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Nine N-alkylated derivatives of riluzole were synthesized in order to obtain new compounds with potential antinociceptive activity. Riluzole was firstly transformed into (6-trifluoromethoxy-benzothiazol-2-yl)-hydrazine, then it was chlorinated by SOCl2 to obtain 2-chloro-6-trifluoromethoxy-benzothiazole. This intermediate product was treated with nine alkylamines to give N-alkylated derivatives of riluzole respectively. The structures of compounds were confirmed by means of elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. The synthetic route was optimized and four novel crystals were obtained by recrystallization. This study investigated the antinociceptive activity of some N-alkylated derivatives of riluzole by hot plate test in mice. The relationship between antinociceptive activity and the doses of 4b, 4c, 4h, 4g, and riluzole had been studied. Compared with the control group (0 mg/kg), the effects of compounds 4b and 4h showed a significant increase (13.78 ± 2.89 s, 12.89 ± 2.94 s, respectively). Compound 4c showed extreme significant increase (18.07 ± 3.08 s) in the time mice spent on the hot plate. The compounds 4b, 4c, and 4h had increased the latency time compared to the blank solvent group. They have potential application in developing new drug candidates with antinociceptive activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to evaluate the risk and benefit profiles of panitumumab-based therapy (PBT) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Relevant randomized controlled trials were identified by searching PubMed, Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane Library. Data on progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), all grade and severe (grade ≥3) adverse events were extracted and pooled to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and risk ratios (RRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Number needed to treat (NNT) for PFS and number needed to harm (NNH) for significantly changed toxicities were calculated. A total of 4,155 patients were included in the analysis. PBT significantly improved PFS (HR = 0.66, 95 % CI = 0.45-0.95) but not OS (HR = 0.93, 95 % CI = 0.83-1.04) when used in the subsequent-line setting. The effect on PFS was more evident in patients with wild-type KRAS (HR = 0.64, 95 % CI = 0.47-0.87) and the NNT for PFS is 11 to 23at 1 year. PBT did not benefit patients when used in the first-line setting. In addition, PBT significantly increased the risk of skin toxicity, infections, diarrhea, dehydration, mucositis, hypokalemia, fatigue, hypomagnesemia, pulmonary embolism and paronychia. The NNHs for skin toxicity, diarrhea, infection, hypokalemia and mucositis are less than 23. In conclusion, when used in the subsequent-line setting, PBT can improve the disease progression, especially in mCRC patients with wild-type KRAS. Regarding the adverse events associated with the PBT, close monitoring and necessary preparations are recommended during the therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six 2-(2-acylaminobenzothiazol-6-yl)isoquinoline-1,3(2 H,4 H)-diones ( 1a- 1f) and five 2-arylisoquinoline-1,3(2 H,4 H)-diones ( 1g- 1k) were synthesized by refluxing homophthalic anhydrides with 2-acylaminobenzothiazolyl-6-amine or substituted aniline in glacial acetic acid. The cytotoxic activities of 1a- 1k were evaluated via MTT method against A431, A549, and PC3. Compound 1b relatively displayed a higher cytotoxic activity than the others. The antitumor effect of 1b were evaluated in established nude mice PANC-1 xenograft model. The results suggest that compound 1b could potentially inhibit tumor growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the first covalent synthesis of a 5-fluorouracil-pectin (FU-PT) conjugate. This conjugate with the potential for colon-targeted delivery has been evaluated. A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was established for the determination of concentration of 5-FU-1-acetic acid in the gastrointestinal contents and plasma of rats. This method was also used to evaluate the colon-targeting properties of 5-FU-PT. 5-FU-PT was given to rats by oral administration at a dosage of 22.5 mg kg−1. The different parts of gastrointestinal tract and plasma were taken after 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h of oral administration of 5-FU-PT to rats, and the concentration of 5-FU-1-acetic acid in gastrointestinal contents and plasma was measured by HPLC. 5-FU-1-acetic acid released from 5-FU-PT was mainly distributed in the cecum and colon. Therefore, the present results suggest that the 5-FU-PT conjugate has a good colon-targeting property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to increase the therapeutic effect of doxorubicin (DOX) on bone metastases, a multifunctional micelle was developed by combining pH-sensitive characteristics with bone active targeting capacity. The DOX loaded micelle was self-assembled by using doxorubicin-poly (ethylene glycol)-alendronate (DOX-hyd-PEG-ALN) as an amphiphilic material. The size and drug loading of DOX loaded DOX-hyd-PEG-ALN micelle was 114 nm and 24.3%. In pH 5.0 phosphate buffer solution (PBS), the micelle released DOX significantly faster than in pH 7.4 PBS. In addition, with the increase of incubation time, more red DOX fluorescence was observed in tumor cells and trafficked from cytoplasm to nucleus. The IC50 of DOX loaded DOX-hyd-PEG-ALN micelle on A549 cells was obviously lower than that of free DOX in 48 h. Furthermore, the in vivo image experimental results indicated that a larger amount of DOX was accumulated in the bone metastatic tumor tissue after DOX loaded DOX-hyd-PEG-ALN micelle was intravenously administered, which was confirmed by histological analysis. Finally, DOX loaded DOX-hyd-PEG-ALN micelle effectively delayed the tumor growth, decreased the bone loss and reduced the cardiac toxicity in tumor-bearing nude mice as compared with free DOX. In conclusion, DOX loaded DOX-hyd-PEG-ALN micelle had potential in treating bone metastatic tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]