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Background: Hepatic ischemia‒reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a pathological phenomenon during liver surgery, and bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) exosomes (BMSC-Exos) regulate cell apoptosis and reduce ischemia‒reperfusion injury. We aimed to investigate the roles of BMSC-Exos and miR-25b-3p (enriched in BMSC-Exos) in HIRI and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Approaches and Results: An HIRI mouse model was constructed and preinjected with BMSC-Exos, agomir-miR-25, agomir-miR-NC, or PBS via the tail vein. Compared with mice with HIRI, mice with HIRI preinjected with BMSC-Exos had significantly decreased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and alleviated liver necrosis (P < 0.05). Quantitative hepatic transcriptomics showed that mice with HIRI preinjected with BMSC-Exos exhibited increased cell division, hematopoietic or lymphoid organ development and metabolic processes. miRNA sequencing of BMSC-Exos revealed that miR-25, which is related to I/R injury, was enriched in the exosomes. Compared with HIRI + NC mice, HIRI + miR-25b-3p mice had significantly increased miR-25b-3p expression, decreased ALT/AST levels and apoptosis-related protein expression (P < 0.05), and alleviated liver necrosis. The proliferation of AML-12 cells transfected with miR-25b-3p was significantly higher than that in the mimic NC group (P < 0.01) after hypoxia induction, and the apoptosis rate of cells was significantly lower than that in the NC group (P < 0.01). PTEN was identified as a miR-25b-3p target gene. PTEN expression was significantly diminished in miR-25b-3p-transfected AML12 cells (P < 0.05). HIRI + agomir-miR-25 mice displayed reduced PTEN expression and decreased p53 and cleaved caspase 3 levels compared to HIRI + NC mice. Conclusions: We revealed the roles and underlying mechanisms of BMSC-Exos and miR-25 in HIRI, contributing to the prevention and treatment of HIRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canine kobuviruses (CaKoV) have been found in healthy and diarrheic dogs as well as asymptomatic wild carnivores in various countries. In order to investigate the prevalence and evolution of CaKoV in Tangshan, China, 82 dog fecal samples from pet hospitals in Tangshan were subjected to RT-PCR targeting a segment of the 3D gene of CaKoV. Using this method, we identified CaKoV in 14 samples (17.07%, 14/82). Of the CaKoV-positive samples, 78.57% (11/14) and 50% (7/14) were positive for canine parvovirus and canine coronavirus, respectively. The nucleotide sequences of the 14 strains 96.6%–100% identical to each other and 77.6%–99.2% identical to representative sequences from the NCBI GenBank database. We also amplified the 14 VP1 gene sequences and found that they were 93.3%–99.6% identical to each other and 73.3%–97.8% identical to representative sequences from the NCBI GenBank database. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 14 CaKoV strains from Tangshan are closely related to those identified in China and Thailand and display less similarity to those found in Africa, the United States, and Europe. Our data suggest that CaKoV circulated in young pet dogs in Tangshan and displays a high co-infection rate with CCoV and CPV. However, the relationship between the three viruses and their roles in the host requires further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrodynamic problems of water entry of a wedge are investigated by a modified ghost-cell immersed boundary method. The modifications correspond to a newly proposed scheme for dealing with fluid–body interaction, and incorporation of CIP (Constraint Interpolation Profile) method and THINC/SW (Tangent of Hyperbola for Interface Capturing with Slope Weighting) method. The modified ghost-cell immersed boundary method uses a compact interpolation structure and gives the fluid properties to the ghost cell to achieve a more accurate treatment of fluid–body interaction. It can preserve the sharpness of the immersed boundary. To validate the new method, simulations of water entry of symmetric and asymmetric wedges in a single degree of freedom and water entry of an asymmetric wedge in three degrees of freedom are carried out, respectively. The variations of pressure, vertical velocity, vertical acceleration, angular displacement, and angular acceleration against time are focused on. The evolution of the free surface and velocity distributions of fluid is also analyzed. The results of numerical simulations are compared with available experimental results and fairly good agreement is obtained, which indicates that the present model is reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, 396 samples from diarrheic pigs on 46 pig farms in Jiangsu Province, China, were analyzed by RT-PCR. One-hundred eighty-one pigs from 37 farms tested positive for porcine kobuvirus (PKV). Phylogenetic analysis of the 3D gene from 19 isolates showed sequence homology of 88.0 %-100 % and 69.4 %-100 % for nucleotides and amino acids, respectively, while similarity to isolates of other kobuviruses was 69.6 %-78.8 % and 27.8 %-56.9 %, respectively. One-hundred eighty-five samples contained two or more pathogens, and 31/68 PKV-positive samples tested positive for other diarrheic pathogens, confirming the existence of PKV infection and coinfection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preventive effect of insulin on latent skin lesions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was investigated. Diabetes was induced in 72 male Sprague–Dawley rats, with 36 rats serving as the control group. Half of the diabetic rats were treated with insulin, and the other half were injected with vehicle. Skin tissues were collected 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the initiation of insulin therapy for measurement of glucose, collagen-related fluorescence and advanced glycation end product (AGE) expression, and histological observation. The diabetic rats exhibited changes in skin tissue, including a decrease in thickness, disappearance of the multilayer epithelium structure, degeneration of collagen fibers, and an increase in the infiltration of inflammatory cells, in addition to a significant increase in blood glucose and AGE expression. These effects were greatly ameliorated by insulin therapy. Insulin therapy in early-stage diabetes mellitus prevents potential skin lesions, possibly by inhibiting AGE formation and inflammatory reactions following glycemic control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]