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Polysaccharides-based scaffolds for tissue engineering have become a promising field of study, as these biomaterials provide greater biocompatibility and offer lower production costs. In the present study, we describe the development and characterization of scaffolds composed of chitosan (CHT) and cashew gum (CG) in different concentrations, and evaluate their physical and mechanical properties. Molecular docking was used to estimate the intermolecular interactions between CHT and CG. The scaffolds were produced through the solubilization of different ratios of CHT/CG (1:1; 1:0.5 and 1:0.25), and subsequently frozen and lyophilized. The developed scaffolds kept the thermal stability as documented by thermogravimetry (TGA/DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis also showed that functional groups of both CHT and CG were kept in the developed scaffold, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis depicted the typical peaks of semi-crystalline materials of chitosan and wider bands of the amorphous cashew gum. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and tomography analyses documented the presence of pores in the three types of scaffolds, with significant sizes that are instrumental for cell proliferation in tissue engineering. Our study demonstrates that, combining CHT and CG, a new biomaterial can be developed for potential applications in tissue engineering, for example, in bone regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the produced water treatment methods is adsorption, however, the use of commercial activated carbon as an adsorbent, in industrial scale, makes the process expensive. An alternative for replacing commercial activated carbon is the use of bioadsorbents, which have been gaining emphasis in recent decades, high performance, and low production costs. The objective of this work is to develop an efficient and low cost bioadsorbent by reusing the charcoal from the cashew nutshell (Anarcadium accidentale L.) for the removal of metal ions (Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cr3+), oil and grease content (OGC). The bioadsorbent was pretreated with NaOH and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), point of zero charge (pHpzc) and Boehm titration. The adsorption tests involved adsorption kinetics and equilibrium experiments in a batch system using metallic solution and in a fixed bed column using multi-element metallic and semi-synthetic OGC solution. The characterization results revealed the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and carbonyl groups, as well as an irregular and heterogeneous structure, which are favorable characteristics for the adsorption process. The bioadsorbent was able to remove 98.9; 90.9, 77.1 and 100% for Cu2+, Pb2+, Cr3+ and OGC, respectively, in a fixed bed adsorption column. It is concluded that bioadsorbent developed has high potential for removing metals and OGC, in addition to being an abundant product in nature, renewable, biodegradable and its reuse contributes to reduce environmental pollution, waste production and improves the local circular economy through the recovery of the by-product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical cancer, despite being preventable through primary and secondary prevention strategies, remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among women in Brazil. This study aimed to analyze the temporal, spatial, and space-time patterns of cervical cancer mortality in Brazil. An ecological study was conducted using temporal, spatial, and space-time analysis techniques, using death certificates with cervical cancer as the underlying cause or associated condition among females in Brazil from 2000 to 2021. Death certificate and population data were provided by the Department of Health Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), respectively. A total of 123,306 deaths associated with cervical cancer among women were registered during the study period. A rising trend in mortality was detected since 2014 onwards, after 14 years of decline. Particularly, an increase in mortality was observed among the younger age groups, and in the North and Northeast regions regardless of age. Heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of cervical cancer mortality was observed, with high mortality clusters around the country, but mostly concentrated in the North and Northeast regions. These findings suggest a need and an opportunity to develop efficient and effective health policies targeting those regions and groups of women at higher risk which in turn will allow for fast and significant reductions in cervical cancer mortality in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mosquitoes transmit viruses that affect public health in tropical regions. Identifying factors that influence their fitness can help control mosquito-borne diseases. We investigated the impacts of predation risk effects, from a fish predator, and food availability on the oviposition behavior of Aedes aegypti. We hypothesize that predation risk and food availability interactively affect Ae. aegypti oviposition. Gravid Ae. aegypti females were offered oviposition sites with all possible combinations of predation risk (with vs. without predator cues) and food availability (low vs. high). We found a significant interaction between predation risk and food availability. The magnitude of oviposition and the probability of egg laying in high food availability treatments exceeded the values of low food availability treatments, but only in treatments without predation risk. Predation risk critically modulated the effects of food availability on the oviposition of Ae. aegypti. This study demonstrates the interplay between predation risk and food availability in controlling mosquito-borne diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to investigate the potential for producing an aromatic hydrocarbon-enriched fuel from Scenedesmus sp. microalgae using low-cost zeolite in catalytic flash pyrolysis. The methodology adopted in this study involved the use of an analytical micropyrolyzer coupled with a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer at 500 ºC to assess the effectiveness of the low-cost HZSM − 5 catalyst in deoxygenation, denitrogenation, and aromatization activities of volatile reaction products. The HZSM − 5 catalyst was synthesized using the hydrothermal method, employing low-cost precursor materials, rice husk ash, and diatomite residue as alternative silicon and aluminum sources. The oxygenated and nitrogenated volatile products in non-catalytic flash pyrolysis constituted 51.7% and 15.3%, respectively. Catalytic upgrading of pyrolysis vapors from Scenedesmus sp. microalgae was demonstrated by significant deoxygenation and denitrogenation activity, reaching up to 99%, while chemical industry-relevant classes experienced increased proportions: aromatic hydrocarbons by 5.8-fold, and aliphatic hydrocarbons by 1.7-fold. Around 78% selectivity for aromatic hydrocarbons was achieved, predominantly yielding BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene). Another significant finding is that 89.8% of the renewable hydrocarbons produced fall within the gasoline range (C5 − C12). This study conclusively indicates that the low-cost HZSM − 5 catalyst shows significant promise for producing high-quality bio-oil through the flash pyrolysis of Scenedesmus sp. microalgae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to assess, through a systematic review, the status of infrared thermography (IRT) as a diagnostic tool for skin neoplasms of the head and neck region and in order to validate its effectiveness in differentiating benign and malignant lesions. A search was carried out in the LILACS, PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science and EMBASE databases including studies published between 2004 and 2024, written in the Latin-Roman alphabet. Accuracy studies with patients aged 18 years or over presenting benign and malignant lesions in the head and neck region that evaluated the performance of IRT in differentiating these lesions were included. Lesions of mesenchymal origin and studies that did not mention histopathological diagnosis were excluded. The systematic review protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42023416079). Reviewers independently analyzed titles, abstracts, and full-texts. After extracting data, the risk of bias of the selected studies was assessed using the QUADAS − 2 tool. Results were narratively synthesized and the certainty of evidence was measured using the GRADE