well recognized, but less is known about this relationship among adolescents. We analyzed cross-sectional baseline data from 3,130 female secondary students aged 12–19 enrolled in a three-arm, cluster randomized controlled trial to examine the association between food insecurity and transactional sex. The explanatory variable was food security and the outcome was ever engaging in transactional sex. Over one quarter (28.7%) reported any food insecurity and 1.9% of all participants (9.6% of sexually active participants) reported ever engaging in transactional sex. In adjusted models, ever experiencing any food insecurity was associated with a higher prevalence of ever transactional sex (PR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.49) compared to little to no food insecurity. These results provide insight into potential predictors of higher-risk sexual behavior in Rwanda; they also provide policy-makers with populations with whom to intervene on upstream determinants of transactional sex, notably poverty and food insecurity. Resumen: La inseguridad alimentaria y el sexo transaccional están poco estudiados entre las adolescentes ruandesas. Analizamos datos de referencia transversales de 3,130 estudiantes secundarias de 12 a 19 años de edad inscritas en un ensayo controlado aleatorio por grupos de tres brazos para examinar la asociación entre la inseguridad alimentaria y el sexo transaccional. La variable independiente fue la seguridad alimentaria y la variable dependiente fue participation en sexo transaccional por lo menos una vez. Más de una cuarta parte (28,7%) informó alguna inseguridad alimentaria y el 1,9% de todos los participantes (9,6% de los participantes sexualmente activos) informaron haber tenido relaciones sexuales transaccionales alguna vez. En modelos ajustados, experimentar alguna inseguridad alimentaria alguna vez se asoció con una mayor relación sexual transaccional (PR: 1,60; IC del 95%: 1,02, 2,49) en comparación con poca o ninguna inseguridad alimentaria. Estos resultados brindan información sobre posibles predictores de comportamiento sexual de mayor riesgo en Ruanda; también brindan a los formuladores de políticas poblaciones para intervenir en los determinantes anteriores del sexo transaccional, en particular la pobreza y la inseguridad alimentaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lethality of epithelial ovarian cancer (OC) is largely due to a high rate of recurrence and development of chemoresistance, which requires synergy between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) and is thought to involve cancer stem cells. Our analysis of gene expression microarray data from paired primary and recurrent OC tissues revealed significantly elevated expression of the gene encoding periostin (POSTN) in recurrent OC compared to matched primary tumors (p = 0.015). Secreted POSTN plays a role in the extracellular matrix, facilitating epithelial cell migration and tissue regeneration. We therefore examined how elevated extracellular POSTN, as we found is present in recurrent OC, impacts OC cell functions and phenotypes, including stemness. OC cells cultured with conditioned media with high levels of periostin (CMPOSTNhigh) exhibited faster migration (p = 0.0044), enhanced invasiveness (p = 0.006), increased chemoresistance (p < 0.05), and decreased apoptosis as compared to the same cells cultured with control medium (CMCTL). Further, CMPOSTNhigh-cultured OC cells exhibited an elevated stem cell side population (p = 0.027) along with increased expression of cancer stem cell marker CD133 relative to CMCTL-cultured cells. POSTN-transfected 3T3-L1 cells that were used to generate CMPOSTNhigh had visibly enhanced intracellular and extracellular lipids, which was also linked to increased OC cell expression of fatty acid synthetase (FASN) that functions as a central regulator of lipid metabolism and plays a critical role in the growth and survival of tumors. Additionally, POSTN functions in the TME were linked to AKT pathway activities. The mean tumor volume in mice injected with CMPOSTNhigh-cultured OC cells was larger than that in mice injected with CMCTL-cultured OC cells (p = 0.0023). Taken together, these results show that elevated POSTN in the extracellular environment leads to more aggressive OC cell behavior and an increase in cancer stemness, suggesting that increased levels of stromal POSTN during OC recurrence contribute to more rapid disease progression and may be a novel therapeutic target. Furthermore, they also demonstrate the utility of having matched primary-recurrent OC tissues for analysis and support the need for better understanding of the molecular changes that occur with OC recurrence to develop ways to undermine those processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The InterPro family IPR007621 TPM_phosphatase is a widely conserved family of protein domains found in prokaryotes, plants and invertebrates. Despite similar predicted protein folding, members of this family are involved in different cellular processes. In recent years, the structural and biochemical characterization of evolutionarily divergent TPM domains has shown their ability to hydrolyze phosphate groups of different substrates. However, there are still inaccurate functional annotations and uncertain relationships between the structure and function of this domain family. We here report the 1H, 13C, and 15N backbone and sidechain resonances of the TPM domain of a predicted TPM domain-containing protein of the thermophilic bacterium Rhodothermus