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Although the mechanisms of development of aggression have been focused on day by day, the complicated effects of distal and proximal factors on the development of social aggression in emerging adults have not been uncovered. A serial cascade model of aggression was proposed to address this issue. A longitudinal investigation over 2.5 years was conducted to test this model by exploring the serial cascade effects of relative deprivation (a representative of distal factors) and anger rumination (a representative of proximal factors) on the development of social aggression. A total of 1113 Chinese university students (Mage = 18.95 ± 0.96, 63.10% female) from six universities in five areas participated in this study. The results suggest that developmental trajectories and longitudinal changes in anger rumination mediate the relationship between developmental trajectories and longitudinal changes in relative deprivation and social aggression, and developmental trajectories and changes in relative deprivation mediate the longitudinal relationship between anger rumination and social aggression. These findings support the serial cascade effects of distal and proximal factors on the development of aggression and expand upon the general aggression model (GAM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proactive aggression refers to deliberate and unprovoked behavior, typically motivated by personal gain or expected reward. Reward expectancy is generally recognized as a critical factor that may influence proactive aggression, but its neural mechanisms remain unknown. We conducted a task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment to investigate the relationship between reward expectancy and proactive aggression. 37 participants (20 females, mean age = 20.8 ± 1.42, age range = 18–23 years) completed a reward-harm task. In the experiment, reward valence expectancy and reward possibility expectancy were manipulated respectively by varying amounts (low: 0.5–1.5 yuan; high: 10.5–11.5 yuan) and possibilities (low: 10%–30%; high: 70%–90%) of money that participants could obtain by choosing to aggress. Participants received fMRI scans throughout the experiment. Brain activation regions associated with reward expectancy mainly involve the middle frontal gyrus, lingual gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, anterior cuneus, caudate nucleus, inferior frontal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, anterior central gyrus, and posterior central gyrus. Associations between brain activation and reward expectancy in the left insula, left middle frontal gyrus, left thalamus, and right middle frontal gyrus were found to be related to proactive aggression. Furthermore, the brain activation regions primarily involved in proactive aggression induced by reward expectancy were the insula, inferior frontal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, pallidum, and caudate nucleus. Under conditions of high reward expectancy, participants engage in more proactive aggressive behavior. Reward expectancy involves the activation of reward- and social-cognition-related brain regions, and these associations are instrumental in proactive aggressive decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although low self-control is regarded as an important influence factor of college student smartphone addiction, the mediating mechanism is still unclear. Based on the I–PACE model, the present study aims to explore the multiple mediating roles of social anxiety and procrastination in the effect of self-control on smartphone addiction among college students, as well as the gender differences, using a semi-longitudinal design. Our sample consisted of 1143 Chinese college students (36.4% males; Mage=21.91 years, SD = 1.02 years, range from 19 to 28 years) who completed the Brief Self-control Scale, the Interaction Anxiousness Scale, the Pure Pocrastination Scale, and the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version. SPSS 26.0 was used to analyze correlations among variables and Mplus 8.0 was used to test the structural equation model and gender differences. The results indicated that self-control was negatively associated with smartphone addiction. Social anxiety and procrastination sequentially mediated the link between self-control and smartphone addiction. Furthermore, although the proposed mediation model did not show significant gender differences, we found different associations between self-control, procrastination and smartphone addiction between males and females. The results of this study may contribute to intervention and prevention programs to reduce smartphone addiction among students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We designed a clamping device to study lateral photovoltaic effect (LPE) in Ni-SiO2-Si structure with bias due to the appropriate barrier height. The LPE has a prominent sensitivity and linearity with 532 nm wavelength laser. The transient response time is 450 µs and the relaxation time is 2 250 µs in the Ni-SiO2-Si structure without bias. The LPE sensitivity has a significant improvement with bias. The transient response time is 6 µs and the relaxion time is 47 µs with −7 V bias, not only improving the LPE sensitivity, but also increasing the response speed with bias. The research shows that the Schottky barrier structure can improve the sensitivity and linearity of LPE with bias effectively, and thus it can be used in position sensitive sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social aggression referred to the intentionally antisocial behavior directed to damage others' social reputations or interpersonal relationships through socially manipulative tactics. Sufficient evidence demonstrated the potential role of personality traits such as Machiavellianism in increasing social aggression. However, little was known about the brain structure basis of social aggression and how Machiavellianism and the underlying neuroanatomical mechanisms linked to social aggression. In this investigation, we examined these issues in a sample of 176 undergraduate students via voxel-based morphometry (VBM). The whole-brain regression analyses indicated that the regional gray matter volume (rGMV) in the left superior frontal gyrus (SFG) was linked to both Machiavellianism and social aggression. Furthermore, mediation analysis revealed that the rGMV of the overlapping SFG mediated the relationship between Machiavellianism and social aggression, as well as Machiavellianism mediated the relation between the rGMV of the overlapping region in the SFG and social aggression. These results indicated that Machiavellianism and social aggression shared the common brain correlates