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Understanding how the living human brain functions requires sophisticated in vivo neuroimaging technologies to characterise the complexity of neuroanatomy, neural function, and brain metabolism. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) studies of human brain function have historically been limited in their capacity to measure dynamic neural activity. Simultaneous [18 F]-FDG-PET and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with FDG infusion protocols enable examination of dynamic changes in cerebral glucose metabolism simultaneously with dynamic changes in blood oxygenation. The Monash vis-fPET-fMRI dataset is a simultaneously acquired FDG-fPET/BOLD-fMRI dataset acquired from n = 10 healthy adults (18–49 yrs) whilst they viewed a flickering checkerboard task. The dataset contains both raw (unprocessed) images and source data organized according to the BIDS specification. The source data includes PET listmode, normalization, sinogram and physiology data. Here, the technical feasibility of using opensource frameworks to reconstruct the PET listmode data is demonstrated. The dataset has significant re-use value for the development of new processing pipelines, signal optimisation methods, and to formulate new hypotheses concerning the relationship between neuronal glucose uptake and cerebral haemodynamics. Measurement(s) brain activity Technology Type(s) functional magnetic resonance imaging • FDG-Positron Emission Tomography Sample Characteristic - Organism Homo sapiens Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14977851 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For group-living mammals, social coordination increases success in everything from hunting and foraging (Crofoot and Wrangham in Mind the Gap, Springer, Berlin, ; Bailey et al. in Behav Ecol Sociobiol 67:1-17, ) to agonism (Mosser and Packer in Anim Behav 78:359-370, ; Wilson et al. in Anim Behav 83:277-291, ; Cassidy et al. in Behav Ecol 26:1352-1360, ). Cooperation is found in many species and, due to its low costs, likely is a determining factor in the evolution of living in social groups (Smith in Anim Behav 92:291-304, ). Beyond cooperation, many mammals perform costly behaviors for the benefit of group mates (e.g., parental care, food sharing, grooming). Altruism is considered the most extreme case of cooperation where the altruist increases the fitness of the recipient while decreasing its own fitness (Bell in Selection: the mechanism of evolution. Oxford University Press, Oxford ). Gray wolf life history requires intra-pack familiarity, communication, and cooperation in order to succeed in hunting (MacNulty et al. in Behav Ecol doi:) and protecting group resources (Stahler et al. in J Anim Ecol 82: 222-234, ; Cassidy et al. in Behav Ecol 26:1352-1360, ). Here, we report 121 territorial aggressive inter-pack interactions in Yellowstone National Park between 1 April 1995 and 1 April 2011 (>5300 days of observation) and examine each interaction where one wolf interferes when its pack mate is being attacked by a rival group. This behavior was recorded six times (17.6 % of interactions involving an attack) and often occurred between dyads of closely related individuals. We discuss this behavior as it relates to the evolution of cooperation, sociality, and altruism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discussion of worker rights often focuses on the right to associate freely and bargain collectively. Such rights may not be achievable in globalized labor markets when workers do not appropriate the value they add. Relationships in which workers either participate in the management of the enterprise or directly appropriate their own surplus are more common than is generally understood. Recent work in economic philosophy provides an inalienable right for workers to collectively appropriate the fruits of their labor. Given the general failure of existing corporate governance systems, the case for worker appropriation as both responsibility and right is both practical and strong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]