approach. The search resulted in 1,587 records and three studies were included. Only one of the assessed studies used static IRT, while the other two studies used cold thermal stress. All studies had an uncertain risk of bias. In general, studies have shown wide variation in the accuracy of IRT for differentiating between malignant and benign lesions, with a low level of certainty in the evidence for both specificity and sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Binding of hexokinase HKI to mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs) has far-reaching physiological implications. However, the structural basis of this interaction is unclear. Combining computer simulations with experiments in cells, we here show that complex assembly relies on intimate contacts between the N-terminal α-helix of HKI and a charged membrane-buried glutamate on the outer wall of VDAC1 and VDAC2. Protonation of this residue blocks complex formation in silico while acidification of the cytosol causes a reversable release of HKI from mitochondria. Membrane insertion of HKI occurs adjacent to the bilayer-facing glutamate where a pair of polar channel residues mediates a marked thinning of the cytosolic leaflet. Disrupting the membrane thinning capacity of VDAC1 dramatically impairs its ability to bind HKI in silico and in cells. Our data reveal key topological and mechanistic insights into HKI-VDAC complex assembly that may benefit the development of therapeutics to counter pathogenic imbalances in this process. MD simulations and experiments in cells reveal core structural and topological determinants that govern binding of hexokinase-I to mitochondrial VDAC channels, with the protonation status of a bilayerfacing glutamate on VDACs playing a crucial role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The present study aims to describe initial changes in muscle thickness and composition, muscle growth signaling mediators, and systemic inflammation in critically ill patients after major trauma. Methods: This observational study was carried out in a Level-I nonprofit trauma center. Thirty adults requiring mechanical ventilation were assessed within 24 h post-admission. Skeletal muscle wasting was evaluated using ultrasound for muscle thickness and echogenicity along with circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and inflammatory cytokines over five consecutive days. Changes over time were assessed using ANOVA repeated-measures analysis with a Bonferroni post-hoc test. Bivariate correlations were evaluated using Pearson or Spearman coefficients. Results: Over five days, a significant decrease (11%) in rectus femoris thickness (3.91 ± 0.86 to 3.47 ± 0.64, cm, p = 0.01) and an increase (29%) in echogenicity (62.1 ± 13.1 to 80.4 ± 17.3, AU, p < 0.01) were observed among the 30 patients included in this study. Circulating levels of IGF-1 exhibited a 38% reduction (68.8 ± 43.6 to 42.4 ± 29.4, ng/mL, p = 0.01). Furthermore, pro-inflammatory cytokine (IFN-y) increased by 17% (4.83 ± 1.39 to 5.66 ± 1.61, pg./mL, p = 0.02) from day 1 to day 5. Conclusions: These findings reveal substantial thickness and muscle composition alterations within 48 h post-admission, worsening over five days. Despite standard rehabilitation care, changes in IGF-1 and IFN-y levels suggest early declines in muscle growth stimulus and increased inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial potential of glass ionomer cement (GIC) incorporated with silver and copper nanoparticles (CuAgNP) in three different concentrations (GIC 0.01% CuAgNP, GIC 0.05% CuAgNP, and GIC 0.1% CuAgNP) on the inhibition of in vitro formation of duospecies biofilm of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, surface roughness, color variation, and curing time. A control group was also included, consisting of GIC without nanoparticles. Duoespecie biofilms were grown on specimens of GIC in Tryptic Soy Broth placed in 24-well plates for 72 h. The biofilms were then collected and plated on Mitis-Salivarius-Bacitracin (MSB) agar and Sabouraud dextrose agar for Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, respectively. Colony-forming unit (CFU) counts and dry weight were measured to assess the biofilm growth. Physical properties were evaluated through tests on surface roughness, color variation, and curing time. The normality of the distribution was evaluated using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey's test. The results showed that the addition of CuAgNP did not increase antimicrobial activity compared to the control (p > 0.05). Furthermore, longer curing time resulted in negative effects on physical properties, such as color variation and greater surface roughness (p < 0.05). The addition of CuAgNP did not improve the properties of GIC in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and bethanechol chloride (BC) on the quantity and quality of saliva in patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck cancer. Methods: Saliva samples were collected from patients before and after RT, who were treated with PBMT or BC. Clinical parameters, including salivary flow rate (SFR), pH, xerostomia, and concentrations of macro and microelements in saliva, were assessed. Data were compared and analyzed using a self-organizing map. Results: No significant changes were observed in SFR, pH, and xerostomia pre- and post-RT in both the PBMT and BC-treated groups. However, there was an increase in Cr levels in the BC group and a reduction in P levels in the PBMT group. Conclusion: The results suggest that both PBMT and BC treatments can effectively mitigate the impacts of RT, since quality and quantity of saliva were maintained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), ectopic fat accumulation remains debatable. Therefore, intra-abdominal, hepatic, and epicardial fat were compared between PCOS women and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls and their associations with metabolic and hormonal parameters were explored. Furthermore, the performance of echocardiographic epicardial adipose tissue thickness (EATT) and hepatic steatosis measurement using transient elastography-based controlled attenuation parameter (TE-CAP) in screening abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was originally evaluated. Methods: Women aged 18–39 years with BMI < 35 kg/m² were recruited. PCOS was defined by the Rotterdam criteria. All participants underwent clinical and laboratory exams, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), TE-CAP, and echocardiography. A receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to evaluate the accuracy and optimal cutoff values of TE-CAP and EATT in predicting DXA-measured VAT. Results: The study included 35 women with PCOS and 37 controls. PCOS women exhibited higher levels of androgens, insulin resistance (IR) parameters, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, VAT, and EATT. VAT correlated with IR and triglycerides, whereas EATT correlated with HDL-cholesterol. In PCOS women aged 18–29, the cutoff values of CAP and EATT for VAT were 198.0 and 3.07, respectively, with CAP showing higher area under the curves (AUC). In PCOS women aged 30–39, the cutoff values were 209.5 and 3.36, respectively, with EATT showing higher AUC. Conclusion: VAT correlates with more metabolic parameters in PCOS than TE-CAP or EATT. TE-CAP is useful for VAT screening in PCOS patients aged 18–39 years, whereas EATT is effective and outperforms CAP in those aged 30–39 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extrusion-based 3D printing stands out as one of the most widespread additive manufacturing techniques, finding applications across engineering and medical sectors, primarily owing to its use of thermoplastic polymers. While poly(lactic acid) (PLA) remains among the most widely used bio-based compostable polymers in material extrusion, its inherent brittleness imposes limitations in sectors requiring more flexible and ductile materials. In this context, the combination of PLA with poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) results in more flexible compostable blends, broadening the scope of advanced applications of 3D-printed parts while upholding sustainability standards. Despite the considerable potential of PLA/PBAT blends, research on their use in material extrusion 3D printing remains limited, highlighting an opportunity for significant advancements in the near future. Therefore, this article provides a detailed review of the influence of printing parameters on the properties of 3D-printed PLA/PBAT blends. It begins with a brief overview of the synthesis methods of