in left SFG and provided two possible mediation models regarding the relationship among Machiavellianism, the feature of brain structure and social aggression. Taken together, our study provided the first anatomical evidence that the SFG as the key region related to social aggression, and discovered the possibly underlying brain-personality mechanism behind the development of social aggression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aggressive collective action online has many negative impacts on the online environment and can even lead to political violence or social panic in the offline world. Although the effect of relative deprivation on aggression toward the compared object is well known, the influence of relative deprivation on aggressive collective action online toward deprivation-related provocateurs within the group has been ignored. Thus, this study attempted to explore the effect, as well as the mediating mechanism underlying it. We found that group relative deprivation manipulated by an employment problem scenario (with the triggering event as a covariable) can enhance aggressive collective action online toward deprivation-related provocateurs within the group, with hostile feelings mediating the effect. These results support and develop the relative deprivation theory, frustration–aggression theory, stress and coping theory, and deepen the understanding of the relationship between relative deprivation and aggression. The findings also suggest that colleges should focus more on graduate employment problems and decreasing the relative deprivation experienced by undergraduate students in efforts to prevent aggressive collective action online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Altruism can be predicted by interpersonal traits. However, not all interpersonal traits that could predict altruism have been identified, and the underlying mediation mechanism behind this effect remains unclear. This research assumed that a Chinese indigenous interpersonal trait—interpersonal responsibility trait—would predict altruism (including both altruistic tendencies and altruistic behavior) and that perspective-taking would play a mediating role. Study 1 used questionnaires to examine the relationship between interpersonal responsibility and altruistic tendencies and the mediating effect of perspective-taking among 393 Chinese undergraduates. Study 2 tested the relationship between interpersonal responsibility and altruistic behavior and the mediation model among 95 Chinese undergraduates in a scenario study. In both studies, we found that interpersonal responsibility was positively associated with altruism, and the mediating effects of perspective-taking on the relationship were significant. These findings suggest a new interpersonal trait related to altruism, and prosocial cognitions, such as perspective-taking, may be important mediation mechanisms underlying the effects of interpersonal traits on altruism. Our research supports and expands the interpersonal self-support theory and deepens our understanding of the relationship between personality and prosociality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon materials mainly capture sulfur dioxide (SO2) from gas through physical adsorption, therefore their SO2 capture performance will decrease with the increase in desulfurization temperature. In order to meet the stringent requirements of deep desulfurization, further improvements on carbon materials are necessary, improving their SO2 capture performance and adaptability to changes in desulfurization temperature. In this study, a carbon material (NCP10) was modified with various alkali metal compounds with the aim of enhancing the SO2 capture performance and adaptability to temperature changes. The results showed that the NCP10/LiOH composite had the best average SO2 removal rate (100%) and SO2 capture capacity ( 113.6 mg SO 2 / g material ) within the first hour of reacting at 60 °C, the SO2 removal rate and SO2 capture capacity of the NCP10/LiOH composite were 29% and 29% higher than those of the pure NCP10 material, respectively. While the SO2 capture performance of the NCP10 modified with LiCl, Li2CO3, NaOH and KOH were not sufficient for deep desulfurization, the SO2 capture performance of the NCP10/LiOH(2:1) composite was able to meet the requirements of deep desulfurization in the temperature range of 25–100 °C by the physical adsorption and chemical absorption synergistically effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although aggression's brain correlates have attracted attention in recent years, to date, its principles remain unclear. We speculate that, according to mastery motivation for aggression (disinhibition–control), aggression can be divided into two types, aggression under disinhibition and aggression under control, and that the two types should have different brain correlates. To test our hypothesis, voxel-based morphometry was used to explore the interaction of aggression and self-control on brain structural features (gray matter volume, GMV) in 202 undergraduate and graduate students. The Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) and the Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS) were used to measure individual differences in aggression (including total aggression and the four aggression dimensions) and self-control, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated significant interaction between BPAQ and BSCS scores on the GMV of bilateral Area Fo1 (orbital frontal cortex, OFC). Furthermore, the interactions of two aggression dimensions (physical aggression and anger) and self-control significantly correlated with the GMV of bilateral Area Fo1 and right Area Op5 (frontal operculum, FOP), respectively. Further, moderation effect and simple slope analysis found that, among individuals with high self-control but not among individuals with high disinhibition, aggression (including total aggression and physical aggression) was negatively associated with the GMV of bilateral Area Fo1 and that anger (an aggression dimension) was negatively associated with the GMV of right Area Op5, respectively. These results partly support our hypotheses and help us further understand the brain's structural correlates of aggression in individual differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To better understand the movement characteristics of pedestrians on long stairs, a series of individual evacuation experiments on a 12-level staircase were conducted in a public-access building in China. The factors including movement direction, walking preference, stepping pattern and light conditions were considered in the experiments. Pedestrians' space–time features, individual movement speed, blood