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Throughout the ages, there have been so many cultural heritages, suffering from natural damage caused by wind, rain, thunder, fire, earthquake, insects and mildew, and also from man-made damage resulting from inadequate conservation and improper handling. Therefore, cultural heritages are in urgent need of conservation and restoration. The conservation of cultural heritages refers to creating a safe and appropriate environment and taking positive measures to increase their life spans and avoid deterioration and damage. Thus, the status of cultural heritages and their surrounding environment, such as temperature, humidity, CO2 density and the state of microorganisms and vegetation should be monitored in real-time. In addition, the storeroom, the exhibition hall and even transportation should also be safeguarded. Restoration aims to artificially restore damaged cultural heritages and improve their conservation status and prolong their ˵life″. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural heritages involve rich historic, artistic and scientific information, which can not only help people to understand implicit heritage values but also can create new values. As the meaning of development and utilization varies in different fields, we specifically define here the meaning of ˵development and utilization″ as used in this chapter. Development refers to the extraction, mining and expression of cultural heritages΄ information, including both the noumenal information and the valuable implicit information. Utilization refers to re-creation based on the extracted and mined valuable information about cultural heritages, such as the copying of ancient drawings or the creation of patterns based on murals΄ style learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ancestors created a brilliant ancient civilization and left a great amount of precious cultural heritages. The exhibition of these cultural heritages is an important way of appreciating their historical, artistic, and scientific value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archaeology is the science that studies ancient human society and history through remains and other environmental data left by ancient human beings. The development of archaeology depends more and more on natural science and engineering technologies. The introduction of computer technology to archaeology will definitely bring revolutionary changes in at least two aspects, by improving work efficiency and meanwhile developing a new research method for archaeology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural heritage relics are the sedimentary accumulation of human civilization over thousands of years, containing valuable historic, cultural and scientific information. How to preserve, study, and utilize them effectively is a significant scientific and technological issue. Research and technology have provided new means for the preservation and utilization of cultural heritage items. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the previous chapters, we introduced many aspects of some key technologies including digitalization, research aiding, conservation aiding, digital exhibition and digital utilization. These technologies have been successfully applied in some applications in many key heritage conservation units. Meanwhile, these applications also draw on some new requirements from these technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A variety of cultural heritages are undergoing natural and man-made destruction, thus some important information is being lost. For example, an enormous amount of information has been lost from excavations despite the great amount of precious relics and cultural information gained. Iwanami Shoten, a famous Japanese archaeologist, once claimed that an archaeological excavation report is in fact ˵a Medical Certificate of Death″. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural heritages contain rich information regarding society, history and cultural values. How to investigate and utilize such information effectively is a significant scientific and technological issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural heritage is unique and non-renewable while digital information about cultural heritage has the advantages of being permanently stored, and conveniently copied and shared. Hence it can provide a new method for scientific conservation, research, interactive exhibition, as well as utilization of cultural heritage. Current developments in computer networks, multimedia, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence have provided a solid foundation for the digitalization of cultural heritage information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retrieval of similar scenes in ancient murals research is an important but time-consuming job for researchers. However, content-based image retrieval (CBIR) systems cannot fully deal with such issues since they lack of the abilities to handle complex semantic and image composition queries. In this paper, we introduce a new semantic scene-retrieval approach for ancient murals. Our method can retrieve related scenes according to both their content elements and their composition through a two-phase procedure. Then, retrieved scenes are ranked according to composition-based criterion that incorporates the relevance of semantic content and visual structures with scene compactness ratio. Hence, the sorted results are tailored to the real intent of query. The experiments demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our approach to reduce the semantic gap of visual information retrieval. Furthermore, the retrieval results for Dunhuang murals suggest the potential applications for general paintings retrieval and personalized publishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dunhuang Motao Grottoes consist of about 45000 square meters murals, which are the most important part of the Dunhuang Art. As Dunhuang murals are rich in contents, large in sizes and amounts, high resolution and high fidelity acquisition techniques are required for storage. It is significantly important to exhibit the murals vividly and tell the recondite stories to the public. How to browse these high resolution mural images effectively is an important technical issue. In the paper, a novel multi-resolution image partition method is presented, thus the system can efficiently load and splice these partitioned images with proper resolution during browsing. A natural gesture interaction approach is also brought forward for convenient browsing of the murals. Gesture detection is used to get the moving and zooming operation instructions from the user. Using gesture approaches, the user can interact with the system without wearing or operating any device, but swinging the arms. The results show that the system can effectively exhibit high resolution mural images with convenient interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, there are two types of scanner in digitizing ancient paintings and calligraphy, linear CCD based table scanner and photographing based scanner. The previous work shows the latter is more suitable for museums and libraries. The only advantage of the former is the precision. Thus, methods must be proposed to make the latter no longer more imprecise than the former, which the previous papers fail to consider. This paper will introduce vignetting correction, camera orientation correction and system implementation including high precision criteria workflow of scanning and results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is of great significance to digitize ancient paintings and calligraphy, especially for a country with five thousand years of history and rich cultural heritages. Millions of paintings and calligraphy are haunted by various diseases or even natural disasters and the only way to eternalize them is to store their digital replica in computers, which many museums and