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Given a real number q and a star body in the n-dimensional Euclidean space, the generalized dual curvature measure of a convex body was introduced by Lutwak et al. (Adv Math 329:85–132, 2018). The corresponding generalized dual Minkowski problem is studied in this paper. By using variational methods, we solve the generalized dual Minkowski problem for q < 0 , and the even generalized dual Minkowski problem for 0 ≤ q ≤ 1 . We also obtain a sufficient condition for the existence of solutions to the even generalized dual Minkowski problem for 1 < q < n . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The partitioning of cross-equatorial heat transport between the atmosphere and the ocean is investigated through a series of fully coupled experiments, where external radiative forcing is applied over different latitudinal bands. The modeling results reveal a first-order collaborative relationship between the ocean and the atmosphere. In response to low-latitude perturbations, the cross-equatorial heat transport is realized mainly through the atmosphere, as the total ocean heat transport (OHT) is largely offsets by its horizontal gyre component. However, as perturbations shift to higher latitudes in both hemispheres, the OHT responses become more important. We also find a significant interhemispheric asymmetry in the cross-equatorial heat transport, with the OHT contribution being more important in the Southern Hemisphere. This asymmetry is mainly attributed to different responses in the changes of the ocean circulation. When the radiative forcing is placed over the Southern Ocean, a buoyancy-driven clockwise cell is generated that extends from the Southern Ocean into the tropics in both the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic basins, effectively transporting energy to the northern hemisphere. Conversely, when the radiative forcing is placed over the northern high latitudes, the weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation is responsible for the anomalous southward heat transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) might have great effect on ecological security and human health. Oceans are important reservoirs that receive tremendous amounts of pollutants globally. However, information on the proliferation of ARGs in seawater is still limited. This study performed field sampling to investigate the occurrence and distribution of ARGs in seawater of the South China Sea, which is the deepest and largest sea in China. The results showed that the total absolute abundances of ARGs in seawater samples ranged from 2.1 × 103 to 2.3 × 104 copies/mL, with an of 5.0 × 103 copies/mL and a range of 2.2 × 103–1.8 × 104 copies/mL for those with mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Genes resistant to multidrug, aminoglycoside, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolone antibiotics accounted for 77.3%–88.6% of total ARGs in seawater. Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria represented 32.1%–56.2% and 30.4%–49.5% of microbial community, respectively. Prochlorococcus_MIT9313 and Clade_la were the prevalent genera in seawater of the South China Sea. Complex co-occurrence relationship existed among ARGs, MGEs, and bacteria. Anthropogenic activities had critical influence on ARGs and MGEs. Hospital wastewater, wastewater treatment plant effluent, sewage, aquaculture tailwater, and runoff were determined as the important sources of ARGs in seawater of the South China Sea based on positive matrix factorization analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stapokibart/CM310, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the interleukin-4 receptor α chain, has shown promising treatment benefits in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in previous phase II clinical trials. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of stapokibart in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. Methods: Enrolled patients who previously completed parent trials of stapokibart received a subcutaneous stapokibart 600-mg loading dose, then 300 mg every 2 weeks up to 52 weeks. Efficacy outcomes included the proportions of patients with ≥ 50%/75%/90% improvements from baseline of parent trials in the Eczema Area and Severity Index, Investigator's Global Assessment, and weekly average of the daily Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale. Results: In total, 127 patients were enrolled, and 110 (86.6%) completed the study. At week 52, the Eczema Area and Severity Index-50/75/90 response rates were 96.3%, 87.9%, and 71.0%, respectively. An Investigator's Global Assessment 0/1 with a ≥ 2-point reduction was achieved in 39.3% of patients at week 16, increasing to 58.9% at week 52. The proportions of patients with ≥ 3-point and ≥ 4-point reductions in the weekly average of daily Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale scores were 80.2% and 62.2%, respectively, at week 52. Improvement in patients' quality of life was sustained over a 52-week treatment period. Treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 88.2% of patients, with an exposure-adjusted event rate of 299.2 events/100 patient-years. Coronavirus disease 2019, upper respiratory tract infection, and conjunctivitis were the most common treatment-emergent adverse events. Conclusions: Long-term treatment with stapokibart for 52 weeks showed high efficacy and good safety profiles, supporting its use as a continuous long-term treatment option for atopic dermatitis. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04893707 (15 May, 2021). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocrystalline metallic materials have the merit of high strength but usually suffer from poor ductility and rapid grain coarsening, limiting their practical application. Here, we introduce a core-shell nanostructure in a multicomponent alloy to address these challenges simultaneously, achieving a high tensile strength of 2.65 GPa, a large uniform elongation of 17%, and a high thermal stability of 1173 K. Our strategy relies on an ordered superlattice structure that excels in dislocation accumulation, encased by a ≈3 nm disordered face-centered-cubic nanolayer acting as dislocation sources. The ordered superlattice with high anti-phase boundary energy retards dislocation motions, promoting their interaction and storage within the nanograins. The disordered interfacial nanolayer promotes dislocation emission and effectively accommodates the plastic strain at grain boundaries, preventing intergranular cracking. Consequently, the order-disorder core-shell nanostructure exhibits enhanced work-hardening capability and large ductility. Moreover, such core-shell nanostructure exhibits high coarsening resistance at elevated temperatures, enabling it high thermal stability. Such a design strategy holds promise for developing high-performance materials. Nanocrystalline metallic materials have the merit of high strength, but usually suffer from poor ductility and rapid grain coarsening. Here, the authors develop a nanocrystalline core-shell alloy to overcome these challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There exists a warming deficit in sea surface temperatures (SST) over the subpolar North Atlantic in response to quadrupled CO2, referred to as the projected North Atlantic warming hole (WH). This study employs a partial coupling technique to accurately verify the relative roles of oceanic and atmospheric processes in the formation of the projected WH within an atmosphere-ocean coupled framework. By decomposing the SST anomalies in the subpolar North Atlantic