PLA and PBAT, and their blend compatibilization strategies, showcasing advancements in the pursuit of versatile and sustainable materials. Furthermore, it also examines potential applications while identifying research gaps that can steer future investigations. In essence, this review not only provides valuable insights for optimizing the printing parameters of these blends in extrusion-based 3D printing but also contributes to the development of more adaptable and sustainable materials, holding substantial promise across various technological domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the effect of Croton conduplicatus essential oil (CCEO) in diets for tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) (14.50 ± 0.07 g), a native Amazonian fish. Five diets (29.25% digestible protein; 3063.14 kcal digestible energy) were prepared: 0.00 (control), 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, and 1.50 mL CCEO kg diet–1 and evaluated for 60 days, followed by 14 additional days of bacterial infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish were fed until apparent satiation four times daily and maintained in 1,000-L tanks (n = 15 fish per tank; 5 tanks per treatment; randomized design) in a recirculatory aquaculture system. The main chemical compounds of CCEO were the monoterpenes 1,8-Cineole (20.72%), p-Cymene (12.45%), and α-Phellandrene (11.46%). Animals had no mortality, even after the bacterial infection, and CCEO did not influence the number of lesions in infected fish. According to quadratic regression analysis, feeding fish diets containing 0.85 mL CCEO kg−1 increased their growth parameters and feed intake. The feed conversion ratio was reduced with 0.25 mL CCEO kg diet–1. Before infection, the regression showed that the 1.00 mL CCEO kg diet–1 reduced erythrocytes and increased hemoglobin, hematimetric indices, plasma glucose, total cholesterol, albumin levels, and plasma and liver alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities. After bacterial infection, quadratic regression analysis showed that the control group had the highest plasma glucose and albumin values, and the treatment 0.50 mL CCEO kg diet−1 increased mean corpuscular volume values and decreased plasma ALT activity. In conclusion, 0.85 mL CCEO kg diet–1 is recommended for tambaqui because it can potentially improve growth performance and hemato-biochemical responses; however, CCEO did not influence responses against aeromoniasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a polymer conjugated composed of carbon and nitrogen atoms in a graphite-like structure. Despite its structure, its catalytic potential is limited due to its small surface area, abundance of electron pairs, and low UV absorption. Recent research has focused on synthesizing nanocomposites from g-C3N4 and meso-metalloporphyrins, which exhibit synergistic properties for photocatalysis through π-π interactions. This study aims to synthesize zinc (ZnP) and palladium (PdP) meso-metalloporphyrins from cardanol, a major constituent of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), to create g-C3N4 nanocomposites. These systems were characterized using UV-vis, FT-IR, NMR, TGA, and SEM, and applied to reduce 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) in wastewater to the less toxic 4-aminophenol (4-AP). The synthesis of g-C3N4 with PdP and ZnP produced new nanocomposites, g-C3N4/PdP and g-C3N4/ZnP, with yields of 43% and 16%, respectively. These materials demonstrated significant success in the photocatalytic reduction of 4-NP, highlighting the potential of renewable catalysts and promoting cleaner chemical processes, thereby reducing environmental impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some studies have demonstrated the involvement of high concentrations of copper in the manifestation of insulin resistance in individuals with obesity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the copper nutritional status and its relationship with parameters of glycemic control in women with obesity. An observational case–control clinical study involving 203 women aged between 20 and 50 years, divided into two groups: obese (n = 84) and eutrophic (n = 119). Body weight, height and waist, hip and neck circumferences, dietary copper intake, copper biomarkers, determine ceruloplasmin activity and glycemic control parameters were measured. It was observed that women with obesity had higher copper concentrations in plasma and lower concentrations in erythrocytes when compared to the control group. Analysis of glycemic control parameters revealed a statistically significant difference in fasting blood glucose (p < 0.05) between groups. The study identified a significant positive correlation between plasma copper and fasting insulin values and the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index (p < 0.05). The results of this study demonstrate that obese women have high copper concentrations in plasma and lower concentrations in erythrocytes. Furthermore, the significant positive correlation between plasma copper and fasting insulin and HOMA-IR index suggests the influence of this mineral on glycemic control parameters in obese women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adipose tissue dysfunction influences the development of dyslipidemias associated with obesity, however, the mechanisms are still unclear. In this sense, the literature highlights the role of copper in cholesterol synthesis, contributing to the increase in concentrations of this lipid fraction and consequently to the manifestation of dyslipidemia. The objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between copper parameters and lipid profile markers in women with obesity. This is a cross-sectional study involving women aged 20 to 50 years divided into a case group (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2) and a control group (BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2). Copper concentrations in plasma and erythrocytes were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometry and ceruloplasmin activity by spectrophotometry. The lipid fractions were analyzed according to the enzymatic colorimetric method, using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Participants with obesity had elevated concentrations of copper in plasma and reduced concentrations in erythrocytes compared to the control group, but there was no significant difference in ceruloplasmin activity between the groups. The research does not identify a correlation between copper parameters and serum concentrations of lipid fractions, which does not allow inferring the role of copper in the manifestation of dyslipidemia in obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mucorales includes saprobic and facultative phytopathogenic fungi that cause soft rot in various fruits and vegetables. Among Mucorales, Rhizopus and Mucor are frequently reported associated with post-harvest losses and devaluation of agricultural products. The aim of this study was to identify and describe Mucorales species from fruits and vegetables with soft rot symptoms and to confirm the pathogenicity of the isolates in their hosts. Fruits and vegetables with symptoms of soft rot were collected in markets located in the city of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. In total, 66 Mucorales isolates were obtained from 18 different hosts. Using morphological and phylogenetic (LSU and ITS rDNA sequences) approaches, we have identified 41 isolates of R. stolonifer and 25 distributed among M. inaequisporus, M. merdicola and M. variisporus. The pathogenicity of these fungi was confirmed, and lesions with fungal structures appeared between 2 and 7 days. This study brings the first report of M. inaequisporus causing soft rot in cashew pseudofruit, guava and red jambo fruits, as well as the first evidence of association of this species with breadfruit. This is the first time that M. merdicola is reported as a plant pathogen, specifically causing soft rot in watermelon fruit. In addition, this is the first report of M. variisporus causing soft rot in banana fruit; the first report of R. stolonifer infecting avocado, eggplant and pear fruits in Brazil. We are also providing the first register of the latter species as plant pathogen of achachairu fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing utilization of polymeric composites stands out as a versatile solution across various engineering fields. To meet the demand for more sustainable and efficient materials, research has been exploring natural and biodegradable sources for the fabrication of these new