libraries are planned or started to do. A typical way to acquire them is use a linear CCD based large area table scanner. But this kind of solution has great drawbacks in terms of precision as well as scanning range, which prohibit its use in museums and libraries. Our lab has recently developed a new equipment to solve these drawbacks and hopefully it would shed new light on the documentation of ancient paintings and calligraphy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multi-projector calibration and alignment method, which has no assumptions on projection surfaces΄ shape, is presented. Based on surface flatness analysis, the method will automatically partition the projection surface into pieces, more at none flat regions and less at flat ones, as flat region will cause less distortions. Corresponding to these pieces, an image will first be cut into some sub-images, and then projected onto the surfaces using texture warping method. The principle which ensures the inner projector distortion correction is proved, that is if a camera captures an undistorted projected image, human eye will also observe an undistorted one at that spot. Multi-projector alignment is achieved by projecting images which are rendered according to the camera΄s extrinsic parameters during the course of coded structured light capturing. Because the camera can capture a wide field of view area by moving and rotating itself, the alignment method has a build-in support for scalability in view filed. The whole work of calibration and alignment can be done in a single camera capture process. Results show that the proposed method is efficient and robust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual reconstruction of cultural heritage is not only the basis but also one of important contents of its digitized research. The techniques of interactive texture reconstruction researched in this article are of great significance to heighten the effect of virtual reconstruction of cultural heritage. Firstly, interactive and precise texture mapping is aiming at establishing the relationship between texture images and 3D models by appointed corresponding points interactively. The process is based on the traditional camera calibration. For a camera with known intrinsic parameters, three pair of corresponding points will be used to calculate the initial value of extrinsic parameters, and more corresponding points will be used to refine the result. For a camera with unknown intrinsic parameters, an implicit projection matrix will be calculated directly. Secondly, a fast occlusion culling method will be used to remove hidden triangle from texture mapping. At last, a natural neighbor interpolation method will be used to minimize the texture mapping error caused by lens distortion of the camera and the error of 3D scanner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lacunas are a common form of the damage that can occur to paintings and more often to murals. Taking Dunhuang murals as research background, a new algorithm to detect and segment the lacuna area from mural images is proposed, which consists of a training phase and a runtime phase. In the training phase, a Bayesian classifier is trained. At runtime, the Bayesian classifier is first applied to perform the rough lacuna regions detection. Then, a graph representing the mural image is built with output of the Bayesian classifier. The domain knowledge of murals is incorporated into the graph in this step. At last, the image segmentation using graph cut is done based on the minimal cut/maximal flow algorithm. The outputs of the image segmentation are lacuna regions and background regions. About 250 high resolution Dunhuang mural images are collected to test the proposed method΄s performance. Experimental results have demonstrated its validity under certain variations. This research has the potential to provide a computer aided tool for mural protectors to restore damage mural paintings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worm research depends on simulation to a large degree due to worm propagation characters. In worm simulation, worm traffic generation is the base to analyze influences of worm traffic on network. The popular Random Constant Spread (RCS) model ignores the burstiness of "latency-limited" worm traffic, which will cause underestimation of the influences. According to worm scan behaviors, the Periodic Burst Scanning (PBS) model is proposed to model "latency-limited" worm traffic. Simulation results show that network performance decreases much more with PBS model than that with RCS model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-rate TCP-targeted Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack (shrew) is a new kind of DoS attack which is based on TCP's Retransmission Timeout (RTO) mechanism and can severely reduce the throughput of TCP traffic on victim. The paper proposes a novel mechanism which consists of effective detection and response methods. Through analyzing sampled attack traffic, we find that there is a stable difference between attack and legitimate traffic in frequency field, especially in low frequency. We use Sum of Low Frequency Power spectrum (SLFP) for detection. In our algorithm the destination IP address is used as flow label and SLFP is applied to every flow traversing edge router. If shrew is found, all flows to the destination are processed by Aggregated Flows Balance (AFB) at a proper upstream router. Simulation shows that attack traffics are restrained and TCP traffics can obtain enough bandwidth. The result indicates that our mechanism is effective and deployable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The limitation of network resource reduces the awareness capability of CVE system, which becomes the main bottleneck for applications in Internet. In this paper, we study the relationship between the awareness capability of system and network parameters, such as latency, jitter, and data loss rate; also, according to the features and preferences of user awareness, a network-status-based solution is proposed for self-adaptable awareness scheduling. Moreover, the scheduling algorithm is implemented and verified by a prototype system, results from which indicate that awareness scheduling is useful for decreasing the loss of the awareness capability of system in a limited or unstable network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Active stereo display system simulates the principle of human viewing, which generates two view images, one for each eye, switched by electronic glasses. Existing stereo development libraries, e.g. CAVELib, Avocano, require fully or partially understanding, at least caring of stereo display principles. Furthermore, most of existing libraries are used to develop a full application with all stereo display functions, e.g. multi-tasking, shared memory, stereo displaying, and so on. MultiPro is a PC cluster based system developed by C++ and Qt library. It's composed of following modules of controller, renderer, MultiPro Library, communication layer and application module. Benefiting from modular design, the application developer doesn't need to know anything about stereo display principles and the platform architecture. Besides, different applications can be switched at run-time of the platform, without the inconvenient switch of application processes. Three typical applications were developed and the results were excellent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worms have been becoming a serious threat in web age because worms can cause huge loss due to the fast-spread property. To detect worms effectively, it is important to investigate the characteristics of worm traffic at individual source level. We model worm traffic with the multi-fractal process, and compare the multi-fractal property of worm and normal traffics at individual source level. The results show that the worm traffic possesses less multi-fractal property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]