into two components: those induced by atmospheric processes (i.e., the atmosphere-forced component) and those driven by changes in ocean circulation (i.e., the ocean-driven component), we find that the projected WH is primarily driven by changes in ocean circulation, with almost no contribution from atmospheric processes. Specifically, the slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) results in a cooling of SST in the WH region due to reduced northward ocean heat transport into this region. This study further quantifies the influence of a positive coupled feedback through surface heat flux (SHF) on the AMOC response under greenhouse gas forcing within this self-consistent framework. It is found that the AMOC slowdown leads to a negative SST anomaly in the subpolar North Atlantic and subsequently a positive ocean-driven SHF anomaly, which in turn further weakens the AMOC. This positive feedback through the SHF contributes about 50% to the total AMOC slowdown in response to quadrupled CO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High voltage AC/DC cables require thicker insulation to ensure excellent insulation performance. Selecting the appropriate crosslinker to design the crosslink and crystalline structure of XLPE is key to the insulating properties. Although the crystallinity of XLPE has been extensively studied by using X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimeters, few researchers have designed in situ experiments to observe its structure. In this paper, we have created an in situ observational experiment to monitor the structural changes of XLPE insulation. XLPE formed by DTAP crosslinker produces lower gas byproducts, which can effectively reduce the degassing time and energy consumption. The test results and COMSOL simulations indicate that the XLPE formed by straight-chain alkane crosslinkers has better mechanical, thermal and electrical insulating properties than cyclic alkane crosslinkers. Our work is of great significance for selecting suitable crosslinker to control the structure of XLPE and determining the production conditions for high-voltage cables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-dimensional images can be viewed as tensors and have often embedded a low-rankness property that can be evaluated by tensor low-rank measures. In this paper, we first introduce a tensor low-rank and sparsity measure and then propose low-rank and sparsity models for tensor completion, tensor robust principal component analysis, and tensor denoising. The resulting tensor recovery models are further solved by the augmented Lagrangian method with a convergence guarantee. And its augmented Lagrangian subproblem is computed by the proximal alternative method, in which each variable has a closed-form solution. Numerical experiments on several multi-dimensional image recovery applications show the superiority of the proposed methods over the state-of-the-art methods in terms of several quantitative quality indices and visual quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cooling capacity of a typical dilution refrigerator is mainly determined by the circulating flow of the He-3 in the system, which is usually realized by the external circulation pump. In order to increase the concentration of circulating He-3, the still often take the orifice structure to limit the influence of the superfluid helium film, and this structure will also have a certain impact on the flow rate of He-3. This paper summarizes the flow rate models of each part of the orifice structure, and establishes a model related to the influence of pumping speed and the diameter of orifice on the flow rate of circulating He-3. The relationship between pumping speed and flow rate is developed and the relation is divided into three phases for detailed analysis. It is found that the flow rate and the concentration of circulating He-3 increase first and then decrease with the increasing diameter of orifice at a certain pumping speed, and the possible reasons for this phenomenon are analyzed. The results indicate that there is an optimal orifice diameter at a determined pumping speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glutamate is traditionally viewed as the first messenger to activate NMDAR (N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor)-dependent cell death pathways in stroke1,2, but unsuccessful clinical trials with NMDAR antagonists implicate the engagement of other mechanisms3–7. Here we show that glutamate and its structural analogues, including NMDAR antagonist l-AP5 (also known as APV), robustly potentiate currents mediated by acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) associated with acidosis-induced neurotoxicity in stroke4. Glutamate increases the affinity of ASICs for protons and their open probability, aggravating ischaemic neurotoxicity in both in vitro and in vivo models. Site-directed mutagenesis, structure-based modelling and functional assays reveal a bona fide glutamate-binding cavity in the extracellular domain of ASIC1a. Computational drug screening identified a small molecule, LK-2, that binds to this cavity and abolishes glutamate-dependent potentiation of ASIC currents but spares NMDARs. LK-2 reduces the infarct volume and improves sensorimotor recovery in a mouse model of ischaemic stroke, reminiscent of that seen in mice with Asic1a knockout or knockout of other cation channels4–7. We conclude that glutamate functions as a positive allosteric modulator for ASICs to exacerbate neurotoxicity, and preferential targeting of the glutamate-binding site on ASICs over that on NMDARs may be strategized for developing stroke therapeutics lacking the psychotic side effects of NMDAR antagonists.Glutamate functions as a positive allosteric modulator for acid-sensing ion channels to exacerbate ischaemic neurotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multi-directional functionally graded material (FGM) becomes now a new type of graded composite materials. Investigation about the circumferentially functionally graded (CFG) cylindrical shell is important for the investigation and design of the multi-directional FGM shell. Because of the difficulty in treating the variable-coefficient partial differential equations (PDEs) for the CFG cylindrical shell, analytical methods for the CFG cylindrical shell are still unavailable in the literature. In this study, thin shell theory is employed to describe the vibration of the CFG shell. To avoid dealing with the variable-coefficient PDEs for the CFG shell directly, the internal and inertial forces of the shell are expanded into Fourier series in the azimuthal direction, and the Fourier space equations of motion for the CFG shell represented by the Fourier components of the internal and inertial forces of the shell are established first. Then, the convolutional-type constitutive relations for the internal and inertial forces of the CFG shell are developed by using the azimuthal Fourier expansions of the internal and inertial forces as well as parameters for the shell. Combination of the Fourier space equations of motion with convolutional-type constitutive relations for the CFG shell yields the frequency domain constant-coefficient ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in series form for the CFG shell. To show the application of the series form ODEs for the CFG shell, analytical methods for the free vibration of a finite CFG cylindrical shell and forced vibration of an infinite CFG cylindrical shell surrounded by a Winkler elastic medium and subjected to a harmonic line load are developed. With the developed analytical methods for the CFG shell, some