marinus. These data will lay the groundwork for future NMR-based investigations, contributing to a thorough comprehension of the intricate aspects governing the interplay between structure and function of TPM domains. Additionally, they will unlock opportunities to explore dynamic structural changes, providing valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the evolutionary adaptations to extreme environmental conditions within this protein family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HIV self-testing allows people to collect samples and test themselves at home, addressing known barriers to facility-based testing. We aimed to measure the uptake of home HIV testing among Australian gay and bisexual men (GBM). Using national cross-sectional data from the Australian Gay Community Periodic Surveys, we assessed trends in home HIV testing among non-HIV positive GBM between 2018 and 2020. Overall, the use of home HIV testing was low, but slightly increased during 2018–2020 (from 0.3 to 0.8%, RR = 1.54, 95%CI = 1.23–1.92, p-trend < 0.001). Testing at home was more likely among non-HIV-positive GBM who were born overseas and recently arrived in Australia, at higher risk of HIV, and infrequent HIV testers. Given the greater use of home testing by men at higher risk of HIV, recent migrants and infrequent testers, all priority groups in Australia's HIV epidemic, we recommend increasing access to HIV self-testing to enhance uptake in these and other groups of GBM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A cornerstone of surgical residency training is an educational program that produces highly skilled and effective surgeons. Training structures are constantly being revised due to evolving program structures, shifting workforces, and variability in the clinical environment. This has resulted in significant heterogeneity in all surgical resident education, training tools utilized, and measures of training efficacy. Methods: We systematically reviewed educational interventions for technical skills in neurosurgery published across PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science over four decades. We extracted general characteristics of each surgical training tool while categorizing educational interventions by modality and neurosurgical application. Results: We identified 626 studies which developed surgical training tools across eight different training modalities: textbooks and literature (11), online resources (53), didactic teaching and one-on-one instruction (7), laboratory courses (50), cadaveric models (63), animal models (47), mixed reality (166), and physical models (229). While publication volume has grown exponentially, a majority of studies were cited with relatively low frequency. Most training programs were published in the development and validation phase with only 2.1% of tools implemented long-term. Each training modality expressed unique strengths and limitations, with limited data reported on the educational impact connected to each training tool. Conclusions: Numerous surgical training tools have been developed and implemented across residency training programs. Though many creative and cutting-edge tools have been devised, evidence supporting educational efficacy and long-term application is lacking. Increased utilization of novel surgical training tools will require validation of metrics used to assess the training outcomes and optimized integration with clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute lung injury (ALI) is the leading cause of respiratory diseases induced by uncontrolled inflammation and cell death. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major trigger of ALI in the progression through macrophage differentiation and the accelerated release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of human milk oligosaccharides, specifically 3′-sialyllactose (3′-SL) and 6′-sialyllactose (6′-SL), on LPS-induced ALI and elucidate their underlying signaling pathways. The inhibitory effects of 3′-SL and 6′-SL on inflammation were evaluated using LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. To establish the ALI model, mice were treated with 10 mg/kg LPS for 24 h. Histological changes in the lung tissues were assessed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunofluorescence. LPS causes thickening of the alveolar wall infiltration of immune cells in lung tissues and increased serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and GM-CSF. However, these effects were significantly alleviated by 100 mg/kg of 3′-SL and 6′-SL. Consistent with the inhibitory effects of 3′-SL and 6′-SL on LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in serum, 3′-SL and 6′-SL suppressed mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, iNOS, and COX2 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Mechanistically, 3′-SL and 6′-SL abolished LPS-mediated phosphorylation of NF-κB and STAT1. Interestingly, fludarabine treatment, a STAT1 inhibitor, did not affect LPS-mediated NF-κB phosphorylation. In summary, 3′-SL and 6′-SL protect LPS-induced macrophage activation and ALI through the STAT1 and NF-κB signaling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyvagal theory proposed that an autonomous nervous system imbalance might be characteristic of violent individuals, especially reduced parasympathetic or vagal tone. Accordingly, some studies concluded that when intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators deal with acute stress, they tend to present a