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Four new compounds (1–4) along with twelve known compounds (5–16) were isolated from the fermentation broth of two desert endophytic fungi Neocamarosporum sp. HM 175 and Alternaria sp. HM 213. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by ESI-MS and NMR data. The PTP1B inhibitory activity results showed that compounds 2, 5, 11, 12, and 13 exhibited certain inhibitory activity on PTP1B. The activity test of these compounds provided potential drug lead compounds for the research and development of new PTP1B inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical investigation of Corydalis mucronifera has resulted in the isolation and identification of a pair of new enantiomeric phenolic constituents (±)-mucroniferal D (1) and five known ones (2–6). Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic data analysis of MS, 1D and 2D NMR, and their absolute configurations were confirmed by comparison of the optical rotation data. Compounds 1–6 showed moderate cytotoxic activities against MCF-7, MGC-803, and HeLa cell lines with the IC50 values ranging from 22.61–98.30 μg·mL–1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diketopiperazine alkaloids have proven the most abundant heterocyclic alkaloids up to now, which usually process diverse scaffolds and rich biological activities. In our search for bioactive diketopiperazine alkaloids from marine-derived fungi, two novel diketopiperazine alkaloids, penipiperazine A (1) and its biogenetically related new metabolite (2), together with a known analogue neofipiperzine C (3), were obtained from the strain Penicillium brasilianum. Their planar structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, 13C NMR calculation, Marfey's, ECD, and ORD methods. Compound 1 featured a unique 6/5/6/6/5 indole-pyrazino-pyrazino-pyrrolo system, and its plausible biogenetic pathway was also proposed. Additionally, compounds 1–3 have been tested for their inflammatory activities. 1 and 2 significantly inhibited the release of NO and the expression of related pro-inflammatory cytokines on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, suggesting they could be attracting candidate for further development as anti-inflammatory agent. Key points: • A novel diketopiperazine alkaloid featuring a unique 6/5/6/6/5 indole-pyrazino-pyrazino-pyrrolo system was isolated from the marine fungus Penicillium brasilianum. • The structure of 1 was elucidated by detailed analysis of 2D NMR data, 13C NMR calculation, Marfey's, ECD, and ORD methods. • Compounds 1 and 2 significantly inhibited the release of NO and the expression of related pro-inflammatory cytokines on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of alkyl gallates was synthesized by reacting gallic acid with the corresponding alcohols. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data, including NMR and MS. The antifungal activities of these compounds against plant pathogenic fungi in vitro and in vivo were assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new isocoumarin compound named setosphacohol A (1), together with six known ones, alternariol (2), isoaltenuene (3), phomasatin (4), alternariol 5-O-methyl ether (5), 1-deoxyrubralactone (6), and rubralactone (7), was isolated from the entomogenous fungus Setosphaeria sp. The structure of the new compound was elucidated by analysis of the 1D and 2D spectroscopic data as well as MS. Compounds 2, 5, 6 showed moderate cytotoxicity against six human tumor cell lines MCF-7, MGC-803, H1975, Huh-7, A549, and HeLa with IC50 values ranging from 23.04 to 96.91 μg·mL–1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]