numerical results for the free vibration of the finite CFG cylindrical shell and forced vibration of the infinite CFG cylindrical shell are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluorescence imaging can be employed in fields of medical treatment, astronomical exploration, and national defense security. Traditional fluorescence imaging often takes the single-photon techniques, which is vulnerable to background interference and photobleaching. Remedially, two-photon fluorescence imaging can achieve much higher-resolution fluorescence imaging for reducing scattering and deeper depth. Hence, by assembling the tetraphenylethylene backbones with nontoxic and non-noble K+ ions, compound 1 ([(Hdma)K(H2ettc)]n, H4ettc = 4′,4′″,4′″″,4′″″″(ethene-1,1,2,2-tetrayl)tetrakis(([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxylic acid))) with the crystallization-induced emissions exhibited charming fluorescence imaging under two-photon excitation microscopy (TPEM). Besides, luminescent powders based on compound 1 can achieve high-resolution fingerprint recognition, providing secure access control and identification for a novel authentication method. Compared with the commercial fluorescent dyes coumarin-6, the as-synthesized compound 1 showed great solvent stability, indicating its durability against harsh environment. Moreover, compound 1 shows mechanoluminescent properties for the perturbation of weak supramolecular interactions within ordered arrangements of the H2ettc2− ligands. This novel compound has provided an important insight to the development of two-photon fluorescence imaging and advanced external-stimuli responsive materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let { (M n - 1 B n , C n) } n = 1 ∞ be a compatible tower on R d and let μ { M n } , { B n } be the Moran measure generated by infinite convolutions of discrete measures induced by them. In this paper, we first prove that under certain situations, the compatible tower condition can ensure that μ { M n } , { B n } is a spectral measure, that is the Hilbert space L 2 (μ { M n } , { B n } ) admits an exponential orthonormal basis. Furthermore, if we restrict { M n , B n } n = 1 ∞ to be a class of generalized Sierpinski-type family, then we obtain that the existence of compatible tower and the spectrality of μ { M n } , { B n } are equivalent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated skin disease associated with neurogenic inflammation, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. We demonstrate here that acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) exacerbates psoriatic inflammation through a sensory neurogenic pathway. Global or nociceptor-specific Asic3 knockout (KO) in female mice alleviates imiquimod-induced psoriatic acanthosis and type 17 inflammation to the same extent as nociceptor ablation. However, ASIC3 is dispensable for IL-23-induced psoriatic inflammation that bypasses the need for nociceptors. Mechanistically, ASIC3 activation induces the activity-dependent release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from sensory neurons to promote neurogenic inflammation. Botulinum neurotoxin A and CGRP antagonists prevent sensory neuron-mediated exacerbation of psoriatic inflammation to similar extents as Asic3 KO. In contrast, replenishing CGRP in the skin of Asic3 KO mice restores the inflammatory response. These findings establish sensory ASIC3 as a critical constituent in psoriatic inflammation, and a promising target for neurogenic inflammation management. Psoriasis is a skin disease associated with neurogenic inflammation. Here, the authors activation of ASIC3 on sensory neurons that leads to the release of CGRP, which triggers inflammation through dendritic cells and drives psoriatic inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arctic Amplification (AA), the amplified surface warming in the Arctic relative to the globe, is a salient feature of climate change. While the basic physical picture of AA has been depicted, how its degree is determined has not been clearly understood. Here, by deciphering atmospheric heat transport (AHT), we build a two-box energy-balance model of AA and derive that the degree of AA is a simple nonlinear function of the Arctic and global feedbacks, the meridional heterogeneity in radiative forcing, and the partial sensitivities of AHT to global mean and meridional gradient of warming. The formula captures the varying AA in climate models and attributes the spread to models' feedback parameters and AHT physics. The formula clearly illustrates how essential physics mutually determine the degree of AA and limits its range within 1.5-3.5. Our results articulate AHT as both forcing and feedback to AA, highlight its fundamental role in forming a baseline AA that exists even with uniform feedbacks, and underscore its partial sensitivities instead of its total change as key parameters of AA. The lapse-rate feedback has been widely recognized as a major contributor to AA but its effect is fully offset by the water-vapor feedback. The authors show that the degree of amplified warming in the Arctic relative to the rest of the globe can be analytically understood from a simple nonlinear formula of five key physical parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saccharomyces cerevisiae D65 isolated from the Malus asiatica naturally fermented liquid was used as the parental strain for mutation breeding of atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP). The mutant strains with excellent characteristics were obtained through acid resistance test, esterase activity test, and fermentation test multi-step screening. The results showed that the specific activity of total esterase of D65-4D10 was 2428.30 U·g−1, and the ester content in the fermented Malus asiatica wine was 5710.75 ug·L−1, which was 20.69% and 41.64% higher than that of the parental strain, respectively. Moreover, the Malus asiatica wine fermented by D65-4D10 had stronger antioxidant capacity than the control, the highest score in sensory evaluation, and completed fermentation 24 h earlier than commercial yeast. After seven generations of continuous culture, the fermentation performance of D65-4D10 remained stable and had the potential to be applied to Malus asiatica wine fermentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in maintaining immune homeostasis in multiple sclerosis (MS). Hence, we aimed to explore the therapeutic efficacy and safety of adoptive cell therapy (ACT) utilizing induced antigen-specific Tregs in an animal model of MS, that is, in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. B cells from EAE model that were activated with soluble CD40L were used as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to induce the differentiation of antigen-specific Tregs from naïve CD4 precursors, and then, a stepwise isolation of CD4+CD25highCD127low Tregs was performed using a flow sorter. All EAE mice were divided into Treg-treated group (2 × 104 cells in 0.2 mL per mouse, n = 14) and sham-treated group (0.2 mL normal saline (NS), n = 20), which were observed daily for clinical assessment, and for abnormal appearance for 6 weeks. Afterward, histological analysis, immunofluorescence and real-time PCR were performed. Compared to sham-treated mice, Treg-treated mice exhibited a significant decrease in disease severity scores and reduced inflammatory infiltration and demyelination in the spinal cord. Additionally, Tregs-treated mice demonstrated higher CCN3 protein and mRNA levels than sham-treated mice. The results of this preclinical study further support the therapeutic potential of this ACT approach in the