sympathetic predominance over the parasympathetic nervous system once the stress has ended. However, less is known about cognitive mechanisms that explain this phenomenon. In fact, this functioning might be explained by inner speech and/or angry thoughts (anger rumination) in reactive aggressors. Nonetheless, there is a gap in the scientific literature assessing whether this psychophysiological functioning in IPV perpetrators is explained by anger rumination. For this reason, the first aim of this study was to assess the cardiorespiratory (heart rate (HR), pre-ejection period (PEP), and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA)) and electrodermal (skin conductance level (SCL)) changes, as well as the anger state, when coping with an acute laboratory stressor, comparing a group of reactive IPV perpetrators (n = 47) and a group of non-violent men (n = 36). The second aim was two-fold. After checking whether the groups differed on their anger rumination and manifestation of aggression (reactive and/or proactive) scores, we studied whether these variables explained psychophysiological and psychological responses to a laboratory task (changes and levels during the recovery period) in each group. Our results demonstrated that, compared to the control group, IPV perpetrators presented lower RSA levels (vagal tone). Even though the groups did not differ on their anger rumination or manifestation of aggression scores (except for proactive aggression), only in the IPV perpetrators, high anger rumination and reactive aggression partly explained the lower vagal tone (RSA levels) and high levels of anger state at post-task. Consequently, this study contributes to understanding the psychobiological basis for violence proneness in IPV perpetrators, making it possible to explore new therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visual odometry and visual simultaneous localization and mapping aid in tracking the position of a camera and mapping the surroundings using images. It is an important part of robotic perception. Tracking and mapping using a monocular camera is cost-effective, requires less calibration effort, and is easy to deploy across a wide range of applications. This paper provides an extensive review of the developments for the first two decades of the twenty-first century. Astounding results from early methods based on filtering have intrigued the community to extend these algorithms using other forms of techniques like bundle adjustment and deep learning. This article starts by introducing the basic sensor systems and analyzing the evolution of monocular tracking and mapping algorithms through bibliometric data. Then, it covers the overview of filtering and bundle adjustment methods, followed by recent advancements in methods using deep learning with the mathematical constraints applied on the networks. Finally, the popular benchmarks available for developing and evaluating these algorithms are presented along with a comparative study on a different class of algorithms. It is anticipated that this article will serve as the latest introductory tool and further ignite the interest of the community to solve current and future impediments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin and outer membrane protein (OMP) are among the virulence factors of Gram-negative bacteria responsible for inducing pathogenicity in the infected host. OMP and LPS occur on the outer membrane of M. haemolytica A2, the primary aetiological agent of pneumonic mannheimiosis in small ruminants. While the LPS is known to mediate Gram-negative bacterial infection by activating downstream inflammatory pathways, the potential role of OMP during inflammatory responses remained unclear. Hence, this study determined the effect of the OMP of M. haemolytica A2 on the serum concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the male reproductive hormones (testosterone and Luteinizing Hormone). We randomly assigned twelve bucks to three groups (n = 4 bucks each): Group 1 was challenged with 2 mL PBS buffer (pH 7.0) intranasally; Group 2 received 2 mL of 1.2 X 109 CFU/mL whole M. haemolytica A2 intranasally; and Group 3 received 2 mL of OMP extract obtained from 1.2 X 109 CFU/mL M. haemolytica A2 intramuscularly. Serum samples collected at pre-determined intervals were used for the quantitative determination of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα) and reproductive hormones (testosterone and LH) using commercial sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The serum concentration of IL1β was initially increased within the first-hour post-challenge in Groups 2 and 3, followed by a significant decrease in concentration at 21d and 35d (p < 0.05) in Group 3. Only mild fluctuations in IL-6 occurred in group 2, as opposed to the 1.7-fold rapid increase in TNFα within 2 h post-challenge before decreasing at 6 h. An increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines was accompanied by an acute febrile response of 39.5 ± 0.38 °C (p < 0.05) at 2 h and 40.1 ± 0.29 °C (p < 0.05) at 4 h in Group 2 and Group 3, respectively. Serum testosterone decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in both treatment groups but remained significantly (p > 0.05) lower than in Group 1 throughout the study. There was a moderate negative association between testosterone and IL1β (r = -0.473; p > 0.05) or TNFα (r = -0.527; p < 0.05) in Group 2. Serum LH also showed moderate negative associations with TNFα in Group 2 (r = -0.63; p < 0.05) and Group 3 (r = -0.54; p > 