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Micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) show great potential as on-chip energy storage devices for portable electronics. The major flaw of thin-film MSCs is their low energy density. To improve the energy density, thicker electrodes are required. However, the fabrication of MSCs with thick electrodes remains a challenge. In this work, a novel 3D printing method is employed to fabricate high-performance MSCs with interdigitated exfoliated graphene (EG)/carbon nanotube (CNT)/silver nanowire (AgNW) electrodes. The nanowelding of AgNW junction plays a critical role in the realization of 3D printing. To enhance the electrochemical performances of EG, phosphorus atoms are incorporated into the carbon framework with 1.7 at%. The areal capacitance of the 3D printed MSC is 21.6 mF cm−2 at a scan rate of 0.01 Vs−1. The areal energy density of the MSC ranges from 0.5 to 2 µWh cm−2 with a maximum power density of 2.5 mW cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gut mucosal layers are crucial in maintaining the gut barrier function. Gut microbiota regulate homeostasis of gut mucosal layer via gut immune cells such as RORγt (+) IL-22(+) ILC3 cells, which can influence the proliferation of mucosal cells and the production of mucin. However, it is unclear how gut microbiota execute this regulation. Here we show that lactobacilli promote gut mucosal formation by producing L-Ornithine from arginine. L-Ornithine increases the level of aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand L-kynurenine produced from tryptophan metabolism in gut epithelial cells, which in turn increases RORγt (+)IL-22(+) ILC3 cells. Human REG3A transgenic mice show an increased proportion of L-Ornithine producing lactobacilli in the gut contents, suggesting that gut epithelial REG3A favors the expansion of L-Ornithine producing lactobacilli. Our study implicates the importance of a crosstalk between arginine metabolism in Lactobacilli and tryptophan metabolism in gut epithelial cells in maintaining gut barrier. Qi, Li, Yun, Zhang et al.show that lactobacilli promote the generation of gut mucosa by facilitating the conversion of arginine to L-Ornithine. This study highlights the importance of a crosstalk between arginine metabolism in Lactobacilli and tryptophan metabolism in gut epithelial cells in maintaining a healthy gut barrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]