materials. Among these alternatives, green polyurethane (GPU), derived from castor oil (Ricinus communis), shines due to its sustainability, low toxicity, and abundant availability. However, GPU exhibits limitations in mechanical strength, prompting studies on composites reinforced with synthetic, vegetable fibers, and particles. In this context, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) emerge as promising due to their rigidity and mechanical strength. However, their industrial production through aqueous dispersion presents challenges in application to polymeric matrices due to resin hydrophobicity. This study proposes a new methodology to extract and incorporate CNC into composites, aiming to characterize the physical, chemical, mechanical, and morphological aspects of a composite material formed by GPU reinforced with different proportions of CNC (0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%). The results demonstrate a significant improvement in mechanical strength, with a 262% increase upon adding 3% CNC reinforcement. In terms of thermal resistance, there was a lower mass loss and alterations in the initial degradation temperature range observed. This study contributes to the understanding of composite properties and their potential in various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pituitary gland morphogenesis and the ontogeny of the adenohypophyseal (AH) cells of Astyanax lacustris are presented herein. This Characiformes species shows great ecological and commercial importance, and it has been increasingly used as animal model. For this study, A. lacustris specimens were collected from 0.5 to 120 days after hatching (dah) (adults). The entire animal or its head was appropriately fixed, and after histological processing, the sections were subjected to histochemical and immunohistochemical reactions, using homologous and heterologous antibodies. The first AH cells of A. lacustris were detected at 1 dah by the immunostaining of prolactin (PRL)-producing cells. The morphology of the gland presented changes in shape throughout the development, starting with elongation but more oval at the end. The neurohypophysis was differentiated at 3 dah, along with the identification of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), melanotropic hormone (MSH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-producing cells. Identification of the immunoreactive cells to anti-luteinizing hormone (LH), anti-somatolactin (SL), and anti-growth hormone (GH) antibodies occurred at 5 dah. At 20 dah, an increase in pituitary proportions and the presence of the pituitary stalk were observed. At 60 dah, the pituitary gland already had the same shape and distribution of AH cells seen in the adult. The ontogeny of adenohypophyseal cells in A. lacustris corroborates the heterogeneity in the appearance of these cell types in teleosts and suggests that these hormones actively participate during the post-hatching development of this species, even before the establishment of all endocrine axes. Our findings contribute to understanding the morphogenesis of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in South American teleosts, providing essential data for the development of future studies related to pituitary gland morphophysiology under normal or experimental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To analyze stigma related to depression, beliefs about psychotropics, and associated factors in a population of Japanese ancestry in Brazil. This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and June, 2022. Beliefs about psychotropics (BMQ-specific) and depression-related stigma (The Stigma Scale) were collected through an online questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with these dependent variables. Ninety-three respondents of Japanese ancestry completed the questionnaire. Participants were more focused on the necessity of the prescribed psychotropics than on possible adverse effects. Married individuals (β=-4.68 [95%CI -8.74, -0.63]; p = 0.024) were less concerned with their psychotropics than single individuals, while those undergoing treatment for longer years (β = 6.23 [95%CI 1.35, 11.11]; p = 0.013) perceive a greater necessity for treatment than those who started it recently. In addition, older individuals perceived less necessity for treatment (β=-5.83 [95%CI -10.76, -0.90]; p = 0.021) than younger individuals. Unemployed people (β = 12.09 [95%CI 0.47, 23.70]; p = 0.042) perceived more depression-related stigma than those employed. Aspects of Japanese cultural heritage related to depression and its treatment are still prevalent among people of Japanese ancestry in Brazil. Factors such as age, treatment duration, and marital status affects the perception of beliefs about psychotropics, whereas occupation affects the perception of stigma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Myelomeningocele (MMC) is the most common type of congenital spinal malformation, typically requiring surgical intervention. While prenatal repair is increasingly favored, postnatal repair remains the standard in many settings. This study aims to evaluate the antibiotics prescribed to neonates with MMC and their correlation with central nervous system (CNS) infection rates following postnatal surgical repair. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, including newborns who underwent postnatal MMC repair between August 2017 and June 2021 at the Children's Hospital of Goiânia. The study examined variables related to the pregnancy and birth periods, as well as anatomical and neurosurgical factors. Neonates were categorized into four groups based on the time interval between birth and surgical repair (within 24, 48, 72 h, and beyond 72 h) and were evaluated for CNS infection rates. Results: A total of 38 neonates were included, with 24.32% diagnosed with CNS infections post-surgery. Notably, 22.86% of mothers did not receive prenatal care. Cesarean section was the predominant mode of delivery, accounting for 77.78% of cases. The average time from birth to surgery was 67 h. At admission, 73.68% of MMC cases presented with a rupture of the MMC membrane, and 78.94% of newborns received intravenous antibiotics. The mean surgical time was 60 min, with 78.94% of surgeries performed by experienced surgeons. Conclusion: Timely surgical intervention and the use of prophylactic antibiotics are critical in reducing CNS infection rates in neonates undergoing postnatal MMC repair. Delays in surgery and the lack of antibiotic prophylaxis were associated with higher infection rates, whereas factors such as delivery mode and surgeon experience had less impact on infection outcomes. These findings highlight the need for standardized care protocols and improved prenatal care to optimize neonatal outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclic dipeptides are produced by organisms across all domains of life, with many exhibiting anticancer and antimicrobial properties. Oxidations are often key to their biological activities, particularly C-C bond oxidation catalysed by tailoring enzymes including cyclodipeptide oxidases. These flavin-dependent enzymes are underexplored due to their intricate three-dimensional arrangement involving multiple copies of two distinct small subunits, and mechanistic details underlying substrate selection and catalysis are lacking. Here, we determined the structure and mechanism of the cyclodipeptide oxidase from the halophile Nocardiopsis dassonvillei (NdasCDO), a component of the biosynthetic pathway for nocazine natural products. We demonstrated that NdasCDO forms filaments in solution, with a covalently bound flavin mononucleotide (FMN) cofactor at the interface between three distinct subunits. The enzyme exhibits promiscuity, processing various cyclic dipeptides as substrates in a distributive manner. The reaction is optimal at high pH and involves the formation of a radical intermediate. Pre-steady-state kinetics, a significant solvent kinetic isotope effect, and the absence of viscosity effects suggested that a step linked to FMN regeneration controlled the reaction rate. Our work elucidates the complex mechanistic and structural characteristics of this dehydrogenation reaction, positioning NdasCDO as a promising biocatalyst and expanding the FMN-dependent oxidase family to include enzyme filaments. Cyclodipeptide oxidases are filamentous enzymes. Here, the authors dissect the mechanism of a promiscuous flavoenzyme from the biosynthesis of cyclodipeptide natural products, unveiling fast catalysis for peptide oxidation in a distinct active site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing studies that directly measure the three types of overconfidence—overprecision, overplacement, and overestimation—are largely exploratory, highlighting the need for further confirmatory research to establish robust overconfidence measures. Moreover, there is no comprehensive instrument for analyzing these types of overconfidence in the context of investment decisions. To address these gaps, the present study aims to develop and validate a scale for assessing overconfidence in investment decisions, considering its three forms. The research involved 380 Brazilian participants and employed confirmatory factor analysis and standard multivariate validation methods. The scale, based on a theoretical framework of the three types of overconfidence, consisted of 30 questions (10 for each type) designed to measure the degree of overconfidence in investment decision-making. The scale demonstrated acceptable factor loadings and internal and external validity, indicating its suitability for evaluating overconfidence in investment decisions. The standardized factor loadings showed p values < 0.01 for all factors. The average variance extracted was above 0.5, and the composite reliability exceeded 0.7 for all three constructs analyzed. These results support the convergent validity of the proposed measurement model. In this way, the developed scale fills a gap in the literature by providing a valid tool to assess overconfidence in investment decision-making, which can be practically applied by financial market participants, such as investors, fund managers, and financial professionals. This instrument enables more informed and personalized investment decisions, mitigates the risks of bias in decision-making, and contributes to a more efficient and resilient financial market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Endolift® technique, introduced in 2005, gained popularity among medical and non-medical professionals as a non-surgical approach using subdermal laser devices. However, its widespread adoption lacked a thorough understanding of its physiological interaction, resulting in controversies over its effectiveness and safety. This study aimed to assess the evidence of Endolift® efficacy, parametrization, and safety by analyzing adverse events. A systematic literature review was conducted by searching the following databases: NCBI/PubMed, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central Library. These searches resulted in 111 articles. Seven articles were selected after removing duplicates and screening titles, abstracts, and full texts. These articles exhibited a high risk of bias, a lack of standardization in treatment parameters, and reports of adverse events that did not align with clinical reality, often occurring with off-label use.In conclusion, due to insufficient high-quality research and inconsistent indications and parameter adjustments, asserting the efficacy and safety of Endolift® is challenging. Randomized studies are recommended to curb indiscriminate use, which may compromise patient safety. This analysis underscores the importance of evidence-based clinical practices for patient safety and ethical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tissue clearing combined with high-resolution confocal imaging is a cutting-edge approach for dissecting the three-dimensional (3D) architecture of tissues and deciphering cellular spatial interactions under physiological and pathological conditions. Deciphering the spatial interaction of leptin receptor-expressing (LepR+) stromal cells with other compartments in the bone marrow is crucial for a deeper understanding of the stem cell niche and the skeletal tissue. In this study, we introduce an optimized protocol for the 3D analysis of skeletal tissues, enabling the visualization of hematopoietic and stromal cells, especially LepR+ stromal cells, within optically cleared bone hemisections. Our method preserves the 3D tissue architecture and is extendable to other hematopoietic sites such as calvaria and vertebrae. The protocol entails tissue fixation, decalcification, and cryosectioning to reveal the marrow cavity. Completed within approximately 12 days, this process yields highly transparent tissues that maintain genetically encoded or antibody-stained fluorescent signals. The bone hemisections are compatible with diverse antibody labeling strategies. Confocal microscopy of these transparent samples allows for qualitative and quantitative image analysis using Aivia or Bitplane Imaris software, assessing a spectrum of parameters. With proper storage, the fluorescent signal in the stained and cleared bone hemisections remains intact for at least 2–3 months. This protocol is robust, straightforward to implement, and highly reproducible, offering a valuable tool for tissue architecture and cellular interaction studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

\nKlebsiella pneumoniae is a common pathogen of healthcare-associated infections expressing a plethora of antimicrobial resistance loci, including ADP-ribosyltransferase coding genes (arr), able to mediate rifampicin resistance. The latter has activity against a broad range of microorganisms by inhibiting DNA-dependent RNA polymerases. This study aims to characterise the arr distribution and genetic context in 138 clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae and correlate these with rifampicin resistance. All isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing for species identification, typing and AMR genes identification, along with the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of rifampicin. Molecular detection of arr genes and class 1 integrons was performed for rifampicin-resistant isolates. Efflux activity was investigated as a possible determinant of rifampicin resistance in isolates devoid of known genetic determinants. Twelve isolates exhibited high rifampicin MICs (≥ 64 mg/L), 124 showed intermediate MICs (16–32 mg/L) and two displayed low (8 mg/L) MICs. Two arr allelic variants, arr-2 and arr-3, were found across one and nine K. pneumoniae isolates, respectively, all within class 1 integrons, including a newly described integron, and all associated with high rifampicin MICs (≥ 64 mg/L). Elevated resistance levels were additionally linked to increased arr-2/3 expression and closer proximity to the promoter. No arr gene or rpoB mutations were found across the remaining two isolates and no correlation between efflux activity and high-level rifampicin resistance was found for both isolates. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that arr genes confer high levels of rifampicin resistance in K. pneumoniae highlighting its widespread dissemination within class 1 integrons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of a high protein and low glycemic load diet in preventing weight gain after kidney transplantation. Methods: We designed a prospective, single-center, open-label, randomized controlled study to compare the efficacy of a high protein (1.3–1.4 g/kg/day) and low glycemic load diet versus a conventional diet (0.8–1.0 g/kg/day of protein and no recommendations on glycemic load) in preventing weight gain (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02883777). A total of 120 patients were evaluated. Patients were followed for 12 months, and the primary outcome was weight maintenance or weight gain lower than 5%. Results: There were no differences in total energy intake, carbohydrates, and total fats between groups. Intervention group (IG) increased protein intake to 1.38 ± 0.56 g/kg/day and decreased the glycemic load to 87.27 ± 4.54 g/day, while control group (CG) had a dietary protein intake of 1.19 ± 0.43 g/kg/day and a glycemic load of 115.60 ± 7.01 g/day. Total fiber intake was greater and trans-fat was lower in IG. Dietetic cholesterol increased in IG over time and was significantly different between groups. Overall, patients had an increase in body weight over time, with a mean increment of 4.1 ± 5.5 kg (5.75%). The percentage of patients who achieved the primary outcome was 50% of sample size, without differences between groups. The glomerular filtration rate improved over time in both groups. Considering 24-h proteinuria and albuminuria, a similar rise was observed in both groups. Conclusion: The present dietary intervention was safe, but had no effect on weight gain in kidney transplant subjects. Our findings suggest that other strategies, including alternative dietary and/or pharmacological and psychological interventions might be tested in randomized control trials in order to improve patients' body weight outcomes after transplant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demyelination is among the most conspicuous neurological sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) in both the central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS) nervous systems. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the mechanisms underlying demyelination in COVID-19. However, none have considered the SARS-CoV-2's effects on the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS). Therefore, our objective in this review is to evaluate how RAAS imbalance, caused by direct and indirect effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, could contribute to myelin loss in the PNS and CNS. In the PNS, we propose that demyelination transpires from two significant changes induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection, which include upregulation of ADAM-17 and induction of lymphopenia. Whereas, in the CNS, demyelination could result from RAAS imbalance triggering two alterations: (1) a decrease in angiotensin type II receptor (AT2R) activity, responsible for restraining defense cells' action on myelin; (2) upregulation of ADAM-17 activity, leading to impaired maturation of oligodendrocytes and myelin formation. Thus, we hypothesize that increased ADAM-17 activity and decreased AT2R activity play roles in SARS-CoV-2 infection-mediated demyelination in the CNS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asymmetric transmission of waves has received considerable attention in the last few decades, inspired by numerous applications in the domains of optics and wave communications. A possible way to achieve such asymmetry in wave propagation is through the violation of reciprocity. We explore asymmetric propagation in an acoustic diode made of two segments of equal sphere sizes but different elastic properties, in which both chains obey Hertzian's contact law. In the forward configuration, the first chain acts as the nonlinear medium, ensuring the suitable generation of a self-demodulated signal, while the second chain, made of soft spheres, provides the low-pass filter. It is shown that both large nonlinearity and low dispersion cause the smallest distortion of the wave envelope, therefore optimizing the transmission of information through the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroelectric plants impact the dynamics of mercury accumulation and transfer to aquatic ecosystems and organisms. This study aimed to determine total mercury (THg) concentration in filtered water, aquatic macrophytes, and fish and assess the influence of fluvial regime (low-water, rising-water, and high-water) and the feeding habits of fish species caught upstream and downstream of the Curuá-Una hydroelectric dam in the Brazilian Amazon. THg levels were determined by cold-vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry. THg concentration in filtered water was higher (5.3–11.2 ng L−1) during the low-water period. THg concentration in fish ranged from 0.075 to 1.160 µg g−1 in specimens caught downstream and from 0.014 to 1.036 µg g−1 in specimens caught upstream of the dam. The highest THg concentrations were detected in specimens of the piscivorous species Acestrorhynchus falcirostris (1.161 µg g−1) caught at downstream sites. There were significant correlations of THg concentration with the trophic level (Analysis of Variance; p ≤ 0.001) of fish species and fluvial regime (Analysis of Variance; p ≤ 0.001). The macrophyte Utricularia foliosa contained the highest THg levels in leaf tissues in the low-water period (71.4 µg g−1). It is concluded that THg concentration varies between fish trophic levels and fluvial regimes. Macrophytes contribute to enhancing mercury transfer and availability along the aquatic trophic chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, montmorillonite (Mt) from two different sources was modified by a one-pot method based on the oxidative polymerization of aniline using Fe2(SO4)3 and magnetite formation by coprecipitation. The magnetic materials were used for the concentration and extraction of six triazine pesticides from aqueous solutions by magnetic solid-phase extraction, and their quantification was done by liquid chromatography–diode array detection. The starting and modified materials were subjected to different characterizations, and the composite formation was confirmed by the modification of the chemical groups present in the mineral phases and their different morphologies. Under optimal sorption conditions, the sorption values obtained for magnetic Mt (MMt) and magnetic Mt-K10 (MMt-K10) were above 80% for all compounds, except hexazinone. The best results were observed for ametryn (96%) on MMt and simazine (95%) on MMt-K10. Based on the results, it can be noted that the low-cost magnetic modified materials demonstrated a very satisfactory sorption of the selected triazines, which present a wide range of polarity. This could allow the development of cheaper analytical methods, with sustainable sorbents, for the quantification of more polar contaminants in aqueous matrices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sooty moulds are saprophytic epiphytic fungi that grow mostly on insect secretions, but they can also be associated with plant secretions. In this study, we aimed to describe de interaction of Capnodium alfenasii sooty mould with the extrafloral shoot nectaries of Azadirachta indica. Anatomical and histochemical studies were carried out on serial sections of extrafloral shoot nectaries of A. indica without and with C. alfenasii infestation. The total soluble sugar content of the secreted nectar was determined, and the conidial germination of the fungus in distilled water and in dextrose and nectar solutions was evaluated. The shoot nectaries of A. indica are elongated structures that occur in pairs near the base of the petiole. The exuded nectar contains an average of 534.8 µg of total soluble sugars per µL of nectar and provides ideal conditions for conidial germination and fungal growth. C. alfenasii hyphae grow on the nectary, penetrate through breaks in the cuticle, travel under the cuticle and penetrate the secretory tissue by inter- and intracellular routes. The present report is the first to describe the interaction of C. alfenasii with the A. indica nectary, including the penetration of hyphae into nectariferous tissues and the plant defence mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small cell osteosarcoma (SCOS) is a rare variant of conventional osteosarcoma, characterized by tumor cells of small size and uniform morphology, which can lead to diagnostic confusion with other small cell tumors, requiring a detailed diagnostic approach. The manifestation in a child adds a degree of complexity, as the management of malignant tumours in paediatric patients requires specific considerations to minimize the long-term side effects of oncological treatment and preserve the structural and functional development of the orofacial region. This report concerns an 8-year-old female patient referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery outpatient clinic with progressive swelling in the right maxillofacial region, initially asymptomatic, but progressing to pain and difficulty chewing. A cone beam computed tomography scan was requested and an incisional biopsy was carried out for histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis, which confirmed the pathological entity. The lesion was then completely resected with a safety margin and the affected area removed to restore functionality and aesthetics. The surgical specimen was sent for further histopathological analysis, which confirmed the diagnosis of SCOS. Detailed immunohistochemical analysis was crucial to the diagnosis, and a comprehensive surgical approach was indicated given the aggressive behavior of the lesion. This report emphasizes the importance of an integrated multidisciplinary approach, combining oncology, pathology and oral and maxillofacial surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to understand the potential therapeutic and anti-inflammatory effects of the phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor roflumilast in models of pulmonary infection caused by betacoronaviruses. Methods: Mice were infected intranasally with murine hepatitis virus (MHV-3) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Roflumilast was given to MHV-3-infected mice therapeutically at doses of 1 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg, or prophylactically at 10 mg/kg. In SARS-CoV-2-infected mice, roflumilast was given therapeutically at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Lung histopathology, chemokines (CXCL-1 and CCL2), cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF, IFN-γ, IL-10 and TGFβ), neutrophil immunohistochemical staining (Ly6G+ cells), macrophage immunofluorescence staining (F4/80+ cells), viral titration plaque assay, real-time PCR virus detection, and blood cell counts were examined. Results: Therapeutic treatment with roflumilast at 10 mg/kg reduced lung injury in SARS-CoV-2 or MHV-3-infected mice without compromising viral clearance. In MHV-3-infected mice, reduced lung injury was associated with decreased chemokines levels, prevention of neutrophil aggregates and reduced macrophage accumulation in the lung tissue. However, the prophylactic treatment strategy with roflumilast increased lung injury in MHV-3-infected mice. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that therapeutic treatment with roflumilast reduced lung injury in MHV-3 and SARS-CoV-2 lung infections. Given the protection induced by roflumilast in inflammation, PDE4 targeting could be a promising therapeutic avenue worth exploring following severe viral infections of the lung. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many small-scale fisheries (SSFs) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) operate in ecologically sensitive areas, where balancing conservation and resource use is challenging. 'Multiple-use' marine protected areas (MPAs) have been implemented to accommodate SSFs (among other uses) within areas designated for conservation, creating opportunities and challenges for SSF governance. We analyzed eleven case studies from LAC to explore: (1) how different MPA institutional designs affect key aspects of SSF governance and (2) the links between these effects and the type of initiative that promoted MPA establishment (origin). Results indicate that the existence of an MPA benefited SSF governance in many ways, with more pronounced positive effects in MPAs with mixed to bottom-up origin supported by well-organized fishing groups. In addition, the presence of supportive MPA authorities that leveraged local capacities and initiatives and adopted flexible and collaborative governance systems made a difference in several cases. Lessons for integrating MPA and SSF governance are drawn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Knowledge about the distribution and frequency of the respective haplotypes on the wildtype and mutant allele is highly relevant in the context of future gene therapy clinical studies in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3, the most common autosomal dominantly inherited ataxia. Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated to the disease-causing gene, ATXN3, have been determined. We wanted to investigate the frequency and regional distribution of two intragenic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a large European SCA3 cohort and their relation to the clinical phenotype. Methods: The genotypes of the two polymorphisms at base pair positions 987 and 1118 of the ATXN3 were determined for their co-localization on the normal and expanded allele, respectively, in 286 SCA3 mutation carriers and 117 healthy controls from 11 European sites. Results: The distribution of genotypes on the expanded allele differed from those of the wildtype allele of SCA3 mutation carriers and of healthy controls, and was mainly influenced by the regional origin. In our cohort, no particular clinical phenotype was associated with any specific haplotype. Conclusions: Our results confirm distinct allocations of SNPs associated to the expanded ATXN3, and accordingly the consideration of allele-specific therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive ataxia. Although previous studies have focused on cerebral and cerebellar damage, spinal cord involvement in SCAs remains underexplored. Objectives: This study aims to characterize spinal cord abnormalities in SCA2, SCA3, and SCA6 and to identify its phenotypic correlates. Methods: We conducted a multimodal spinal neuroimaging study on 26 SCA3, 16 SCA2, and 14 SCA6 patients, along with matched healthy controls. MRI scanning was performed using a 3 Tesla device, and the Spinal Cord Toolbox (SCT) was employed for morphometric and diffusivity analyses of the cervical spinal cord. Results: Our findings revealed significant spinal cord atrophy and altered white matter microstructural metrics in SCA3 and SCA2 patients compared to controls, with no abnormalities in SCA6. A strong negative correlation was observed between cross-sectional cord area and disease duration in SCA2, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for disease progression. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of spinal cord imaging in understanding the pathophysiology of SCAs and demonstrates the utility of MRI-based metrics in identifying structural deviations and their clinical correlates. Further longitudinal studies are needed to validate these findings and explore their implications for clinical trials and therapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Caatinga biome has a wide variety of plants which, despite their irregular distribution, are frequently used to feed animals. This study aimed to evaluate the gas production kinetics of Caatinga plants: Malva (Herissantia crispa), Aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva), Marmeleiro (Croton sonderianus), and Bamburral (Hyptis suaveolens). Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris), a cultivated forage, was used as a control. For this evaluation, samples of Aroeira, Malva, Marmeleiro, Bamburral, and Buffel grass were weighed and then incubated in 100 ml flasks containing rumen fluid and buffer solution at 39 °C in a water bath. The volume of gases produced was measured with graduated syringes at various times. The parameters of in vitro degradation kinetics were estimated from cumulative gas production using the NLMIXED procedure of SAS (Statistical Analysis System, Cary, USA). Buffel grass showed higher gas production than the other samples (77.64 ml), followed by the Caatinga samples, Malva and Aroeira (58.16 ml and 54.05 ml, respectively), which were statistically similar. In conclusion, we suggest that Malva and Aroeira are forage plants with promising potential to improve the nutrition of ruminants in arid regions, given their high protein content, moderate fiber content, and characteristics related to gas production identified with the in vitro digestibility test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) is a protein disulfide isomerase that is important for protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and is essential for mucin production in the digestive and respiratory tracts. Bi-allelic AGR2 variants were recently found to cause recurrent respiratory infections and failure to thrive with or without diarrhea (RIFTD; MIM # 620233), although the mechanisms behind this condition remain unclear. To date, at least 15 patients with homozygous AGR2 variants have been reported. Here, we report two affected siblings in a consanguineous family who had recurrent respiratory infections and digestive symptoms, one of whom needed lung transplantation. To identify the genetic cause of their symptoms, we performed exome sequencing and identified a novel homozygous missense variant in AGR2 (NM_006408.4, c.250A>C, p.