0.05). The results of this study demonstrated that M. haemolytica A2 and its OMP produced marked alterations in serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and male reproductive hormones. The negative correlations between serum testosterone and inflammatory cytokines would suggest the potential role of OMP in causing male infertility by mediating innate inflammatory responses to suppress testosterone production in bucks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of new functional olive oils may help in prevention of chronic diseases and improving the quality of life for many consumers. This is focused on the enrichment of enrich virgin olive oil (VOO) with Pistachia lentiscus leaves powder using optimized ultrasound assisted maceration (UAM) to enhance antioxidant activity and its oxidative stability. For plant extract, total phenolic compounds (TPC) content, antioxidant activities assay and inhibition of copper-induced LDL oxidation have been determined. The TPC content, antioxidant capacity and oxidative stability (Rancimat test, PV, K232 and K270) of VOO enriched by US (US-VOO) have been evaluated and compared to those obtained by the conventional method (CM-VOO) and VOO control. Chemical tests showed that lentisk extracts exhibited a stronger scavenging effect more than chemical standards. Lentisk extracts may protect strongly LDL from oxidation and delaying the lag time for about 3.3 h compared to the control. The enriched US-VOO with optimum conditions (100% amplitude, 15% ratio and 10 min of time exposition) showed contents of 1.6, 3 and 4 times more than the control (VOO) for TPC, chlorophyll and carotenoids. The enriched oils by US and CV methods showed a DPPH inhibition percentage and reducing power 2.4 and 1.6 times more than those of VOO. During heat treatment, peroxide value, K232 and K270 values remained significantly lower in enriched oils than VOO control. These results demonstrate the great potential of USM and the use of natural preservation ingredient such as P. lentiscus leaves to improve VOO nutritional quality oxidation stability, and extend the shelf-life of olive oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DNA comprises molecular information stored in genetic and epigenetic bases, both of which are vital to our understanding of biology. Most DNA sequencing approaches address either genetics or epigenetics and thus capture incomplete information. Methods widely used to detect epigenetic DNA bases fail to capture common C-to-T mutations or distinguish 5-methylcytosine from 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. We present a single base-resolution sequencing methodology that sequences complete genetics and the two most common cytosine modifications in a single workflow. DNA is copied and bases are enzymatically converted. Coupled decoding of bases across the original and copy strand provides a phased digital readout. Methods are demonstrated on human genomic DNA and cell-free DNA from a blood sample of a patient with cancer. The approach is accurate, requires low DNA input and has a simple workflow and analysis pipeline. Simultaneous, phased reading of genetic and epigenetic bases provides a more complete picture of the information stored in genomes and has applications throughout biomedicine. A six-letter sequencing workflow can simultaneously detect genetic and epigenetic bases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food insecurity disproportionately affects people with HIV and women in the United States (US). More evidence is needed to understand the interplay between levels of food insecurity and levels of antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence over time, as well as how food insecurity relates to engagement in HIV care. We used random effects models with longitudinal data from the US Women's Interagency HIV Study to estimate the (1) adjusted associations of current and 6-month lagged food security with ART adherence categories (n = 1646), and (2) adjusted associations of food security with engagement-in-care (n = 1733). Very low food security was associated with a higher relative risk of ART non-adherence at prior and current visits compared with food security, and this association increased across non-adherence categories. Very low food security was associated with lower odds of receiving HIV care and higher odds of a missed visit. Food insecurity among US women with HIV is associated with poorer engagement in care and degree of ART non-adherence over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides comprehensive quantitative evidence suggesting that adaptations to extreme temperatures and pH imprint a discernible environmental component in the genomic signature of microbial extremophiles. Both supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms were used to analyze genomic signatures, each computed as the k-mer frequency vector of a 500 kbp DNA fragment arbitrarily selected to represent a genome. Computational experiments classified/clustered genomic signatures extracted from a curated dataset of ∼ 700 extremophile (temperature, pH) bacteria and archaea genomes, at multiple scales of analysis, 1 ≤ k ≤ 6 . The supervised learning resulted in high accuracies for taxonomic classifications at 2 ≤ k ≤ 6 , and medium to medium-high accuracies for environment category classifications of the same datasets at 3 ≤ k ≤ 6 . For k = 3 , our findings were largely consistent with amino acid compositional biases and codon usage patterns in coding regions, previously attributed