treatment of MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: While the role of drug-eluting beads transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is established, questions regarding appropriate bead size for use in patients remain. This trial evaluated the effectiveness and safety of DEB-TACE using small-size (≤ 100 μm) microspheres loaded with epirubicin. Materials and Methods: This prospective, single-arm, multicenter study enrolled patients diagnosed with HCC who underwent DEB-TACE using 40 (range, 30–50), 75 (range, 60–90), or 100 (range, 75–125) μm epirubicin-loaded microspheres (TANDEM microspheres, Varian Medical). Bead size was at the discretion of treating physicians and based on tumor size and/or vascular structure. The primary outcome measure was 6-month objective response rate (ORR). Secondary outcome measures were 30-day and 3-month ORR, time to tumor progression and extrahepatic spread, proportion of progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) at one year, and incidence of treatment-associated adverse events. Results: Data from 108 patients from ten centers was analyzed. Six-month ORR was 73.3 and 71.3% based on European association for the study of the liver (EASL) and modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (mRECIST) criteria, respectively. Thirty-day ORR was 79.6% for both EASL and mRECIST criteria with 3-month ORR being 80.0 and 81.0%, respectively, for each criteria. One-year PPF and OS rate were 60.3 and 94.3%. There was a total of 30 SAEs reported to be likely to definitely associated with microsphere (n = 9), epirubicin (n = 9), or procedure (n = 12) with none resulting in death. Conclusion: DEB-TACE using epirubicin-loaded small-sized (≤ 100 μm) microspheres demonstrates promising local tumor control and acceptable safety in patients with HCC. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03113955; registered April 14, 2017. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03113955; registered April 14, 2017. Level of evidence: 2, Prospective, Non-randomized, Single-arm, study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relative roles of the oceanic and atmospheric processes in the pattern formation of the equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) response to global warming is investigated using a set of climate model experiments embedded with a novel partial coupling technique. The modeling results show that the SST response experiences a transition from a La Niña-like warming pattern at the initial stage to an El Niño-like warming pattern at the quasi-equilibrium stage. By decomposing anomalous equatorial Pacific SST into atmosphere thermally forced passive component and ocean dynamically induced active component, it is found that the SST warming pattern at both stages is entirely induced by its active component. Specifically, the meridional and vertical ocean circulation changes play a dominant role in forming the La Niña-like SST warming pattern at the initial stage, and the zonal and meridional ocean circulation changes are responsible for the formation of the El Niño-like SST warming pattern at the quasi-equilibrium stage. In contrast, the passive SST at both stages is characterized by a zonally uniform warming along the equator, which can be explained by a balance between the total effect of the heat transport divergence associated with the mean ocean circulation and the effect of the passive surface heat flux change. In addition, this study finds that it is the slowdown of the Pacific subtropical cells during the transition period that controls the evolution of the equatorial SST warming pattern by changing the meridional and vertical ocean heat transports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accumulating empirical evidence has demonstrated that early life adversity (ELA) is closely associated with depressive symptoms. However, previous studies focused on the relationship between a single dimension of ELA and depressive symptoms without taking other dimensions of ELA into consideration. The relationships between depressive symptoms and different types of ELAs warrant further exploration. The regularized partial correlation network analysis was utilized to examine the direct associations between each type of ELA and depressive symptoms, after controlling for the influence of other variables. Given concerns about the replicability of networks from network analysis, an independent sample was used to verify the stability of the observed network structure occurring in the main sample. The network structure revealed that depressive symptoms were independently associated with each type of ELA. Moreover, among all ELA nodes, childhood emotional abuse was most closely linked to depressive symptoms and showed the highest expected influence. No significant differences were found between the two networks in global connectivity (difference = 0.29, p = 0.44) and structure (difference = 0.12, p = 0.29), indicating the good replicability of the network structure. Findings suggest that childhood emotional maltreatment plays a central role in linking ELA and depressive symptoms in adulthood. Therefore, interventions against emotional trauma in childhood seem most likely to thrive in adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common postoperative complication, not only affects the quality of life of the elderly and increases the mortality rate, but also brings a greater burden to the family and society. Previous studies demonstrated that Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome participates in various inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. However, possible mitophagy mechanism in anesthesia/surgery-elicited NLRP3 inflammasome activation remains to be elucidated. Hence, this study clarified whether mitophagy dysfunction is related to anesthesia/surgery-elicited NLRP3 inflammasome activation. POCD model was established in aged C57BL/6 J mice by tibial fracture fixation under isoflurane anesthesia. Morris Water Maze (MWM) was used to evaluate learning and memory abilities. We found that in vitro experiments, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) significantly facilitated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mitophagy inhibition in BV2 cells. Rapamycin restored mitophagy and improved mitochondrial function, and inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by LPS. In vivo experiments, anesthesia and surgery caused upregulation of hippocampal NLRP3, caspase recruitment domain (ASC) and interleukin-1β (IL-1 β), and downregulation of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3II (LC3II) and Beclin1 in aged mice. Olaparib inhibited anesthesia/surgery-induced NLRP3, ASC, and IL-1β over-expression in the hippocampus, while upregulated the expression of LC3II and Beclin1. Furthermore, Olaparib improved cognitive impairment in older mice. These results revealed that mitophagy was involved in NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated anesthesia/surgery-induced cognitive deficits in aged mice. Overall, our results suggested that mitophagy was related in NLRP3 inflammasome-induced cognitive deficits after anesthesia and surgery in aged mice. Activating mitophagy may have clinical benefits in the prevention of cognitive impairment induced by anesthesia and surgery in elderly patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forearm rotation restriction (FRR) is common after surgery for distal radius fractures (DRFs). The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of DRFs on forearm rotation. This retrospective study reviewed patients with DRFs who underwent surgical treatment from January 2019 to December 2021. The patients' basic data and radiographic parameters were analyzed. Forearm rotation, including pronation and supination, was assessed using a standard goniometer. The Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) score was evaluated, and the incidence of FRR at the 6-month follow-up was recorded. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors correlated with FRR. A total of 127 patients with DRFs were included in this study. After surgery, 46 cases were considered to have FRR, with a rate of 36.2%, while the remaining 81 cases (63.8%) did not have FRR. The PRWE scores were 22.8 ± 5.2 and 17.9 ± 4.2 in the FRR group and non-FRR group, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the involvement of the sigmoid notch (OR, 2.88; 95% CI 1.49–5.56), post-operative volar tilt < 0° (OR, 2.16; 95% CI 1.34–3.50), and post-operative ulnar variance > 0 mm (OR, 1.37; 95% CI 1.06–1.78) were independently associated with the incidence of FRR. The FRR is associated with an increased PRWE score and may have had some impact on the patient's daily life. Fractures involving the sigmoid notch, dorsal angulation, and radial shortening deformity were found to be correlated with the incidence of FRR. Preoperative risk notification and intraoperative preventive measures are necessary for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The Continuous Damping Control (CDC) shock absorber, as the core damping regulating element, plays a key role in vehicle vibration suppression. On the basis of building a suspension system based on a CDC shock absorber, this research intends to introduce a feasible semi-active control strategy to further improve the comprehensive performance of the suspension system. Methods: A 2-DOF semi-active suspension system model of 1/4 vehicle based on CDC shock absorber is built. The Parallel-compound Fuzzy and PID (PcFPID) control is introduced to adjust the damping force of the CDC shock absorber, and a comprehensive performance evaluation function Hcp(ξ, ζ) based on riding comfort is designed. Three typical road excitations are selected as the road input of the suspension system and the vibration control simulation is carried out. The comprehensive performance indexes under different control strategies are compared and analyzed to verify the improvement effect of PcFPID control on the comprehensive performance of the suspension system. Results: The comprehensive performance evaluation index Hcp based on riding comfort shows that the comprehensive performance improvement rate of the suspension system with the PcFPID control is 26.45%, 24.47%, and 24.97%, respectively, under the three typical road excitation of grade C random road excitation, single bump excitation, and inverted triangle pit excitation. While the comprehensive performance improvement rates of PID control and self-adaptive fuzzy PID control are only about 17.92% and 19.83%, respectively. Conclusions: After introducing the PcFPID control strategy, the semi-active suspension system based on the CDC shock absorber gives consideration to the handling stability on the basis of focusing on improving the riding comfort and improves the comprehensive performance of the vehicle suspension system to the optimal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Branched flows occur ubiquitously in various wave systems, when the propagating waves encounter weak correlated scattering potentials. Here we report the experimental realization of electrical tuning of the branched flow of light using a nematic liquid crystal (NLC) system. We create the physical realization of the weakly correlated disordered potentials of light via the inhomogeneous orientations of the NLC. We demonstrate that the branched flow of light can be switched on and off as well as tuned continuously through the electro-optical properties of NLC film. We further show that the branched flow can be manipulated by the polarization of the incident light due to the optical anisotropy of the NLC film. The nature of the branched flow of light is revealed via the unconventional intensity statistics and the rapid fidelity decay along the light propagation. Our study unveils an excellent platform for the tuning of the branched flow of light which creates a testbed for fundamental physics and offers a new way for steering light. Here the authors experimentally realize the electrical tuning of branched flow of light in nematic liquid crystals. The statistical properties and the polarization effect of the branched flow of light in the film are systematically studied adding fundamental insights on branched flow of light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hadley circulation is the most prominent atmospheric meridional circulation, reducing the radiatively driven equator-to-pole temperature gradient. While the Hadley cell extent varies by several degrees from year to year, the detailed dynamical mechanisms behind such variations have not been well elucidated. During the expanded phase of the Hadley cell, many regions on the periphery of the subtropics experience unfavorable climatic conditions. In this study, using ERA5 reanalysis data, we examine the physical chain of events responsible for the interannual variation of the Hadley cell edge (HCE) latitude in the Northern Hemisphere. This variation is mainly caused by changing eddy activity and wave breaking from both stationary and transient waves. In particular, we show that transient waves cause the HCE to shift poleward by increasing the eddy momentum flux divergence (EMFD) and reducing the baroclinicity over 20°–40°N, shifting the region of peak baroclinicity poleward. El Niño/La Niña and the Arctic Oscillation (AO) account for a significant portion (60%) of the interannual fluctuation of the HCE latitude. Through the poleward displacement of eddy activity, La Niña and a positive AO state are associated with the poleward shift of the HCE. The analysis of 28 CMIP5 models reveals statistical relationships between EMFD, vertical shear, and HCE latitude similar to those observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the construction of a metro system, it is inevitable that deviations will occur between the excavated tunnel and the original designed scheme. As such, it is necessary to adjust the designed scheme to accommodate these discrepancies. Specifically, the adjustment of the designed scheme involves a rigorous process of repeatedly selecting and verifying the feasibility of the proposed modifications using point-cloud data obtained from the tunnel. However, this process can be considerably time-consuming due to the large-scale and potentially redundant nature of the point-cloud data. This paper proposes a mathematical model for point-cloud data acquired in measuring a mined tunnel, which may deviate from the originally designed one. The modeling, which mainly includes determining its normal plane, and building the equation of tunnel point-cloud data, is to quickly extract several key locations in the tunnel surface for modifying the original design in order to achieve a minimum error between the modified design and the mined tunnel. In comparison with the conventional processing of extracting several key locations directly from point-cloud data, our model shows a significant promotion of extraction efficiency under an acceptable error bound. The model is tested in a real tunnel point-cloud data and the testing results confirm the increase of fitting accuracy and the decrease of computational load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study a geometrical inequality conjecture which states