pressure (BP) before and after experiments, and the change dynamics of heart rate (HR) during experiments were mainly analyzed and discussed. The mean individual upward speed with double-step pattern and single-step pattern was 0.92 m/s and 0.66 m/s, respectively. The mean individual downward speed with double-step pattern and single-step pattern was 1.01 m/s and 0.82 m/s, respectively. Only systolic BP appeared a significant increase in case of stair-ascending, from 107.26 to 115.02 under the condition of daytime and from 108.39 to 115.64 under the condition of nighttime. The results of HR experienced a sharp increase at the early stage (first around 100 s for stair-ascending and first about 40 s for stair-descending), and then maintained in a very small fluctuation range. The findings in this study can be adopted as input parameters in the evacuation models involving long staircase evacuation. The physiological results (i.e., BP and HR) can be used to evaluate the effort intensity of pedestrians when moving on long stairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transient response of the lateral photovoltaic effect (LPE) was observed when Ti–SiO2–Si structure was irradiated by a 650 nm laser which is attributed to the remarkable absorptivity. LPE is linearly dependent on the laser irradiation position. The LPE has high sensitivity of 68.4 mV/mm and linearity of 0.9853, respectively. This paper focuses on the transient response process of LPE at different laser irradiation positions. The mechanism of the response time of the MOS structure is caused by the diffusion of electrons to the positive and negative electrodes. We experimentally verified this mechanism by laser irradiation on different positions. The principle of transient LPE is revealed by carrier diffusion and recombination theory. LPE has faster response time and larger amplitude when the laser irradiation points are close to electrodes. A resistor–capacitor (RC) circuit model combines with LPE which is established to simulate and analyze the transient process. The research provides a new direction for LPE-based sensors with regard to the amplitude and response time which change with laser irradiation position in Ti–SiO2–Si structure for researchers to develop position-sensitive sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well-known that residual thermal stress poses a significant threat to the stability and reliability of brazed structures. However, theoretical studies focusing on the effects of residual thermal stress on even simple brazed structures remain largely absent from the literature. In this paper, we use complex variable methods to derive theoretical solutions characterizing residual stress fields for annular and bilayer structures. In addition, using a series of numerical examples, we investigate the main factors determining residual thermal stress in brazing. Our results show that both radial and hoop stress are present in the annular structure while the stress component parallel to the interface is the unique principal stress in the bilayer structure. In an annular structure in which the total thickness of materials coincides with the length of the inner radius, the residual thermal stress in the outer base material is four times higher than that of the inner base material. This is attributed to the fact that the two materials have different curvatures. In the case of a thin-wall structure in which the inner radius is ten times that of the total thickness of materials, the corresponding residual thermal stress has no more than 15% error when compared to that from the bilayer structure. Since the distortion of brazed structures is due mainly to the effects of residual thermal stress within the corresponding base materials, it would seem practical to minimize the thickness of the solder used in the brazing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the frequent occurrence of various emergency events, emergency decision making (EDM) has become an important research focus recently and many studies have been conducted to decrease the negative impact of emergencies. Normally, it is essential for decision makers to make satisfactory and reasonable emergency decisions in the shortest possible time as inappropriate decisions may result in enormous economic losses and serious social consequences. To ensure that an emergency response can be made efficiently, we propose a new EDM method by integrating regret theory and evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS) method within the 2-tuple spherical linguistic environment. First, the 2-tuple spherical linguistic term sets (TSLTSs) are employed by decision makers to express their uncertain and vague evaluation information on emergency alternatives. Then, an integrated EDM method based on regret theory and EDAS method is proposed to rank emergency alternatives and find out the optimal one. Besides, the criteria importance through inter-criteria correlation (CRITIC) method is used to determine criteria weights objectively in the EDM process. Finally, the proposed regret theory-EDAS method is applied to select the optimal response solution for a public health emergency in China. The superiority and practicality of the designed method are further justified through a comparative analysis with other EDM methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chenab basin is located in northwest India and eastern Pakistan. Glaciers in Chenab basin, as local freshwater resources, are very important to the regional ecological environment and development. At the same time, SBAS InSAR can monitor the deformation of the ground for a long time, the monitoring accuracy can reach mm level, and can obtain the time series change of deformation, whcih provides a new idea and method for glacier detection. In this study, the deformation from SBAS InSAR was combined with glacial area data to study the glacial changes in Chenab Basin. Sentinel-1 and Landsat series images were used to obtain the deformation and change in the area of glaciers by SBAS InSAR and the semi-automated method. The results showed that glaciers in the Chenab basin retreated rapidly, especially in the past ten years. The glacier area decreased by 88.05 km2 in 1990∼2000 and 118.86 km2 in 2000∼2010, and the glacier area decreased by 236.01 km2 in 2010∼2020, which was the largest rate of change of 9.49%. Moreover, glacial deformation decreased in 2020, and the deformation rate ranged from -146.3 mm/a to 119.52 mm/a. Most glaciers had deformation rates between -50 mm/a and 50 mm/a. Influenced by precipitation and temperature, glacial deformation in the Chenab basin started to change in August, the maximum accumulation was 6,828.43 mm, and the minimum ablation was -20,656.41 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When an emergency occurs, effective decisions should be made in a limited time to reduce the casualties and economic losses as much as possible. In the past decades, emergency decision-making (EDM) has become a research hotspot and a lot of studies have been conducted for better managing emergency events under tight time constraint. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the literature on this topic. The objective of this paper is to provide academic community with a complete bibliometric analysis of the EDM researches to generate a global picture of developments, focus areas, and trends in the field. A total of 303 journal publications published between 2010 and 2020 were identified and analyzed using the VOSviewer in regard to cooperation network, co-citation network, and keyword co-occurrence network. The findings indicate that the annual publications in this research field have increased rapidly since 2014. Based on the cooperation network and co-citation network analyses, the most productive and influential countries, institutions, researchers, and their cooperation networks were identified. Using the co-citation network analysis, the landmark articles and the core journals in the EDM area are found out. With the help of the keyword co-occurrence network analysis, research hotspots and development of the EDM domain are determined. According to current trends and blind spots in the literature, possible directions for further investigation are finally suggested for EDM. The literature review results provide valuable information and new insights for both scholars and practitioners to grasp the current situation, hotspots and future research agenda of the EDM field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aggression is a type of negative social behavior. Agreeableness and anger-related cognition are thought to be important factors that affect aggression. The longitudinal relations among agreeableness, anger-related cognition and aggression, and the affective cognitive path underlying the relationship between agreeableness and aggression are not clear, however. In this study, 942 college students were investigated twice at an interval of six months, using the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, Anger Rumination Scale, and agreeableness subscale of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. The results indicate that: agreeableness negatively predicts anger rumination and aggression after six months; anger rumination positively predicts aggression over time; and anger rumination mediates the longitudinal association between agreeableness and aggression. These results suggest that the prosocial personality may withstand aggression through resisting anger-related cognition. This study deepens our understanding of the relationships between personality and aggression, allowing a development of the General Aggression Model, in terms of recognizing the cognitive pathway for personality to influence aggression, and provides theoretical guidance on reducing the generation of aggression in daily life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seed deterioration due to ageing strongly affects both germplasm preservation and agricultural production. Decelerating seed deterioration and boosting seed viability become increasingly urgent. The loss of seed viability is inevitable even under cold storage. For species with short-lived seed or for regions with poor preservation infrastructure where cold storage is not readily available, seed enhancement is more reliable to increase seed viability and longevity. Antioxidant priming as a way of seed enhancement usually improves seed germination. As for post-priming survival, however, significant uncertainty exists. The controversy lies particularly on seeds of high germination percentage (GP > 95%) whose viability is hardly improvable and the benefits of priming depend on prolonging seed longevity. Therefore, this study timed antioxidant priming to prolong the longevity of high-viability seeds under artificially accelerated ageing (AAA). Rice (Nipponbare) seeds (GP > 97%) under room-temperature-storage (RTS) for 6 months. were resistant to AAA first with little viability loss for a certain period, the resistant stage. This resistance gradually vanished without GP change, during a prolonged RTS period which was named the vulnerable stage. According to the results, although antioxidant priming severely curtailed the resistant stage for seeds with a long plateau in the survival curve, it decelerated viability loss for seeds in the vulnerable stage. In complement to seed storage, priming potentially retains high seed GP which would decrease without seed enhancement. To maximize the benefits of priming for high-GP seeds, two time points are advised as the start of a time window for priming: (1) just at the end of the resistant stage without notable viability loss, which is hard to grasp by GP monitoring; (2) slight but identifiable GP decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Acupuncture & Tuina Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hydrogenation/deuteration of carbon chloride (C−Cl) bonds is of high significance but remains a remarkable challenge in synthetic chemistry, especially using safe and inexpensive hydrogen donors. In this article, a visible-light-photocatalytic watersplitting hydrogenation technology (WSHT) is proposed to in-situ generate active H-species (i.e., Had) for controllable hydrogenation of aryl chlorides instead of using flammable H2. When applying heavy water-splitting systems, we could selectively install deuterium at the C−Cl position of aryl chlorides under mild conditions for the sustainable synthesis of high-valued added deuterated chemicals. Sub-micrometer Pd nanosheets (Pd NSs) decorated crystallined polymeric carbon nitrides (CPCN) is developed as the bifunctional photocatalyst, whereas Pd NSs not only serve as a cocatalyst of CPCN to generate and stabilize H (D)-species but also play a significant role in the sequential activation and hydrogenation/deuteration of C−Cl bonds. This article highlights a photocatalytic-WSHT for controllable hydrogenation/deuteration of low-cost aryl chlorides, providing a promising way for the photosynthesis of high-valued added chemicals instead of the hydrogen evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various design configurations of semi-T-shaped dual-channel micro-reactors were numerically examined for their laminar mass transport performance in heterogeneous catalytic combustion of methane and air. One single-channel and five dual-channel configurations (i.e., parallel, divergent, convergent, zig-zag, and curved configurations) were