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Boltzmann equation is carried out to study the micromechanism of interaction between electromagnetic wave and plasma. The Boltzmann-FDTD iteration formula that is about electromagnetic wave obliquely incident into plasma under one-dimensional case is deduced. The reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient of the plasma flat are calculated when the electromagnetic wave incidents into plasma medium at different incident angles. The correctness of the algorithm is proved through some examples in this paper. The change law and mechanism of the electromagnetic wave energy, the reflection coefficient, and incidence coefficient with the changing of the incident angle are analyzed. The evolution law when the distribution function of particles of plasma is acting with electromagnetic wave is study. This work will help us to study the macro and micro relationship about plasma matters in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, considerable attention has been paid to the biologically active of fruit and vegetable processing wastes. In this study, antibacterial properties and major bioactive constituents of Chinese water chestnut peels (CWCP) extracts and fractions were evaluated. The data displayed that ethyl acetate fractions (EF) from CWCP showed greater antibacterial activity than n-butanol fractions, methanol extracts and water fractions against three common foodborne pathogenic bacteria ( Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes) assessed by the inhibition zone, minimal inhibition concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration values. In accordance with disc diffusion assay, S. aureus was more susceptible to EF than the other two pathogens. Furthermore, action-mode studies indicated that EF exhibited significant bactericidal activity against S. aureus by degrading and disrupting the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane, ultimately the leakage of cell contents led to cell death. Finally, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was used for characterization of bioactive constituents in EF, and ten flavonoids aglycons were identified or tentatively identified. The results suggest that the extracts and fractions from CWCP could be potentially used as a possible food supplement to improve food safety by the control or elimination of foodborne pathogenic bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experimental system utilizing acoustic response system (ARS) and computer vision system (CVS) for eggshell crack detection was implemented. Firstly, the acoustic response signals were captured and analyzed, and six parameters ( f, f, f, f: the dominant response frequency; CS: the mean value of coefficient of skewness; CE: the mean value of coefficient of excess) were analyzed. The ARS including a back-propagation artificial neural network model with a structure of 6 input nodes, 15 hidden nodes, and one output node was built to detect eggshell cracks. Secondly, the eggshell images were captured and processed by the computer vision system, and five geometrical characteristic parameters of crack and noise regions on the eggshell images were acquired. The CVS including a back-propagation artificial neural network model with a structure of 5 input nodes, 10 hidden nodes, and one output node was built to detect eggshell cracks. Finally, the quality of eggs, with or without cracks, was evaluated based on detection results from both CVS and ARS. This method allows the fusion of information obtained from CVS to ARS. The results showed that the detection accuracy of cracked eggs were 68 and 92%, respectively, by CVS and ARS. However, the accuracy equaled to 98% by the information infusion of two techniques. The result was superior to only one technique, and the method based on the information fusion of computer vision and acoustic response was applicable for detecting egg cracks. This research provides a new technology detection of cracked egg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]