that for any four points on a hemisphere with the unit radius, the largest sum of distances between the points is 4 + 4 2 , the best configuration is a regular square inscribed to the equator, and for any five points, the largest sum is 5 5 + 2 5 and the best configuration is the regular pentagon inscribed to the equator. We prove that the conjectured configurations are local optimal, and construct a rectangular neighborhood of the local maximum point in the related feasible set, whose size is explicitly determined, and prove that (1): the objective function is bounded by a quadratic polynomial which takes the local maximum point as the unique critical point in the neighborhood, and (2): the remaining part of the feasible set can be partitioned into a finite union of a large number of very small cubes so that on each small cube, the conjecture can be verified by estimating the objective function with exact numerical computation. We also explain the method for constructing the neighborhoods and upper-bound quadratic polynomials in detail and describe the computation process outside the constructed neighborhoods briefly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tetanus toxin (TeNT) and botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are neuroprotein toxins, with the latter being the most toxic known protein. They are structurally similar and contain three functional domains: an N-terminal catalytic domain (light chain), an internal heavy-chain translocation domain (HN domain), and a C-terminal heavy chain receptor binding domain (Hc domain or RBD). In this study, fusion functional domain molecules consisting of the TeNT RBD (THc) and the BoNT/A RBD (AHc) (i.e., THc-Linker-AHc and AHc-Linker-THc) were designed, prepared, and identified. The interaction of each Hc domain and the ganglioside receptor (GT1b) or the receptor synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) was explored in vitro. Their immune response characteristics and protective efficacy were investigated in animal models. The recombinant THc-linker-AHc and AHc-linker-THc proteins with the binding activity had the correct size and structure, thus representing novel subunit vaccines. THc-linker-AHc and AHc-linker-THc induced high levels of specific neutralizing antibodies, and showed strong immune protective efficacy against both toxins. The high antibody titers against the two novel fusion domain molecules and against individual THc and AHc suggested that the THc and AHc domains, as antigens in the fusion functional domain molecules, do not interact with each other and retain their full key epitopes responsible for inducing neutralizing antibodies. Thus, the recombinant THc-linker-AHc and AHc-linker-THc molecules are strong and effective bivalent biotoxin vaccines, protecting against two biotoxins simultaneously. Our experimental design will be valuable to develop recombinant double-RBD fusion molecules as potent bivalent subunit vaccines against bio-toxins. Key points: • Double-RBD fusion molecules from two toxins had the correct structure and activity. • THc-linker-AHc and AHc-linker-THc efficiently protected against both biotoxins. • Such bivalent biotoxin vaccines based on the RBD are a valuable experimental design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat-dome-like stationary waves often lead to extreme heat events, such as the unprecedented heatwave in Northwestern North America during the summer of 2021. However, future changes in summer stationary waves over Northwestern North America and the underlying driving factors remain unclear. Here, we investigate the projected changes in the anticyclonic stationary wave circulation over Northwestern North America using data from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 and diagnose the circulation changes using a stationary wave model. Our findings reveal a significant 95% increase in the summer stationary wave amplitude over Northwestern North America under the high-emission scenario in 2080–2099 relative to 1995–2014. The response is mainly driven by the diabatic heating changes over the tropical Pacific which induce a Rossby wave source in the northeastern tropical Pacific, and further supported by a northward expanded waveguide in North America, both enhancing wave activity flux into the Northwestern North America. The heat-dome-like stationary wave anomaly is expected to heighten the heatwave risk over the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early pressure injury (PI) progression is associated with multi-circulatory disorders and they interplay with each other, resulting in a lack of a satisfactory diagnostic method. We generated early PI and blanchable erythema hairless rat models. Transparent disc method and capillary refilling time test (CRTT) results were recorded with ultraviolet camera to capture the dynamics changes, and the blanching index and refilling index were set for comprehensive analysis. The deteriorated areas of early PI showed non-blanchable erythema (NBE) and an increase in erythema at 0.5 and 6 h with the transparent disc method. CRTT showed a marked refilling delay at 12 h. The comprehensive analysis of blanching index and refilling index showed a significant change in erythema from NBE at 0.5 h and ischemia progressing to hemorrhage at 18 h. There was also a marked difference in the deteriorating and improving areas within the same erythema. Pathological analysis showed inflammatory cell infiltration, with marked edema accompanied by increased hemorrhage and tissue necrosis. Furthermore, small arteries and veins with thrombosis and microthrombi were observed. Consistent ischemia after decompression and subsequent hemorrhage are important indicators, and comprehensive analysis can help increase the positive diagnosis rate over that for other circulatory disorders alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The resolution of SARS-CoV-2 replication hinges on cell-mediated immunity, wherein CD8+ T cells play a vital role. Nonetheless, the characterization of the specificity and TCR composition of CD8+ T cells targeting non-spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 before and after infection remains incomplete. Here, we analyzed CD8+ T cells recognizing six epitopes from the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein and found that SARS-CoV-2 infection slightly increased the frequencies of N-recognizing CD8+ T cells but significantly enhanced activation-induced proliferation compared to that of the uninfected donors. The frequencies of N-specific CD8+ T cells and their proliferative response to stimulation did not decrease over one year. We identified the N222-230 peptide (LLLDRLNQL, referred to as LLL thereafter) as a dominant epitope that elicited the greatest proliferative response from both convalescent and uninfected donors. Single-cell sequencing of T cell receptors (TCR) from LLL-specific CD8+ T cells revealed highly restricted Vα gene usage (TRAV12-2) with limited CDR3α motifs, supported by structural characterization of the TCR–LLL–HLA-A2 complex. Lastly, transcriptome analysis of LLL-specific CD8+ T cells from donors who had expansion (expanders) or no expansion (non-expanders) after in vitro stimulation identified increased chromatin modification and innate immune functions of CD8+ T cells in non-expanders. These results suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces LLL-specific CD8+ T cell responses with a restricted TCR repertoire. Although SARS-CoV2 epitope characterization has been the focus of extensive research, these efforts have largely focused on the spike protein. Here, the authors demonstrate that CD8+ T cell responses can be directed against a dominant nucleocapsid epitope and rely on a highly focused T cell receptor repertoire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fractional increase in global mean precipitation (△ P ¯ / P ¯ ) is a first-order measure of the hydrological cycle intensification under anthropogenic warming. However, △ P ¯ / P ¯ varies by a factor of more than three among model projections, hindering credible assessments of the associated climate impacts. The uncertainty in △ P ¯ / P ¯ stems from uncertainty in both hydrological sensitivity (global mean precipitation increase per unit warming) and climate sensitivity (global mean temperature increase per forcing). Here, by investigating hydrological and climate sensitivities in a unified surface-energy-balance perspective, we find that both sensitivities are significantly correlated with surface shortwave cloud feedback, which is further linked to the climatological pattern of cloud shortwave effect. The observed pattern of cloud effect thus constrains both sensitivities and consequently constrains △ P ¯ / P ¯ . The 5%-95% uncertainty range of △ P ¯ / P ¯ from 1979-2005 to 2080-2100 under the high-emission (moderate-emission) scenario is constrained from 6.34 ± 3.53% (4.19 ± 2.28%) in the raw ensemble-model projection to 7.03 ± 2.59% (4.63 ± 1.71%). The constraint thus suggests a higher most-likely △ P ¯ / P ¯ and reduces the uncertainty by ~25%, providing valuable information for impact assessments. A new emergent constraint on precipitation projection, based on a unified surface-energy-balance perspective that links hydrological and climate sensitivity to climatological cloud distribution, suggests a higher increase in global mean precipitation under climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To prolong the lifespan of TC21 titanium alloy used in aerospace, approximately equimolar ratio AlFeCoCrNi and AlFeCoCrNiSi high entropy alloy (HEA) coatings have been fabricated on TC21 by laser cladding. Phase constitutions, element distributions, and microstructural characteristics of the HEA coatings were characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Results demonstrated that the AlFeCoCrNiSi HEA coating exhibits finer dendrites and smaller interdendritic tissue than the AlFeCoCrNi HEA coating. The Si-free coating consists of the BCC, Ti phases and Al13Co4 metal compounds, while the Si-containing coating primarily comprises BCC, Ti2Ni and NiSi phases. In comparison to the TC21 substrate, the microhardness of the AlFeCoCrNi HEA coating without and with the addition of Si has been increased by almost 2 and 3 times. Such better property of the HEA coating with Si is mainly ascribed to the combined contribution of solution strengthening, dispersion strengthening, and grain refinement. Moreover, the wear resistance of the coating without and with Si addition was enhanced by nearly 1.12 and 2.13 times compared to the substrate. This research is expected to provide a new sight for the development of Si-reinforced high-performance AlFeCoCrNi HEA coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the relationship between molecular and supramolecular chirality remains elusive, the existing results have demonstrated the vital role of hydrophilic motifs in controlling the supramolecular handedness of peptide nanofibrils compared with hydrophobic ones. However, unlike conventional hydrophobic residues, we speculate that aromatic hydrophobic residues are mostly likely to play a unique role in regulating the supramolecular handedness because the π−π stacking interactions of their side chains are directional like hydrogen bonding and can direct high levels of self-assembly due to the geometric confining of aromatic rings. To confirm this hypothesis, we here design a series of amphiphilic short peptides, with their hydrophobic motifs being composed of aromatic residues. Their short lengths not only favor their structural stability, synthesis, and sequence variation but also enable us to readily link their molecular and supramolecular structures. Through the combination of experiments and theoretical simulations, we demonstrate that the peptides containing L-form aromatic residues form left-handed nanofibrils while those containing D-form aromatic residues assemble into right-handed ones, irrespective of the chirality of their C-terminal hydrophilic residue. Theoretical calculations revealed that the stacking of aromatic side chains between β-strands directed the twisting direction of the β-sheets formed, with L- and D-form phenylalanine side chains stacking in a clockwise and anti-clockwise way, and more ordered and stronger aromatic stacking for homochiral peptides facilitated the formation of nanofibrils with a marked tubular feature. This study has bridged the knowledge gap in our understanding of how aromatic residues affect the supramolecular chirality of short peptides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world-class Jinchuan magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE (platinum-group element) sulfide deposit comprises four large orebodies (No. 1, 2, 3 and 24). Underground fan drilling discovered significant lateral extension of No. 2 orebody, referred as No. 2a in this study. From base to top, the No. 2a orebody comprises disseminated sulfide in olivine pyroxenites, net-textured ore in lherzolite, and massive ore. Despite different host rocks, the contents of Ni, Cu and PGE of the same types of sulfide ores from No. 2 and No. 2a orebodies are comparable. Mass balance calculation indicates that the parental magmas contained 0.01–0.05 ppb Ir and 0.2-0.8 ppb Pd, which are about one order of magnitude less than PGE abundances of undepleted continental flood basalts. PGE tenors (recalculated to 100% sulfides) of the net-textured ores from both orebodies increase upward. We attribute this to variations in magma:sulfide ratios of successive batches of recharged magmas and/or reaction of sulfides with less evolved magma. We propose that the No. 2a and No. 2 orebodies were located in the upstream and downstream parts of an originally sub-horizontal magma conduit, respectively. Sulfide liquids accumulated in the wider parts of the magma conduit to form No. 2a and No. 2 orebodies progressively. Variable locations within the intrusion and sharp contacts with other types of sulfide ore indicate that the massive ores formed by injection of pooled sulfide melt. Significant Pt-depletion of the massive ores and Pt enrichment in the adjacent net-textured ores suggest migration of residual fractionated sulfide liquids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-dimensional nanocrystals with controllable defects or strain modifications are newly emerging active electrocatalysts for hydrogen-energy conversion and utilization; however, a crucial challenge remains in insufficient stability due to spontaneous structural degradation and strain relaxation. Here we report a Turing structuring strategy to activate and stabilize superthin metal nanosheets by incorporating high-density nanotwins. Turing configuration, realized by constrained orientation attachment of nanograins, yields intrinsically stable nanotwin network and straining effects, which synergistically reduce the energy barrier of water dissociation and optimize the hydrogen adsorption free energy for hydrogen evolution reaction. Turing PtNiNb nanocatalyst achieves 23.5 and 3.1 times increase in mass activity and stability index, respectively, compared against commercial 20% Pt/C. The Turing PtNiNb-based anion-exchange-membrane water electrolyser with a low Pt mass loading of 0.05 mg cm−2 demonstrates at