to extreme environment adaptations. The unsupervised learning of unlabelled sequences identified several exemplars of hyperthermophilic organisms with large similarities in their genomic signatures, in spite of belonging to different domains in the Tree of Life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Bariatric surgery (BS) has several potential metabolic benefits. However, little is known about its impact on changes in the inflammatory potential of diet and its effect on inflammatory and metabolic markers. This study aimed to assess the short-term beneficial effects of BS on dietary inflammatory potential and inflammatory and metabolic markers. Materials and Methods: Participants (n = 20) were evaluated 3 months before and after BS. Body mass, body mass index, anthropometric measurements, fat mass, fat-free mass, visceral fat, skeletal muscle mass, basal metabolic rate, serum lipids, HOMA-IR, QUICKI and inflammatory markers, including leptin, adiponectin, adiponectin/leptin ratio and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), were evaluated. Diet data were collected using a 3-day diet record and the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DIITM) scores were computed. Results: There was a reduction in DII® (2.56 vs 2.13) and E-DIITM (2.18 vs 0.45) indicating an improvement in inflammatory nutritional profile. Moreover, there were increases in the adiponectin/leptin ratio (0.08 vs 0.21) and QUICKI scores (0.31 vs 0.37), and reductions in leptin (36.66 vs 11.41 ng/ml) and HOMA-IR scores (3.93 vs 1.50). There were also improvements in body composition and anthropometric parameters. Conclusions: BS promotes changes in metabolic profile, inflammatory state and food intake and these modifications appeared to be associated with improvements in diet-related inflammation, an increase in the adiponectin/leptin ratio and a reduction in leptin. These results contribute to knowledge on the contribution bariatric surgery can make to the treatment of obesity and the reduction of related comorbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Variation in colorectal neoplasia detection limits the effectiveness of screening colonoscopy. By evaluating neoplasia detection rates of individual colonoscopists, we aimed to quantify the effects of pre-procedural knowledge of a positive (+) multi-target stool DNA (mt-sDNA) on colonoscopy quality metrics. Methods: We retrospectively identified physicians who performed a high volume of + mt-sDNA colonoscopies; colorectal neoplasia at post-mt-sDNA colonoscopy was recorded. These colonoscopists were stratified into quartiles based on baseline adenoma detection rates. Baseline colonoscopy adenoma detection rates and sessile serrated lesion detection rates were compared to post-mt-sDNA colonoscopy neoplasia diagnosis rates among each quartile. Withdrawal times were measured from negative exams. Results: During the study period (2014–17) the highest quartile of physicians by volume of post-mt-sDNA colonoscopies were evaluated. Among thirty-five gastroenterologists, their median screening colonoscopy adenoma detection rate was 32% (IQR, 28–39%) and serrated lesion detection rate was 13% (8–15%). After + mt-sDNA, adenoma diagnosis increased to 47% (36–56%) and serrated lesion diagnosis increased to 31% (17–42%) (both p < 0.0001). Median withdrawal time increased from 10 (7–13) to 12 (10–17) minutes (p < 0.0001) and was proportionate across quartiles. After + mt-sDNA, lower baseline detectors had disproportionately higher rates of adenoma diagnosis in female versus male patients (p = 0.048) and higher serrated neoplasia diagnosis rates among all patients (p = 0.0092). Conclusions: Knowledge of + mt-sDNA enriches neoplasia diagnosis compared to average risk screening exams. Adenomatous and serrated lesion diagnosis was magnified among those with lower adenoma detection rates. Awareness of the mt-sDNA result may increase physician attention during colonoscopy. Pre-procedure knowledge of a positive mt-sDNA test improves neoplasia diagnosis rates among colonoscopists with lower baseline adenoma detection rates, independent of withdrawal time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The respective benefits of high and low doses of dexamethasone (DXM) in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov2) and acute respiratory failure (ARF) are controversial, with two large triple-blind RCTs reaching very important difference in the effect-size. In the COVIDICUS trial, no evidence of additional benefit of high-dose dexamethasone (DXM20) was found. We aimed to explore whether some specific patient phenotypes could benefit from DXM20 compared to the standard of care 6 mg dose of DXM (DXMSoC). Methods: We performed a post hoc exploratory Bayesian analysis of 473 patients who received either DXMSoc or DXM20 in the COVIDICUS trial. The outcome was the 60 day mortality rate of DXM20 over DXMSoC, with treatment effect measured on the hazard ratio (HR) estimated from Cox model. Bayesian analyses allowed to compute the posterior probability of a more than trivial benefit (HR < 0.95), and that of a potential harm (HR > 1.05). Bayesian measures of interaction then quantified the probability of interaction (Pr Interact) that the HR of death differed across the subsets by 20%. Primary analyses used noninformative priors, centred on HR = 1.00. Sensitivity analyses used sceptical and enthusiastic priors, based on null (HR = 1.00) or benefit (HR = 0.95) effects. Results: Overall, the posterior probability of a more than trivial benefit