(Ser84Arg)) in both affected siblings. Both parents had the identical variant in a heterozygous state. This variant is quite rare in the general population and is clinically compatible with RIFTD, substituting a highly conserved CXXS motif with CXXR. We performed structural modeling and functional studies to investigate the effect of this variant. Through transient overexpression, Ser84Arg AGR2 decreased protein stability, and promoted aberrant dimerization under non-reducing conditions. AGR2 functions in a monomer-dimer equilibrium. Size-exclusion chromatography showed that the Ser84Arg mutant had a larger molecular size than the wild-type protein under non-reducing, but not reducing conditions, indicating that Ser84Arg enhanced intermolecular disulfide bonds. In conclusion, we identified a novel pathogenic AGR2 variant and indicated its abnormal monomer-dimer equilibrium as a possible mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of RIFTD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploitation of fruit residues is a tendency that has been raising considerable interest, since it reduces the amount of residues generated during agro-industrial processing, increases the profit generated in the operation and makes use of nutritional principals normally disposed of. Melon seeds are good sources of macronutrients such as proteins, lipids and carbohydrates, as well as micronutrients such as vitamins, minerals and bioactive compounds. The germination process leads to a modification in composition, possibly increasing the nutritional quality and altering the physicochemical characteristics of the original raw material positively. Thus, the aim of the present study was to make a comparative evaluation of the physical and physicochemical characteristics, the bioactive compound content and the technological properties of flours produced from the germinated seeds of Pele-de-Sapo, Gália, Cantaloupe and Orange melons, obtained after drying at 50, 60 and 70 ºC. The germinated seed flours of the four melon varieties presented good protein, lipid, ascorbic acid, flavonoid and carotenoid contents, especially Cantaloupe, with the best values for proteins, lipids and carotenoids and the highest phenolic compound contents. All the flours were highly cohesive with low fluidity and good solubility. The variety Cantaloupe provided flours with good water and oil absorption capacities and greater emulsion activities and stability. The highest drying temperatures led to increases in the phenolic compound, flavonoid and carotenoid compounds and increased the Hausner Factor and Carr Index, but reduced the solubility, the water and oil absorption capacities and the emulsion activity. The flours produced showed good nutritional quality and stability, with emphasis on those produced from Cantaloupe melons, which showed the best nutritional characteristics and technological properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work carries out a study of the heterogeneous photocatalysis process using TiO2 and the composite TiO2/iron oxides as catalysts, in order to perform the degradation of propylparaben. The composite produced aims to maintain the catalytic capacity of the precursor material, while improving the recovery of the material after its application. Magnetic removal is a quick and efficient way of reapplying the catalyst. The photocatalysts produced were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM/EDS, PL and UV–vis. The composite obtained showed the predominant crystalline phases anatase and magnetite, as well as photocatalytic activity which was increased by the decrease of the material bandgap, promoted by the materials combination. The materials efficiency was determined under ultraviolet irradiation through the degradation of propylparaben, in which the highest efficiency was obtained with the composite was the removal of 16.2 ppm, around 80.83% from 20 ppm, and for pure TiO2 it was the degradation of 4.7 ppm, around 94.52% from 5 ppm of propylparaben. These findings present a valuable alternative to a highly effective photocatalyst that can be magnetically removed from the treated solution and be reused in another treatment run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the changing epidemiological profile of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) to young patients, highlighting its rising incidence among non-traditional risk groups. A retrospective descriptive study was conducted, covering data from medical records between 2000 and 2012. Patients were categorised into two age groups (≤ 40 years; 41–50 years). Sociodemographic and clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated. A total of 108 patients participated, mostly aged 41–50. Alcohol consumption (43.3%) surpassed smoking. Majority (56.7%) aged ≤ 40 never smoked. Lateral tongue border was most affected, with stages III and IV prevalent. Patients aged ≤ 40 were mostly eligible for surgery (44%). Survival tied to staging and surgery; age had no significant impact. Young squamous cell carcinoma patients often lacked traditional risk factors like smoking, underwent surgery, and typically had disease-free margins. The study underscores the importance of broad external policies for early diagnosis, beyond just traditional risk groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of modified-ILIB (intravascular laser irradiation of blood) in the control of systemic conditions and/or oral changes during dental care. This systematic literature review study aimed to answer the question, "Is modified-ILIB an effective adjuvant therapy in the control of systemic conditions and/or oral changes in children and adults during dental treatment?". The protocol for this systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO database under number CRD42023493800. The search was carried out in the PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, SCOPUS and EMBASE databases on June 10, 2024. Google Scholar was used as a search source for gray literature. Randomized clinical trials were included, without restrictions on language or year of publication. The RoB 2.0 tool was used to assess the risk of bias and GRADE was used to check the quality of the evidence. A total of 750 articles were retrieved and five studies were selected for this review. All studies were in English and were carried out in Brazil. The outcomes were periodontal parameters and glycemic control in patients with periodontitis and type II diabetes, anxiety control in pediatric dentistry, postoperative pain after third molar extraction and improving taste in post-COVID-19 patients. The majority of studies had a low risk of bias, while only one study was considered to have some concerns. The quality of evidence from the studies was considered very low. The current evidence does not overwhelmingly support the effectiveness of modified-ILIB in controlling oral and/or systemic conditions in dentistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of warm mix asphalt (WMA) and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) technologies presents challenges in optimizing binder activation and mechanical performance in asphalt mixtures. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of three WMA additives (sunflower oil, WarmGrip®, and natural zeolite) and different RAP contents (30% and 70%) on the rheological and mechanical properties of recycled asphalt mixtures. The research focused on assessing the degree of RAP binder activation, determining the extent of partial activation, and analyzing the impact on tensile strength, moisture resistance, modulus, fatigue life, and deformation resistance. The methodology included chemical and rheological analysis of RAP and modified binders, as well as mechanical testing of recycled mixtures. Results indicated partial RAP binder activation, with 96.16% activation in mixtures containing 30% RAP and 80.77% in those with 70% RAP. Sunflower oil acted as a rejuvenator, reducing binder stiffness and decreasing the maximum PG temperature by 6 °C. The use of natural zeolite improved moisture resistance, resulting in TSR values 20% higher than those of conventional hot mixtures with the same RAP content (70%). Warm recycled mixtures demonstrated enhanced fatigue life and moisture resistance, particularly with WarmGrip®. Overall, the incorporation of WMA additives allowed for enhanced fatigue life and deformation resistance in recycled mixtures, enabling the use of up to 70% RAP without compromising mechanical performance. The findings support the potential of WMA and RAP additives to improve sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and durability in asphalt pavement construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of facial masks has become a global standard in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, necessitating the development of reliable detection systems to monitor adherence to health guidelines. This paper presents an facial mask detection framework that enhances the YOLOv8 algorithm and leverages the ResNet-50 architecture for improved feature extraction. Our proposed framework was rigorously evaluated against widely recognized methods, including the original YOLOv8, faster R-CNN, and SSD, across various metrics such as precision, recall, and mean average precision (mAP). The results of these comparative analyses underscore the superiority of our approach, with our framework showing significant improvements in the detection of properly worn masks. Specifically, our model achieved precision and recall rates above 97% and a mAP0.5% of 99.6%, significantly outperforming the comparison group. These advancements highlight the potential of our framework as a cornerstone for public health initiatives, providing a high-precision tool for real-time mask detection and adherence monitoring in various settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]