least 500 h stability at 1000 mA cm−2, disclosing the stable catalysis. Besides, this new paradigm can be extended to Ir/Pd/Ag-based nanocatalysts, illustrating the universality of Turing-type catalysts. Developing new electrocatalysts for hydrogen production is of high interests. Here the authors report PtNiNb with high-density nanotwins and large strain as hydrogen evolution catalysts in anion-exchange-membrane water electrolyser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the predictive value of MRI-derived tumor volume (TV) of biochemical recurrence (BCR) and adverse pathology (AP) in patients following radical prostatectomy (RP). Methods: The data of 565 patients receiving RP in a single institution between 2010 and 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All suspicious tumor foci were delineated manually using ITK-SNAP software as the regions of interest (ROIs). The sum of the TV of all lesions was calculated automatically based on the voxel in the ROIs to acquire the final TV parameter. TV was categorized as low-volume (≤ 6.5 cm3) and high-volume (> 6.5 cm3) based on the cut-off value. Univariate and multivariate Cox and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of BCR and AP. The Kaplan–Meier with the log-rank test was conducted to compare the BCR-free survival (BFS) between the low and high-volume groups. Results: All the included patients were divided into the low-volume group (n = 337) and the high-volume group (n = 228). The TV was an independent predictor of BFS in the multivariate Cox regression analysis (Hazard Ratio (HR) [95% CI]: 1.550 [1.066–2.256], P = 0.022). The Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that low volume was associated with a better BFS than high volume before propensity score matching (PSM) (P < 0.001). One hundred and fifty-eight pairs were obtained by 1:1 PSM to balance the baseline parameters between the two groups. After the PSM, low-volume remained to be associated with a better BFS than high-volume (P = 0.006). TV as a categorical variable was an independent factor of AP in multivariate logistic regression analysis (Odd ratio (OR) [95% CI]: 1.821 [1.064–3.115], P = 0.029). After balancing the potential factors influencing AP by 1:1 PSM, 162 new pairs were identified. The high-volume group had a higher AP rate than the low-volume group after PSM (75.9 vs. 64.8%, P = 0.029). Conclusion: We adopted a novel approach to acquiring the TV on preoperative MRI. TV was significantly associated with BFS and AP of patients undergoing RP, which was further illustrated by PSM analysis. MRI-derived TV may serve as a predictive marker for assessing BFS and AP in further studies, which will facilitate clinical decision-making and patient counseling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete description of a continuous-wave light field includes its four fundamental properties: wavelength, polarization, phase and amplitude. However, the simultaneous measurement of a multi-dimensional light field of such four degrees of freedom is challenging in conventional optical systems requiring a cascade of dispersive and polarization elements. In this work, we demonstrate a disordered-photonics-assisted intelligent four-dimensional light field sensor. This is achieved by discovering that the speckle patterns, generated from light scattering in a disordered medium, are intrinsically sensitive to a high-dimension light field given their high structural degrees of freedom. Further, the multi-task-learning deep neural network is leveraged to process the single-shot light-field-encoded speckle images free from any prior knowledge of the complex disordered structures and realizes the high-accuracy recognition of full-Stokes vector, multiple orbital angular momentum (OAM), wavelength and power. The proof-of-concept study shows that the states space of four-dimensional light field spanning as high as 1680=4 (multiple-OAM) × 2 (OAM power spectra) × 15 (multiple-wavelength) × 14 (polarizations) can be well recognized with high accuracy in the chip-integrated sensor. Our work provides a novel paradigm for the design of optical sensors for high-dimension light fields, which can be widely applied in optical communication, holography, and imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A k-edge coloring φ of a graph G is injective if φ (e 1) ≠ φ (e 3) for any three consecutive edges e 1 , e 2 and e 3 in the same path or triangle. The injective chromatic index χ i ′ (G) is the smallest k necessary for an injective k-edge coloring of G. Let mad (G) = max { 2 | E (H) | | V (H) | : H ⊆ G } . We prove that every subcubic graph G has χ i ′ (G) ≤ 6 if mad (G) < 30 11 , which improves the result of Ferdjallah et al. (Injective edge-coloring of sparse graphs, 2020). We also prove that every graph G with maximum degree 4 has χ i ′ (G) ≤ 12 if mad (G) < 33 10 , which improves the result of Miao et al. (Discrete Appl Math 310:65–74, 2022). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mathematical modeling of a small unmanned helicopter (SUH) with multivariable, highly nonlinear and complex dynamic characteristics is considered. This paper presents a modeling method for SUHs based on a particle swarm optimization least squares support vector machine (PSO-LSSVM) with a hybrid kernel function. The proposed method is based on a least square support vector machine and uses linear weighting of the polynomial kernel function (POLY) and Gaussian kernel function (RBF) to form a hybrid kernel function, and uses a particle swarm optimization algorithm to search for the optimal parameters. Finally, a mathematical model of the longitudinal and lateral passages of a SUH is established. According to the flight test data, the longitudinal and lateral channel models are trained and verified in the hover and low-speed forward flight states of a SUH. The experimental and comparison results demonstrate that the model established via this method has higher prediction accuracy and more accurate prediction results than a model established using a least squares support vector machine with a single kernel function. The identification accuracy of the SUH model is improved effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the isothermal vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) of trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze(E)) and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC245fa) binary system, along with the saturated vapor pressures HFO-1234ze(E) and HFC-245fa, were measured by static-analytic apparatus. The VLE measurements of HFO-1234ze(E) + HFC-245fa binary system are performed at temperatures from (293.28 to 333.09) K, while the measurements for vapor pressures of HFO1234ze(E) and HFC-245fa were conducted in the temperature range of (263.08 to 363.01) K. The vapor pressures were correlated by the Peng-Robinson (PR) equation of state (EoS) associated with the Mathias-Copeman (MC) alpha function, and the VLE data were correlated to the PRMC-vdW model where the MC alpha function and the van der Waals (vdW) mixing rules were combined with the PR EoS. The experimental VLE data were compared with the predictive E-PPR78 model. The modeling results of the PRMC-vdW model had good agreement with the experimental VLE data, while the E-PPR78 model shows negative bias in the prediction of equilibrium pressures. The experimental VLE data were also compared with literature data for consistency checks. The two sets of VLE data were basically consistent, while a discrepancy was found when analyzing the relationship between binary interaction parameter kij and temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]