and potential harm was 29.0 and 51.1%, respectively. There was some evidence of treatment by subset interaction (i) according to age (Pr Interact, 84%), with a 86.5% probability of benefit in patients aged below 70 compared to 22% in those aged above 70; (ii) according to the time since symptoms onset (Pr Interact, 99%), with a 99.9% probability of a more than trivial benefit when lower than 7 days compared to a < 0.1% probability when delayed by 7 days or more; and (iii) according to use of remdesivir (Pr Interact, 91%), with a 90.1% probability of benefit in patients receiving remdesivir compared to 19.1% in those who did not. Conclusions: In this exploratory post hoc Bayesian analysis, compared with standard-of-care DXM, high-dose DXM may benefit patients aged less than 70 years with severe ARF that occurred less than 7 days after symptoms onset. The use of remdesivir may also favour the benefit of DXM20. Further analysis is needed to confirm these findings. Trial registration: NCT04344730, date of registration April 14, 2020 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04344730?term=NCT04344730&draw=2&rank=1); EudraCT: 2020-001457-43 (https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=2020-001457-43). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) is a transient cardiac syndrome that manifests with symptoms resembling acute myocardial infarction (MI). It is characterized by temporary wall-motion abnormalities predominantly affecting the apical and mid-portions of the left ventricle, despite the absence of significant obstructive coronary disease. TC poses diagnostic challenges due to its resemblance to ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of TC and identify the factors associated with its occurrence in patients presenting with acute MI in Palestine. Results A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of patients diagnosed with TC at Al-Makassed hospital. Women accounted for 90.7% of TC cases (95% CI 88.2-93.2%). The mean age of affected individuals ranged from 62 to 76 years. The most common presenting symptoms were chest pain (83.4%, 95% CI 80.0-86.7%) and dyspnea (20.4%, 95% CI 16.3-24.5%), often following an emotionally or physically stressful event. Electrocardiography (ECG) on admission indicated ST-segment elevations in 71.1% of cases (95% CI 67.2-75.1%), accompanied by mild elevations of Troponins in 85.0% of cases (95% CI 80.8-89.1%). Despite the initial severity, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) improved from 20-49.9 to 59-76% within a mean time of 7-37 days. The in-hospital mortality rate was 1.7% (95% CI 0.5-2.8%), with complete recovery observed in 95.9% of cases (95% CI 93.8-98.1%) and rare recurrence. The underlying etiology is believed to involve exaggerated sympathetic stimulation. Conclusions TC should be considered as a significant differential diagnosis in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) cases, particularly among postmenopausal women with a preceding stressful event. Our study provides insights into the prevalence and characteristics of TC in the Palestinian population. While stress has been recognized as a potential trigger for TC, further research is needed to explore if there are specific associations between occupation and other unique stressors in the Palestinian context and the prevalence of TC. The study's results can raise awareness among healthcare professionals in Palestine about the prevalence and characteristics of TC in their patient population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among insects, symbionts such as bacteria and fungi can be linked to their physiology and immature development, and in some cases are part of a defense system against parasites and diseases. Current bacterial and fungal symbiont associations in solitary bees are understudied, especially in the Pacific Northwest region of the USA. We collected pollen provisions from the native spring-foraging solitary bee, Osmia lignaria Say, across two distinct foraging periods over 2 years at 22 sites along an urban-to-rural gradient in western Washington. We then used next-generation sequencing to identify bacterial and fungi within pollen provisions and assessed the effect of their richness and diversity on O. lignaria larval development success and adult emergence. We detected a significantly positive relationship between bacterial diversity in pollen with O. lignaria larval developmental success, and higher bacterial richness and diversity during the later foraging period. Fungal generic richness and diversity decreased with increasing plant richness. Although neither was associated with O. lignaria developmental success, we did detect Ascosphaera spp. known to be pathogenic to O. lignaria and other bee species. Neither bacterial or fungal richness or diversity was affected by site type when classified as urban or rural. This study provides new information on bacterial and fungal symbionts present in pollen provisions of a native solitary bee when foraging across urban and rural areas of the Pacific Northwest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the machining-induced residual stress while processing, the machining distortion of thin-walled 7050 aluminum alloy parts occurs easily, which greatly affects the pass rate of the products. Herein, electromagnetic coupling treatment (EMCT) was proposed to relieve the residual stress of 7050 aluminum alloy. It was found that EMCT had a significant effect on residual stress relief (13.3–89.7%). The energy input by