investigated with a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model. These innovative design configuration were compared in terms of CH4 utilization, pressure drop, CO/CO2 ratio, catalyst utilization, and a performance index at various Reynolds numbers. Dual-channel micro-reactors were found to enhance mass transport due to the well mixed flow and the increased reaction contact area. By suitably modifying the dual-channel layout angle and shape, recirculation zones can be formed within the reactor which increase CH4 utilization. However, the improved conversion rate is achieved at the cost of high pressure drop. The parallel dual-channel design provides the highest conversion per unit pressure drop over the range of the Reynolds numbers studied. For Reynolds numbers of 20 and 40, compared to the single-channel micro-reactor, divergent, convergent and curved channel designs yield higher conversion per unit pumping power. However, further increase of Reynolds number (i.e., 60, 80, and 100) deteriorates their performance due to the significantly increased pressure drop and shorter residence time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Acupuncture & Tuina Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although the relationship between personality and interpersonal trust has been supported, the longitudinal effect of personality on interpersonal trust (especially the unique effects of indigenous Chinese personality traits) has been ignored by prior studies. The present study explored the longitudinal relationship between interpersonal responsibility (an indigenous Chinese interpersonal trait) and interpersonal trust among 1882 undergraduate students over a 6-month interval. Latent structural equation modelling showed that interpersonal responsibility predicted interpersonal trust 6 months later, and the path coefficient from interpersonal trust to interpersonal responsibility was marginally significant. Additionally, the results of hierarchical linear regression analyses showed that after controlling for the Big Five personality traits, interpersonal responsibility predicted interpersonal trust at the same time and over time. These results suggest that interpersonal responsibility may have a unique effect on interpersonal trust that is independent of the effects of the Big Five traits, thus extending the research regarding the relationship between personality and interpersonal trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Acupuncture & Tuina Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A series of Sr2(1−x)NaxP2O7:xSm3+ phosphors with adjustable emission have been synthesized via one-step calcination process of the precursors prepared by co-precipitation method successfully. The crystal structure and luminescent properties of the phosphors were analyzed in detail. Because the Sm3+ could occupy two different types of Sites (Sr1 and Sr2), the emission spectra of the Sr2−xP2O7:xSm3+ phosphors excited at 402 nm showed an emission band consisting of two symmetrical single bands (Em1 and Em2) in the wavelength range of 580-620 nm with a peak at 599 nm (4G5/2 → 6H7/2). The optimal doping concentration of these phosphors was at x = 0.04. The charge compensator Na+ ions can not only improve emission luminous intensity and quantum efficiency (QE) of the Sr2P2O7:Sm3+, but also change the shape and position of the emission peak at 599 nm. The color tunable wide gamut light can be controlled through properly adjusting the excitation wavelength of obtained samples, covering the yellow, orange, carroty and red chromaticity region, indicating Sr2(1−x)NaxP2O7:xSm3+ phosphors have high absorptions from the near ultraviolet to blue region and can be efficiently excited by commercial NUV and blue LEDs, thus can be used for developing warm white LEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diffusion of Tibeto-Burman populations across the Tibetan Plateau led to the largest human community in a high-altitude environment and has long been a focus of research on high-altitude adaptation, archeology, genetics, and linguistics. However, much uncertainty remains regarding the origin, diversification, and expansion of Tibeto-Burman populations. In this study, we analyzed a 7.0M bp region of 285 Y-chromosome sequences, including 81 newly reported ones, from male samples from Tibeto-Burman populations and other related Eastern Asian populations. We identified several paternal lineages specific to Tibeto-Burman populations, and most of these lineages emerged between 6000 and 2500 years ago. A phylogenetic tree and lineage dating both support the hypothesis that the establishment of Tibeto-Burman ancestral groups was triggered by Neolithic expansions from the middle Yellow River Basin and admixtures with local populations on the Tibetan Plateau who survived the Paleolithic Age. Furthermore, according to the geographical distributions of the haplogroups, we propose that there are two Neolithic expansion origins for all modern Tibeto-Burman populations. Our research provides a clear scenario about the sources, admixture process and later diffusion process of the ancestor population of all Tibeto-Burman populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe the effect of Zhen’ai needling method in Nei Jing (Classic of Internal Medicine) on quality of life in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR).Methods: A total of 99 patients with AR who met the inclusion criteria were randomized into a conventional needling group (51 cases) and a Zhen’ai needling group (48 cases). The conventional needling group was treated with acupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36), Hegu (LI 4), Juliao (ST 3), Yingxiang (LI 20), Yintang (GV 29), Shangxing (GV 23) and Baihui (GV 20). The Zhen’ai needling group added acupoints of Zhen’ai needling method {Lieque (LU 7), Shanglianquan [Extra, located at 1 cun above Lianquan (CV 23)] and Tianrong (SI 17)} in addition to points in the conventional needling group. The needles were retained for 30 min. The treatment was performed twice a week. All patients were assessed by total nasal symptom score (TNSS), total ocular symptom score (TOSS) and sino-nasal outcome test-20 (SNOT-20) before and after 15 treatments to evaluate the quality of life. The clinical efficacy was evaluated after 15 treatments.Results: During the treatment, 8 cases dropped out in the conventional needling group and 7 cases in the Zhen’ai needling group. There were no significant differences in TNSS, TOSS and SNOT-20 scores between the two groups before treatment (all P>0.05). After treatment, the total effective rate of the Zhen’ai needling group was 92.7%, versus 88.4% in the conventional needling group. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, there were no significant differences between the two groups in TNSS and TOSS scores (both P>0.05). The SNOT-20 score of the Zhen’ai needling group was lower than that of the conventional needling group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There were statistical differences between the two groups in the scores of cough and nasal reflux (to the throat) of the NOT-20 scale (both P<0.05).Conclusion: Both Zhen’ai needling method and conventional acupuncture are effective in the treatment of AR. Zhen’ai needling method has a better effect than conventional acupuncture in improving cough and nasal reflux (to the throat) in AR patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Y-chromosome haplogroup C2c1a1a1-M407 is a predominant paternal lineage in Mongolic-speaking populations, especially in Buryats and Kalmyks. However, the origin and internal phylogeny of C2c1a1a1-M407 have not been investigated in detail. In this study, we analyzed twenty-three Y-chromosome sequences of haplogroup C2c1a1a1-M407 and its most closely related clades. We generated a high-resolution phylogenetic tree of haplogroup C2c1a1a1-M407 and its upstream clade C2c1a1-CTS2657, including 32 subclades and 144 non-private Y-chromosome polymorphisms. We discover that all available C2c1a1a1-M407 samples from Mongolic-speaking populations belong to its newly defined downstream clade C2c1a1a1b-F8465, whereas all samples of C2c1a1-CTS2657(xF8465) come from northern Han Chinese, Korean, and Japanese. Furthermore, we observe that C2c1a1a1b-F8465 and its subclade C2c1a1a1b1-F8536 expanded at approximately 0.86 and 0.44 thousand years ago, respectively. Therefore, we conclude that C2c1a1a1-M407 in Mongolic-speaking populations has originated from northeastern Asia. C2c1a1a1b1-F8536, the newly defined subclade of C2c1a1a1-M407, probably represents the genetic relationships between ancient Oyrats, modern Kalmyks, Mongolians, and Buryats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to estimate deformation and mechanical properties of material accurately, elastic and plastic deformation behavior of small punch test was discussed in this paper. A two-dimensional finite element model was established based upon the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman(GTN) equation. According to the integration of load—displacement curves with different displacements, the evolution of elastic energy was obtained. The results show that the elastic energy increases quickly in the initial region and tends to be an approximate constant during the plastic bending phase. Meanwhile, an obvious change of the slope of load—displacement curve can be found in the elastic-plastic transition region. The macroscopic deformation and fracture feature were also discussed in order to verify the deformation analysis. Finally, the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of AISI304 were obtained based on the analysis of deformation energy and percent fracture deflection. The results have a good agreement with that of conventional tensile tests, which may provide a theoretical basis of small punch analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on our previous cross-sectional survey, the current study investigated the longitudinal relationship between interpersonal self-support traits and perceived social support in another sample. A sample of 502 Chinese high school students completed the Interpersonal Self-Support Scale for Adolescent Students (ISSS-AS), the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) twice across a 6-month interval. The longitudinal path analysis revealed that after controlling for initial perceived social support, interpersonal initiative and interpersonal flexibility were related to perceived social support six months later through the mediating role of enacted social support at Time1. In addition, interpersonal flexibility was directly associated with perceived social support six months later. The current findings suggested that the interpersonal traits of interpersonal flexibility and interpersonal initiative were related to perceived social support cross time, and might discover a new interpersonal trait related to perceived social support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human Y-chromosome has proven to be a powerful tool for tracing the paternal history of human populations and genealogical ancestors. The human Y-chromosome haplogroup Q is the most frequent haplogroup in the Americas. Previous studies have traced the origin of haplogroup Q to the region around Central Asia and Southern Siberia. Although the diversity of haplogroup Q in the Americas has been studied in detail, investigations on the diffusion of haplogroup Q in Eurasia and Africa are still limited. In this study, we collected 39 samples from China and Russia, investigated 432 samples from previous studies of haplogroup Q, and analyzed the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) subclades Q1a1a1-M120, Q1a2a1-L54, Q1a1b-M25, Q1a2-M346, Q1a2a1a2-L804, Q1a2b2-F1161, Q1b1a-M378, and Q1b1a1-L245. Through NETWORK and BATWING analyses, we found that the subclades of haplogroup Q continued to disperse from Central Asia and Southern Siberia during the past 10,000 years. Apart from its migration through the Beringia to the Americas, haplogroup Q also moved from Asia to the south and to the west during the Neolithic period, and subsequently to the whole of Eurasia and part of Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deformation behavior and formability of gradient nano-grained (GNG) AISI 304 stainless steel in uniaxial and biaxial states were investigated by means of tensile test and small punch test (SPT). The GNG top layer was fabricated on coarse grains (CG) AISI 304 by ultrasonic impact treatment. The results showed that the CG substrate could effectively suppress the strain localization of NC in GNG layer, and an approximate linear relationship existed between the thickness of substrate ( h) and uniform true strain before necking ( ε ). Grain growth of NC was observed at the stress state with high Stress triaxiality T, which led to better ductility of GNG/CG 304 in SPT, as well as similar true strain after the onset of necking ( ε ) compared with coarse 304 in tensile test. Ei-values of GNG/CG 304 with different structures were nearly the same at different punch speeds, and good formability of GNG/CG 304 was demonstrated. However, punch speed and microstructure needed to be optimized to avoid much lost of membrane strain region in biaxial stress state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HBV-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure is prevalent in mainland China. The prognosis of HBV-ACLF is poor. The mortality of HBV-ACLF is