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Remote Ischaemic conditioning (RIC), where brief cycles of ischaemia and reperfusion are applied to the limbs, may improve neurological outcome in acute stroke and reduce recurrent stroke. The short-term effect of RIC on the regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF), one possible mechanism for these benefits, was investigated. Healthy participants underwent 5-minute recordings in beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP), electrocardiogram (heart rate, HR), end-tidal CO2 and cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) with transcranial Doppler insonation of the middle cerebral arteries, before and after four cycles of RIC using 5-min inflation of bilateral thigh cuffs followed by 5-min deflation. Mean values were calculated together with estimates for cerebrovascular resistance, transfer function analysis (TFA) and autoregulation index (ARI). Twenty-five individuals (10 male), aged 28 ± 11 years, had increases in mean and diastolic BP after RIC (113 ± 13 vs. 116 ± 13, p = 0.046; 74 ± 8 vs. 76 ± 9 mmHg, p = 0.03; respectively). Systolic and mean CBFV decreased after RIC (94.5 ± 17.7 vs. 90.0 ± 15.5, p = 0.001; 63.9 ± 11.1 vs. 62.2 ± 10.5 cm s–1, p = 0.02; respectively), as well as pulsatility index (0.77 ± 0.11 vs 0.73 ± 0.11, p = 0.001). No changes occurred in ARI. TFA showed changes in very low frequency range with significantly increased power oscillations (BP and CBFV) and reduction in phase shift (1.04 ± 0.35 vs. 0.76 ± 0.34 radians, p < 0.01). RIC using bilateral thigh cuffs achieved short-term changes to the cerebrovascular and cardiovascular systems. Further evidence is required to establish the effects in a stroke population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]