EMCT promoted the movement of dislocation, resulting in the uniform distribution of microplastic strain, the release of stored elastic strain energy, and the residual stress relief, ultimately. A numerical simulation method to visualize the evolution of the electromagnetic field, the stress, and the strain in the materials was proposed to explain the causes of microplastic strain. Specimen #5 with the optimal EMCT processing parameter (1.5 T, 1.5 V) was considered to be the most effective for both residual stress relief and mechanical property enhancement, in which the residual stress decreased by 85.1% and the tensile strength increased by 8.3%. In this paper, it is proposed that EMCT can be used as an effective method to reduce the residual stress of 7050 aluminum alloy. Moreover, it has certain technical reference value for the study of residual stress relief of other thin-walled part materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake among adolescents remains suboptimal in the US. The COVID-19 pandemic posed new challenges to increase HPV vaccination rates. To characterize parent-reported barriers to obtain HPV vaccination for their children and to identify psychosocial factors associated with parents' intention to vaccinate their children for HPV, we administered parent surveys between April 2020 and January 2022 during a randomized pragmatic trial assessing the impact of evidence-based implementation strategies on HPV vaccination rates for adolescent patients at six Mayo Clinic primary care practices in Southeast Minnesota. A total of 342 surveys were completed (response rate 34.1%). Analyses were focused on parents of unvaccinated children (n = 133). The survey assessed the main reason the child did not receive the HPV vaccine, parental beliefs about the vaccine, and the parent's intention to vaccinate the child for HPV in the next 12 months. Frequently reported awareness and access barriers to HPV vaccination included not knowing the child was due (17.8%) and COVID-19 related delay (11.6%). Frequently reported attitudinal barriers include the belief that the child was too young for the vaccine (17.8%) and that the vaccine is not proven to be safe (16.3%). Injunctive social norm (Adjusted-OR = 3.15, 95%CI: 1.94, 5.41) and perceived harm beliefs (Adjusted-OR = 0.58, 95%CI: 0.35, 0.94) about the HPV vaccine were positively and negatively associated with HPV vaccination intention, respectively. Our findings suggest that continued efforts to overcome parental awareness, access, and attitudinal barriers to HPV vaccination are needed and underscore the importance of utilizing evidence-based health system-level interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of UPA in RA patients in real clinical practice after 3 and 6 months of therapy. The study included 63 RA patients with high activity of the disease. Activity was assessed according to the DAS28(ESR), DAS28(CRP), SDAI, CDAI; functional ability to HAQ; quality of life to the EQ-5D; disease activity according to the patient's RAPID-3 index; the level of depression and anxiety to the HADS scale. The effectiveness of therapy was evaluated after 3 (n = 45) and 6 (n = 31) months of UPA therapy. Remission or low activity of the disease by 3 months of therapy was achieved by most patients: remission of 69.8% of patients, low activity of the disease—16.3% of patients. Moderate or high activity persisted in 13.9% of patients. By the 6th month of UPA therapy, the number of remissions reached 90%, low activity 3.3%, moderate activity persisted in 6.7% of patients, high activity of the disease was not in any patient. 20% improvement in function was achieved in 71.8% of patients by the 3rd month of therapy and in 77.8% by the 6th month of treatment; the difference in average HAQ values by the 3rd month of therapy was 0.38 points, by the 6th month—0.58 points. After 3 months of follow—up, 31.1% of patients continued taking GC, by 6 months—24.2%. The dose of GC was reduced from an average of 7.23 to 5.6 mg/s. The percentage of patients requiring NSAIDs decreased from 95.2 to 35.6% and 33.3%, respectively. DMARDs continued to be received by 75.6% of patients by 3 months and 69.7% by 6 months of follow-up. Achieving remission or low activity of the disease in patients with RA receiving UPA in real clinical practice is possible in most patients. A rapid decrease in inflammatory activity is accompanied by a significant improvement in the functional state and quality of life of patients. UPA therapy reduces the need for the use of NSAIDs and reduces the dose of GC in a third of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), which are not included in the Sydney diagnostic criteria, in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical significance of IgG antibodies for domain 1 of β2-glycoprotein 1 (β2-GP1), IgG anti-β2-GP1DI, in patients with APS with and without SLE. The study included 187 patients with APS with or without SLE, 49 patients formed the comparison group, and 100 apparently healthy individuals formed the control group. IgG/IgM antibodies to cardiolipin (aCL) and IgG/IgM anti-β2-GP1 were determined by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) in patients with or without APS, and IgG anti-β2-GP1DI was determined by chemiluminescence assay (CLA) in all patients and controls. IgG anti-β2-GP1DI was detected in 37 (71%) of 52 patients with primary APS (PAPS), in 6 (50%) of 12 patients with probable APS, in 42 (71%) of 59 patients with SLE + APS, in 17 (26%) of 64 patients with SLE, in 1 (2%) of