approximately 80%. Therefore, a prognostic indicator was needed in order to allow us to intervene as soon as possible. The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scoring system is widely used to predict the prognosis of liver failure. However, the assessment is too complex to restrict its application. This study aimed to investigate the expression of IP-10 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), in order to explore the relationship between the expression and prognosis of patients with HBV-ACLF. The mRNA level of IP-10 in PBMCs were analyzed in 80 patients with HBV-ACLF, 40 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 40 healthy people by fluorescent quantitative PCR. IP-10 mRNA level was significantly higher in the HBV-ACLF group than in the other two groups ( P<0.01). Group with MELD score below 30 had lower IP-10 mRNA level than group with MELD score over 30 ( P<0.05). The IP-10 mRNA level in PBMCs in positive group was higher than that in negative group ( P<0.01). With a threshold of 0.925, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was 0.815. These findings suggest that assessment of IP-10 mRNA level in the PBMCs would be helpful for evaluating the disease severity and prognosis in patients with HBV-ACLF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the problems that the encoding complexity of quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes is high and the minimum distance is not large enough which leads to the degradation of the error-correction performance, the new irregular type-II QC-LDPC codes based on perfect cyclic difference sets (CDSs) are constructed. The parity check matrices of these type-II QC-LDPC codes consist of the zero matrices with weight of 0, the circulant permutation matrices (CPMs) with weight of 1 and the circulant matrices with weight of 2 (W2CMs). The introduction of W2CMs in parity check matrices makes it possible to achieve the larger minimum distance which can improve the error- correction performance of the codes. The Tanner graphs of these codes have no girth-4, thus they have the excellent decoding convergence characteristics. In addition, because the parity check matrices have the quasi-dual diagonal structure, the fast encoding algorithm can reduce the encoding complexity effectively. Simulation results show that the new type-II QC-LDPC codes can achieve a more excellent error-correction performance and have no error floor phenomenon over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel with sum-product algorithm (SPA) iterative decoding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Acupuncture & Tuina Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Acupuncture & Tuina Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To produce new derivatives of 20( S)-protopanaxatriol by fungal biotransformation. Result: Biotransformation of 20( S)-protopanaxatriol ( 1) by Mucor racemosus AS 3.205 afforded six products. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses. M. racemosus could selectively catalyze dehydrogenation at C-12 and further hydroxylation at C-7, C-11, and C-15, as well as rearrangement of double bond at C-26. Two of these new compounds exhibited potent inhibitory activity against SH-SY5Y and HepG2 cell lines. Conclusion: Biotransformation by M. racemosus AS 3.205 was an effective approach to produce new derivatives of 20( S)-protopanaxatriol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The matrix polymer PTBCHNB bearing o-nitrobenzyl group was successfully synthesized by copolymerization of tertiary-butyl methacrylate (TBMA), cyclohexyl methacrylate (CHMA) and o-nitrobenzyl methacrylate (NBMA) via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization method. PTBCHNB was characterized by FTIR, HNMR, GPC and DSC. After UV irradiation, the o-nitrobenzyl groups of PTBCHNB were photocleaved and the resulting carboxyl groups were highly alkali soluble, and PTBCHNB was converted to PCHIBMA bearing carboxyl groups. So, the matrix polymer could be etched by mild alkali solution with no requirements of photoacid generators and other diverse additives. The photocleavable behaviors of PTBCHNB were determined by FTIR, H NMR and TGA analysis. The resist formulated with PTBCHNB and cast in THF solution showed square pattern of 10 μm×10 μm using a mercury-xenon lamp in a contact printing mode and tetramethyl-ammonium hydroxide aqueous solution as a developer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, flow and heat transfer performances of the tubes with internal longitudinal fins in Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR ) cooler were investigated by three-dimension computation and experiment . Each test tube was a single-pipe structure, without inner tube. Three-dimension computation was performed to determine the thermal characteristics difference between the two kinds of tubes, that is, the tube with an inner solid staff as a blocked structure and the tube without the blocked structure. The effects of fin width and fin height on heat transfer and flow are examined. For proving the validity of numerical method, the calculated results were compared with corresponding experimental data. The tube-side friction factor and heat transfer coefficient were examined. As a result, the maximum deviations between the numerical results and the experimental data are approximately 5.4 % for friction factor and 8.6 % for heat transfer coefficient, respectively. It is found that two types of internally finned tubes enhance significantly heat transfer. The heat transfer of the tube with blocked structure is better, while the pressure drop of the tube without blocked structure is lower. The comprehensive performance of the unblocked tube is better to applied in EGR cooler. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Acupuncture & Tuina Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Barium strontium titanate (BaSrTiO, BST) with tree-like and pinecone-like morphologies were prepared through a facile hydrothermal method with BaCl, SrCl and TiCl as raw materials and NaOH as a mineralizer. The morphology, particle size, microstructure and phase evolution of as-prepared product were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM. Based on the results, the influencing factors of detail synthetic process of BST were studied. It was found that the fabrication of BST was elucidated in a rapid process at low temperatures of 180-200 °C and the shapes of BST were controlled with changing proper selection of the synthesis conditions. Moreover, the narrow particle size distribution of the BST with two forms in tree-like and pinecone-like is about 1.4-2.0 µm. In addition, the formation mechanism of BST crystals was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interpersonal self-support is a personality factor that is believed in China to protect against distress. This study explored the relation among interpersonal self-support, venting coping, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a sample of 311 15 to 16 year-olds students 18 months after the Wenchuan earthquake using the Interpersonal Self-Support Scale for Adolescent Students (ISSS-AS), the Coping Style Scale of Middle School Students (CSSMSS), and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). As expected, a moderation model was not supported and venting coping mediated the effect of low interpersonal responsibility ( b = −0.11, p < 0.001) and low interpersonal openness ( b = −0.08, p < 0.001) on PTSD symptoms. Interpersonal independence was inversely related to PTSD symptoms. Overall, the current findings supported the venting coping mediation model with regard to the relationship between interpersonal self-support traits and PTSD symptoms, and have contributed to current knowledge with respect to the relation of personality, venting coping and PTSD symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a numerical simulation for the prediction of time, temperature and liquid fraction during the melting and solidification process in the latent heat storage of phase changed materials (PCM). The mathematical model, regarding the solid-liquid phase change heat transfer based on the enthalpy formulation, has been proposed. Naphthalene was used as the PCM which is contained in up layer of plate-fin thermal storage. Transient simulations were performed using a commercial computational fluid dynamics package, Fluent, based on the finite volume method. This computational model endeavored to describe both the melting and solidification processes of the PCM. A series of numerical calculations have been done in order to analyses the influence of several heat transfer fluid operating conditions and several fin geometric parameters on the thermal storage unit. Numerical results, which could be used for operating conditions and geometry optimization, provide guideline for the design of the latent thermal energy storage system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Y chromosome is one of the best genetic materials to explore the evolutionary history of human populations. Global analyses of Y chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) data can reveal very interesting world population structures and histories. However, previous Y-STR works tended to focus on small geographical ranges or only included limited sample sizes. In this study, we have investigated population structure and demographic history using 17 Y chromosomal STRs data of 979 males from 44 worldwide populations. The largest genetic distances have been observed between pairs of African and non-African populations. American populations with the lowest genetic diversities also showed large genetic distances and coancestry coefficients with other populations, whereas Eurasian populations displayed close genetic affinities. African populations tend to have the oldest time to the most recent common ancestors (TMRCAs), the largest effective population sizes and the earliest expansion times, whereas the American, Siberian, Melanesian, and isolated Atayal populations have the most recent TMRCAs and expansion times, and the smallest effective population sizes. This clear geographic pattern is well consistent with serial founder model for the origin of populations outside Africa. The Y-STR dataset presented here provides the most detailed view of worldwide population structure and human male demographic history, and additionally will be of great benefit to future forensic applications and population genetic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-supporting personality (SSP) is an indigenous Chinese personality concept. It is assumed to be a protective personality factor with regard to depression. In the present study, self-supporting personality traits are assumed to be similar to Big Five personality traits or facets of the Five Factor Model to a considerable degree, but also to contain some tendencies or dispositions which are related to depression in ways that go beyond either the Big Five factors or their sub-factors. The relation of self-supporting personality, Big Five personality, and depression was examined in a sample of 439 Chinese undergraduate students using the Self-Supporting Personality Scale for Adolescent Students (SSPS-AS), the Mandarin Chinese version of Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R), and the Chinese Version of Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Results from the correlation analysis revealed that most SSP traits were significantly correlated with the Big Five personality dimensions and sub-dimensions, but the correlation between personal flexibility and either the Big Five dimensions or their sub-dimensions were modest at best. Results from the hierarchical linear regression analyses showed that interpersonal responsibility, interpersonal openness, and personal independence negatively predicted depression, even after controlling for demographic variables and the Big Five personality, however, the explained variance decreased sharply. These results support the hypothesis that despite some overlap with the Big Five personality, self-supporting personality is related to depression in additional ways that the Big Five personality dimensions or their sub-dimensions are not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fracture property estimation of ductile materials with small volumes at room temperature was performed experimentally and analytically in this study. A modified energy method of the small punch test (SPT) was applied to estimate fracture toughness based on the membrane stretch analysis. The effective strain was assumed to be the average value of center strain and contact boundary strain. To overcome the problem involved in strain calculation by microscopic observation, one relatively simple correlation which related effective fracture strain to displacement was proposed. The results obtained by the modified energy model and conventional experiment were in good agreement. Furthermore, a three-dimensional finite element model was established successfully. The influence of ball diameter and center hole diameter in the lower die on the SPT was analyzed by detailed discussion. Finally, the applicability and accuracy of the modified energy model based on the SPT were proved. An economic, effective energy method can be obtained from the present study to assess the properties of in-service components and micrometer scale materials. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]