the comparison group, and in none of the control group. IgG anti-β2-GP1DI was significantly associated with PAPS and SLE + APS compared with the patients with SLE (p = 0.0002 and 0.0001, respectively). The association of IgG anti-β2-GP1DI with clinical manifestations of APS (thrombosis (p = 0.001) and obstetric pathology (p = 0.04)) was detected. There was a significant association of IgG anti-β2-GP1DI with arterial thrombosis (p = 0.002) and with late gestational obstetric pathology (p = 0.01). High specificity of IgG anti-β2-GP1DI depending on the diagnosis and clinical manifestations of APS despite low sensitivity was noted: specificity was 84% for thrombosis, 94% for obstetric pathology, and 89% for APS. Isolated IgG anti-β2-GP1DI positivity was reported in 2% of 50 aPL-negative patients and was not associated with APS manifestations. The frequency of IgG anti-β2-GP1DI detection was higher in the patients with APS compared to the patients with SLE, comparison group, and control (p < 0.05). Positive IgG anti-β2-GP1DI values were significantly associated with thrombotic complications and with obstetric pathology (p = 0.002 and p = 0.01, respectively). Specificity of IgG anti-β2-GP1DI for APS and its clinical manifestations (thrombosis and obstetric pathology) was higher than sensitivity (89, 94, and 84%, respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Global Antiphospholipid Syndrome Score (GAPSS) is a tool proposed to quantify the risk of clinical manifestations associated with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and certain cardiovascular risk factors. To validate GAPSS in a cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in Russia. 115 patients with SLE were included in the study, including 51 (44%) patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), 14 (12%) SLE patients with aPL, and 50 (44%) patients with SLE. There was a history of thrombosis in 58 (50%) out of 115 patients; of them, 14 (24%) had arterial thrombosis, 29 (50%) had venous thrombosis, and 15 (26%) had combined thrombosis. Pregnancy against the background of the disease occurred in 43 women included in the study. Of them, 29 (67%) had obstetric pathology. Patients with thrombosis and obstetric pathology had a GAPSS score of 7.17 ± 5.64 versus 4.48 ± 4.55 without these manifestations (p = 0.0003). There was a significant association between GAPSS levels and thrombosis: patients with thrombosis had a GAPSS of 7.31 ± 5.70, those without thrombosis—4.00 ± 4.81 (p = 0.001). GAPPS values were higher in arterial thrombosis compared to venous thrombosis (10.40 ± 25.30 versus 5.82 ± 5.28, p = 0.01). GAPSS levels ≥ 6 and ≥10 were analyzed to select GAPSS values at which a high risk of recurrent thrombosis and/or obstetric pathology could be indicated. All GAPSS levels had a significant association with clinical manifestations of APS. The quality of GAPSS by ROC analysis showed an area under the curve (AUC) for GAPSS of 0.697. GAPSS can be used to assess the risk of recurrence or development of thrombosis and/or obstetric pathology in patients with SLE in the Russian Federation. The GAPSS ≥6 values should be used to stratify patients with SLE into high risk group for recurrence of vascular complications. Further prospective follow-up is needed to confirm the value of GAPSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study determined if 18 days of supplementation with blueberries (BL) compared to placebo (PL) could mitigate muscle soreness and damage and improve inflammation resolution in untrained adults (n = 49, ages 18–50 years) after engaging in a 90-min bout of "weekend warrior" eccentric exercise. The BL freeze dried supplement provided 1 cup of fresh blueberries per day equivalent with 805 mg/day total phenolics and 280 mg/day anthocyanins. Urine levels of eight BL gut-derived phenolics increased after 14- and 18-days supplementation with 83% higher concentrations in BL vs. PL (p < 0.001). The 90-min exercise bout caused significant muscle soreness and damage during 4d of recovery and a decrease in exercise performance with no significant differences between PL and BL. Plasma oxylipins were identified (n = 76) and grouped by fatty acid substrates and enzyme systems. Linoleic acid (LA) oxylipins generated from cytochrome P450 (CYP) (9,10-, 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acids) (diHOMEs) were lower in BL vs. PL (treatment effect, p = 0.051). A compositive variable of 9 plasma hydroxydocosahexaenoic acids (HDoHEs) generated from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6) and lipoxygenase (LOX) was significantly higher in BL vs. PL (treatment effect, p = 0.008). The composite variable of plasma 14-HDoHE, 17-HDoHE, and the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-derived oxylipin 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (18-HEPE) (specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators, SPM, intermediates) was significantly higher in BL vs PL (treatment effect, p = 0.014). Pearson correlations showed positive relationships between post-exercise DHA-LOX HDoHEs and SPM intermediates with urine blueberry gut-derived phenolics (r = 0.324, p = 0.023, and r = 0.349, p = 0.015, respectively). These data indicate that 18d intake of 1 cup/day blueberries compared to PL was linked to a reduction in pro-inflammatory diHOMES and sustained elevations in DHA- and EPA-derived anti-inflammatory oxylipins in response to a 90-min bout of unaccustomed exercise by untrained adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]